Abameleli abaningi bomndeni wakwaFazanov abaningi bahlukaniswa nokubukeka kwabo okumangalisayo. Ayikho i-genre Tragopanov, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu. Lezi zinyoni ezinhle zihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi aziwazanga lapha. Lezi zinto zizosiza ukufunda ngemikhuba yama-tragopans endle, kanye nokuzikhethela kokuqukethwe kwabo ekuthunjweni.
Incazelo nokubukeka
Zonke izinhlobo ezinhlanu zegciwane leTragopan zinezici ezivamile, okungukuthi:
- abesilisa nabesifazane baphambene ngokucacile (ukwehlisa ubulili);
- Amadoda amancane (isisindo ngokwesilinganiso 1.5-2 kg), enemibala enemibalabala, ilawulwa ngemibala ebomvu, emnyama neyomnyama, kunezici ezengeziwe (ama-tufts, spurs, njll) ezingekho kubesifazane;
- abesifazane basencane (isilinganiso 1-1.5 kg), umbala unesizotha, ikakhulukazi umbala omnyama;
- isidumbu salezi zinyoni sinobukhulu, sinamathela;
- ekhanda labesilisa kukhona amahloni, izimpondo-okufana nokukhula, umlomo ufushane, amehlo anombala, inhloko yabesilisa abadala ihlotshiswe nge-tuft;
- intamo yezinyoni zombili zobulili iyingcosana, emqaleni wezinsikazi kukhona izigqoko zesikhumba ezigqamile ngendlela yama-lapels;
- imilenze yifushane; izigaxa zihlotshiswe ngamadoda;
- amaphiko ahambisana;
- umsila usemfushane noma usayizi ophakathi, ubude obomvu ohlangothini.
Izinhlobo ze-tragopan
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinhlobo zeTragopanov zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu. Sichaza kafushane izici zesici ngasinye.
- I-Blackhead noma i-tragopan esentshonalanga (i-Tragopan melanocephalus) - Le ndoda ihlukaniswe nekhanda elimnyama ekhanda lakhe, elihlome i-tuft enephuzi elibomvu. Azikho izimpaphe ezihlathini nasendaweni ezungeze amehlo; lezi zindawo zesikhumba zimibala obomvu obomvu. Ingxenye yentamo kanye nengxenye yesifuba ibomvu, kepha umphimbo ubumnyama okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpondo ze-scaly ekhanda ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba wonke unobuningi obumnyama ngezindawo ezimhlophe nezibomvu. Umbala wezinsikazi uqukethe amathoni ensundu, abomvu nokubomvu anezimpawu ezimhlophe. Isisindo sesisindo sesilisa singama 1.8-2 kg, abesifazane - 1.3-1.4 kg.
- I-Burobryuhi noma i-tragopan Cabot (i-Tragopan caboti) - abesilisa banesikhumba esimnyama emakhanda abo nge-tuft yama-black and orange. Ingxenye yekhanda elizungezile amehlo nensimbi ayinayo izimpaphe futhi inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isifuba nesisu sesimhlophe esimhlophe, umzimba wonke unobundu, ogcwele amacu amhlophe nomngcele omnyama. Umbala wezinsikazi ikakhulukazi obomvu-obomvu ngezinhlanzi ezimhlophe. Isisindo sesisindo sesilisa singama-1.2-1.4 kg, abesifazane balinganisa u-0.8-0.9 kg.
- I-Mottled noma i-Tragopan Temminka (i-Tragopan temminckii) - abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo luhle kakhulu emndenini wonke weFazanov. Ekhanda labesilisa kukhona i-black-orange tuft kanye nokukhula okwesibhakabhaka-izimpondo. Ukusuka emphethweni we-throat hang emangalisayo efana ne-lapels, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-turquoise ngezindawo ezibomvu. Azikho izimpaphe ebusweni, isikhumba sibuluhlaza. Omunye umzimba ugcwele izimpaphe ezibomvu noma ezibomvu ezimnyama ezinamabala amhlophe kuhlaka olumnyama. Amantombazane anezinsipho ezincane ezimhlophe. Isilisa sinesisindo esingu-1.3-1.4 kg, isisindo sensikazi siyi-0.9-1.0 kg.
- I-Serobryuhy noma i-Tragopan Blyth (i-Tragopan blythii) ngummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo. Abesilisa banesibhakabhaka esibomvu esinombala omnyama ekhanda, ingxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda iphuzi futhi ayikho inqwaba. Intamo nesifuba sesibomvu, isisu siphunga, ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zinombala obomvu, zigcwele izindawo ezimhlophe. Umbala wezinsikazi ulawulwa obomvu ngezinsundu, ezimnyama nezimhlophe, isisu sabo siyimpunga. Abesilisa abanesisindo esingu-2.1 kg, abesifazane balinganisa u-1.5 kg.
- I-Satgra satyra, ungumNdiya. Ikhanda lihlotshiswe nge-black tuft enezindawo ezimnyama ezibomvu, kanye nokukhula okwesibhakabhaka kwezimpondo. Indawo ezungeze amehlo ne-lapel ekhula phezu kwe-larynx ayizintambo futhi zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isifuba, ingxenye yentamo nengemuva ibomvu, igcwele amacu amhlophe emngceleni omnyama. Ingemuva inombala ngezindawo ezimhlophe ezifanayo. Insikazi inezinsipho ezinobomvu obomvu nezindawo ezimnyama nezikhanyayo. Isisindo samadoda singama-1.6-2 kg, abesifazane balinganisa 1-1.2 kg.
Uhlala kuphi
Lezi zinyama zikhetha amahlathi azinziwayo, ama-coniferous noma ahlanganisiwe, akhula ngokuphakama kusuka kumamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezine ngaphezu kwezilwandle. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zihlala ezindaweni ezilandelayo zase-Asia:
- i-black-headed ihlala eNtshonalanga Himalayas, ensimini yeNdiya nePakistan;
- i-boarbush itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina;
- ama-ocellules ajwayelekile eBhutan, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India, eTibet, enkabeni yeChina, nasenyakatho yeVietnam;
- izimpilo eziyi-sulfurous zihlala empumalanga yeBhutan, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTibet;
- I-Satyr ihlala eNepal, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India, eTibet, eBhutan naseNingizimu China.
Kubalulekile! Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-tragopans, isimo se-satyr, i-ophthalmic, ne-bur-bellied akubangeli ukukhathazeka. Inombolo ye-serobryukhs namadayads amancane futhi iyancipha. Isimo siphuthumiswa yiqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlobo zithembeke ngokukhethekile ezimweni zendawo yokuhlala futhi zingazalanga kahle ekuthunjweni.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Lezi zinyoni zihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi zinamahloni, okwenza kube nzima ukuzibona zasendle. Bahlala emahlathini asezintabeni nge-undergrowth, bafihle emahlathini noma ema-treetops, bavame ukuhlala bodwa, ngenkathi yokulinganisa bakha ama-pair, imihlambi encane ingabonwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezinkukhu. Zonke izinhlobo zizwela ukushisa kwezinga eliphezulu. Ngokuvamile balinda ukushisa emhlabathini emthunzini okhulu.
Le nyoni ayikwazi ukufuduka, iningi lihlala ensimini eyodwa, kodwa lingaya emadolobheni amancane, ngokoqobo ngamakhilomitha amaningana. Ukufuduka ezindaweni ezikude kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokushintsha okusheshayo kwezulu. Abantu abadala baqapha izinkukhu kuze kube yilapho bezimele ngokuphelele.
Namuhla, phakathi kwezinkukhu, izidakamizwa ziya ngokuya zithandwa: izigwaca, ama-pheasants, ama-owuni nezinyoni zezinyoni.
Yini edlayo
Zonke izinhlobo ezinhlanu zidla kabili ngosuku: ekuseni nakusasa kusihlwa, sekusebusuku. Kwezinye izimo, zingadliwa ngesikhathi sosuku, kodwa ngezinsuku ezinamafu kuphela. Bafuna ukudla kokubili ezweni nasemithini nasezihlahleni. Yidla kakhulu ukudla okutshala: amajikijolo, izithelo, ama-acorns, amahlumela ezitshalo, amaqabunga, imbewu, amahlumela. Ngesinye isikhathi, badla izinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu, njll.
Ukuzala
Kucatshangwa ukuthi wonke ama-tragopans ayingqayizivele, nakuba ukuphela kwesimo sohlobo lwezinhlobo ezithile kusengabazeki. Abesilisa baqala ukukhuluma ngo-Mashi, kubhalwe imizuzu yonke emi-10-15, ngezinye izikhathi ngamahora amaningi nsuku zonke. Ngaphandle kokukhwabanisa, bona, ukuheha abesifazane, benze imisindo yokulingana: i-squat, bhonqa amakhanda abo, bavule amaphiko abo, bawase emhlabathini, izimpaphe ezifudumele, zibophezele entanyeni nasekukhuleni ekhanda. Ngemva kokuhlala ensimini ethile, abesilisa phakathi nalesi sikhathi bahlukumeza abaphikisana nabo, futhi ukulwa ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukulimala futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokufa komunye wesilisa.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "tragopan" lithathwa ngokuthi lisuselwa kumagama esiGreki iTrago, okusho ukuthi "imbuzi" nePan igama lomalusi onkulunkulu baseGreki lasendulo. Futhi ngenxa yokukhula ekhanda, okufana nezimpondo, ngokuvamile kuthiwa "ama-horned pheasants".
Isikhathi somshado singaqhubeka kuze kufike ngoJuni. Lezi zinyoni zenza izidleke zazo emagatsheni, emigodini noma emasimini ezihlahla. Ukwenza izidleke ezisetshenziswa utshani, amahlumela, amaqabunga, izimpaphe, ama-moss. I-Tragopan ingathatha izidleke ezilahlekile zezinye izinyoni, ngokuvamile izilwane ezidliwayo noma ama-corvids. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesifazane balala phakathi kwamaqanda amabili nesithupha. Ukufakelwa kwawo kuqhubeka cishe inyanga, abesifazane bahlala esihlahleni, abesilisa bayabondla. Kuye kwaphawula ukuthi lapho amaqanda ehlushwa abesifazane abathunjiweyo, ngezinye izikhathi bafaka endaweni yokubamba ngamadoda. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka endle.
Izinkukhu zizalwa zithuthukile ngempela, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuvela kwazo, zingakwazi ukuhamba ngezindawo. Owesifazane uqobo uyakunakekela izinkukhu ezitshalwe kuze kube yilapho sezikwazi ukondla futhi ziqhume ngokuzimela.
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukuthenga izinkukhu kuphela kubalimi, baqoqa ngokubili. Uma umbhangqwana ungahleliwe, okuvame ukubhekana nabathengisi bokuqala, khona-ke owesilisa ngokuvamile uvame ukushaya owesifazane ekufeni. Uma phakathi nenkathi yokudwengula, owesilisa uhlasele kumuntu wesifazane, ngakho-ke ujwayeke ngephiko elilodwa, bese ehluleka ukubamba insikazi.
Kungenzeka yini ukugcina ekuthunjweni
Ngaphandle kwezinkinga ekuthunjweni, izitshalo ze-satires, izicucu, kanye nezidakamizwa ezifuywayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zizalwa ngezimo ezinjalo kabi. Ababelethi bathi lapho izinyoni ezithunjwa zijwayele abantu, ungabaleki, zingathatha ukudla ezandleni zazo zihlale emahlombe abantu. Zigcine ezigodini, futhi unyaka wonke. Le nyoni ibekezelela ukushisa kwebusika, kubi kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke indawo yokuzivikela ilanga kufanele ihlinzekwe ngaphandle kokuhluleka.
Ukwakha igceke lezinkukhu, funda indlela yokwenza inkukhu yezinkukhu, ihansi, indlu, i-turkey-hen, indlu yenkukhu, kanye nendlu yezinkuni ze-indoutok ne-mandarin ngezandla zakho.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ubungako obuncane be-enclosure ye-tragopan cishe ngamamitha ayi-square ayi-40. m Kodwa-ke, zikhona izibonelo zokugcinwa ngempumelelo kwalawa maFazanovs ezindaweni ezinokuzithoba kakhulu endaweni engamamitha ayi-5-10 square. m. Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphambi kokuba uqale izinyoni ezinjalo, kunconywa ukuba uxoxisane nemibandela yokugcinwa kwabo kubalimi.
Izinkanyezi zalezi zinyoni zihlelwe ngokuphakama kwamamitha angu-1-1.5 ngaphezu komhlaba. Ukudonsa noma amabhasikithi asetshenziswa njengezidleke. Isisekelo sokudla siyimifino, amajikijolo (ama-blackberries, umdala, intaba ye-ash), imifino (utamatisi, izaqathe, iklabishi), izithelo ziyakuthandwa kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuxuba okusanhlamvu ukuze kunikelwe ngokucophelela, njengoba inyoni ingase ikhuluphele futhi ife. Izinkukhu zinikezwa amaqanda abilisiwe, i-lettuce eqoshiwe, i-cottage eshibilikile enamafutha aphansi kanye non-sour. Kuwusizo ukungena ekudleni kwabo nasezimpungeni zokudla.
Ngakho-ke, ama-tragopans, aphakathi kwammeli amahle kakhulu e-Fazanovs, kunzima kakhulu ukuwabona ezimweni zemvelo, lapho behlala khona ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka ezintabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlela yabo yokuphila kuze kube manje ayizange ihlolwe ngokugcwele.
Ngaphezu kwe-tragopan, inyoni enjalo njengepheasant iphinde ibe yilabo ababamele beFazanovs. Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele izinhlobo ezihamba kahle zezinhlayiya, kanye nokucabangela izici zegolide, yered and white pheasant.
Ngenhlanhla, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane zasendle ziye zafunda ukuzala ekuthunjweni, ukuze abalimi bezinkukhu bazame ukuthola lezi zinyoni ezihle.