Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile izinkomo zitholakala ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ezingaba yingozi noma isidingo sokubhubhisa yonke imfuyo. Isifo esinjalo yi-anthrax. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo zesifo, izimpawu zalo kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa.
Iyini lesi sifo
I-anthrax yisifo esithathelwanayo, esibonakala ngezibonakaliso ze-septicemia nokubunjwa okukhulu kwe-carbuncles. Lesi sifo singathinta zonke izilwane zasendle nezilwane zasendle.
Kubonakala ngokusakazeka okusheshayo futhi ezimweni eziningi kuholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Umthombo wokutheleleka akuyona nje umuntu ogulayo, kodwa futhi nomhlabathi lapho i-pathogen ingaphila iminyaka eminingana.
Isizinda semlando
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalesi sifo kwavela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu. Lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi odokotela base-Arabhu basendulo ngokuthi "umlilo wasePheresiya", naseGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "umlilo ongcwele".
Kubalulekile! Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ezincane zisenomkhuhlane omncane, ukutheleleka kwayo kwenzeka kaningi kunabantu abadala. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi wonke amathole kufanele agonywe.Ezikhathini Ephakathi, ukuqubuka kwezifo kwenzeka kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu. Ngokusho kwe-annals, i-anthrax yaqala ukuvela eRussia kusukela ngo-978, futhi ukuqubuka okunamandla kwesifo kubuyele emuva emakhulwini e-XVIII-XIX.
Umnikelo obalulekile ekutadisheni lesi sifo wenziwa nguS. N. Vyshlessky, N. A. Mikhin, F. A. Terentyev, S. G. Kolesov, Ya. E. Kolyakov. Kusukela ngo-1944, umuthi wokugoma we-STI ohlinzekwa nguN. N. Ginsburg waqala ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso ze-prophylactic. Kwakusekelwe ebucayi obunamandla, obungenasisindo-ngaphandle kwama-causative agent. Ngo-1956, uS. S. G. Kolesov nabanye ososayensi badala i-GNKI yokugoma i-aluminium hydroxide.Agent Causative and Routes of Infection
I-agent ye causative ye-anthrax i-Gram-positive stick fixed. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu emakamelweni nomoya, ikakhulu uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphakathi + 15 ... +42 ° ะก.
Zijwayele ngezimpawu nezindlela zokwelashwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zezinkomo.
I-bacterium iyakwazi ukulondoloza ukuphila ngisho nasesidumbu esiteshini sokubola - isebenza izinsuku ezingu-7. Ukushisa kuya ku-60 ° C kungayichitha emaminithini angu-15, imisebe yelanga - emaminithini ambalwa, uma ubilisa ifa ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhaktheriya angaqedwa ngokusebenzisa inqubo evamile yokucwilisa ukungcola.
Ama-bacilli ayamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi futhi angaphila ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14 -15 ° C. Lapho u-salting efihla futhi esomisa inyama, ama-bacterium agcinwa emkhiqizo oqediwe. Umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka kwezinkomo kudla ukudla. Ukwelashwa yi-aerogenic indlela engavamile. 
I-Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Ngokuvamile kuvamekile ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nenhlabathi ngenkathi bedla ukudla okungcoliswe yi-pathogen, noma ngamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-membrane emangcwabeni yomlomo kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isifo singenzeka nge-mucosa yama-nasal, i-conjunctiva, noma isikhumba esonakele.
Uyazi? Ukuhunyushwa kusuka ku-Latin anthrax bacillus kusho: "i-bacillus" - i-bacillus, i- "anthrax" - amalahle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isiko, esivela ngesikhathi sokugula, ngenxa yombala wayo omnyama, sibukeka sifana kakhulu ne-coke.
Ukutheleleka okulula futhi okufakwe ngaphakathi kwe-intrauterine. Ukudluliswa kwe-anthrax kungenzeka ngokudluliselwa. Ehlobo, ngosizo lwe-arthropods, elulisa igazi legciwane lesandulela ngculazi, lesi sifo singathathwa ngamabanga amade.
Amafomu
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo, zicatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Septic
Kule fomu, ukwanda okusheshayo ekushiseni komzimba kuya kuma-40 degrees, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuphakeme. Ngeshwa, cishe, ngalesi sikhathi amabhaktheriya asevele esakaze kuwo wonke umzimba, engena egazini legazi. 
Kungase kube nezimpawu ze-pneumonia, i-edema ye-pulmary hemorrhagic, ngezinye izikhathi ubuchopho buvutha, i-peritonitis iqala, futhi kuphuma igazi. Ukufa kwesilwane kwenzeka kwezinsuku ezintathu emva kokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwesifo. Amanye ama-subforms abonakala futhi, lapho lesi sifo sendawo endaweni ethile.
Lezi zihlanganisa:
- ukuphefumula. Zonke izimpawu zikhomba ukuthi i-pneumonia ekhulayo eqala i-edema yamapulisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
- anginal. Kubonakala ikakhulukazi ukugeleza okufihliwe. Ukushisa komzimba kuhlala kungashintshi, kunzima isilwane ukugwinya ukudla, ukukhwehlela kuqala, ukuvela kwesondo kuyabonakala. Umphimbo ungase uvuke kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuthi ukufinyeleleka kwe-oksijeni kungakutholi;
- emathunjini. Amathumbu ayathinteka, ukuqokwa kuyaphawulwa, emva kwalokho kuvela isitofu esinamanzi, okungabangela ukubukeka kwe-paresis emathunjini noma i-peritonitis.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ezidingekayo ekwelapheni izinkomo.
Kurbunkuloznaya
Ukubonakala kwefomu lesikhumba kutholakala kumacala angu-90% wesifo. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala endaweni lapho umzimba uhlasela khona i-pathogen, ingase ibe yinto yesibili uma kutholakala inkambo yesifo esiyingozi noma septic.
Lezo zindawo zesikhumba ezithintekayo zigcwele ukuvuvukala, zizwa zikhuni futhi ziyashisa. Lapho uthinta, isilwane sibuhlungu. 
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kuncipha ekushiseni komzimba ezindaweni ezivuvukile, kwezinye izimo ziphansi nakakhulu kunalokho okumele zijwayelekile. Kukhona ukushona kwezicubu ezivela phakathi nendawo, esikhundleni sabo, isilonda esiyindilinga sakhiwa, esimnyama esimnyama. Futhi phawula ukunyuka okuncane kokushisa komzimba jikelele.
Izimpawu kanye nenkambo yesifo
Ukuze uhlolisise lesi sifo ngesikhathi esifanele, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziqakathekileko nokuthi zingenzeka kanjani.
Isibani ngokushesha
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-anthrax kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi izilwane zingafa ngokuzumayo. Ikhono lokubona lesi sifo kanye nokwelapha kwayo akusho.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuthatha igazi endlebeni yezilwane ezifile ngenxa ye-histology, isayithi le-smear kumele libe ne-cauterized ukuze isifo singasakazeki.Inkambo egcwalisayo yesifo inezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphuka ngokuya kuma degree angu-41;
- kunezinxushunxushu ezibukhali zenjabulo ezinkomeni, ezithathwe esikhundleni sokunganaki okuphelele;
- i-pulse nokuphefumula kuvusa, inkoma iphefumula kakhulu;
- i-membrane yamangcwaba iba yi-bluish.
Ngenxa yokunqotshwa kwenkomo enjalo yenkomo ewa phansi emhlabathini, ukufa kwenzeka ngokuxubha. Ngemuva kokuphela komphumela obulalayo, i-foam egazini ibonakala eduze kwamakha nomlomo. 
Cihla
Ukuthuthukiswa kwaleli fomu kwenzeka ngokulinganisa. Kungenzeka ukunquma izimpawu ngesikhathi bese uqhubeka nezinyathelo zokwelapha.
Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nendlela yokuphatha izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-chlamydia, i-bluetongue, necrobacteriosis, isikhukhumba, i-brucellosis, i-leptospirosis, umkhuhlane omnyama, i-aplasmosis, i-parainfluenza-3 ne-actinomycosis.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-anthrax enzima:
- ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokushaya kwenhliziyo okukhulu;
- ukushisa komzimba kuphakama kuya kuma-degrees angu-42;
- ukuvuvukala kwesibalo;
- isifiso sinciphisa, futhi isilwane singenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla;
- emthonjeni we-mammary uyeka ukwakheka ubisi;
- ukubonakala kwezitshalo zamanzi kanye negazi emcimbini;
- izibungu zamangqamu ziba yi-blue, zikhombisa ukubonakala kwezingqinamba;
- kukhona ukuvuvukala okukhulu komphimbo noma isisu.
Ukushona kwesilwane kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3, izinkomo zihlupheka ngokudumala.
I-Subacute
Kubonakala ngezimpawu ezifanayo njengamacala amabili okuqala. Kodwa-ke, phambi kwenkinga yokugula, ukufa kungenzeka kungakapheli isonto emva kokutheleleka. Kufanelekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile izibonakaliso ziyaphela, ezingase zidukise futhi zibe nzima ukuhlolisiswa kwesifo. 
Okungapheliyo
Izimpawu ze-anthrax ngalolu hlobo lokuvuza luye lwasulwa, kodwa kunzima ukungaqapheli ukuthi ukunyuka kwezilwane kukhula kancane kancane. Isifo singahlala izinyanga ezintathu. Okokuqala kudingekile ukulahla izilwane, bese uhlaselwa, futhi emva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwemihlathi, kunezinhlanzi lapho kunezinto ezinamafutha aphethwe yi-gelatinous. Ama-lymph node zesifunda angase avunywe.
Ukuhlonza
Ukuzihlola kuhilela yonke imisebenzi eminingi. Into yokuqala udinga ukunaka izimpawu. Ngokuvamile, ama-carbuncle avela esikhumbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufa okuphazamiseka kwezilwane kuqale kwenzeke ngemuva kokuba kudliwe ukondla olusha lokudla, eduze nalokho okukhona amasayithi wokwakha noma ama-groundlides.
Uyazi? Ama-bacterial anthrax angakwazi ukuqhubeka enhlabathini iminyaka engaba ngu-100.
Ekusola kokuqala kwe-anthrax, kufanele uthintane ngokushesha nodokotela wezilwane. Esimweni esinjalo, kubalulekile ukuqhuba izivivinyo zelabhotri, okudingeka ukuthi uthathe igazi lomuntu onegciwane noma elibulewe. I-pathogen izohlukaniswa negazi futhi isiko elihlanzekile lizotshalwa ngokusebenzisa i-mediant nutrient. 
Lapho kukhona amasampula esikhumba somcwaningi wecala lokufa, esekelwe ekuphenduleni kwemvula. Ngalendlela, i-microbe ingatholakala, ngisho noma ingabonakali nge-microscope.
Enye indlela yokuhlola okuphumelelayo ukufakwa kwe-allergen ngesikhumba. Uma kukhona ukusabela, singasho ukuthi i-pathogen ikhona kulo muntu ngamunye. Esimweni esinjalo kuyadingeka ukuvala ipulazi nokumemezela ukuhlukaniswa.
Izinguquko zesifo
Uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi isifo esinjenge-anthrax sitholakale, asivunyelwe ngokuphelele ukwenza i-autopsy. Ukuwohloka kwezidumbu zabantu abagulayo kwenzeka masinyane, kubonakala ngokubhubhisa, ukushona komzimba, noma kungabi nakakhulu. Igazi legesi noma igazi lingakhululwa emasangweni.
Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukuthi ususe ukuhlukanisa ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-15 emva kokufa kwezilwane noma emva kokuphola kokugcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akumele kube khona ukusabela kokugoma.
Ngokuvamile, ukuvuvukala kungabonakala kwesikhala se-submandibular, intamo, isisu, isisu. Igazi linombala omnyama futhi alikwenzi. Kukhona ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes, i-pleen, ukutholakala kwe-serous ne-hemorrhagic exudate emgodini we-sternum nesisu. 
Isilwane sinesibindi esinamaqabunga, ama-hemorrhages ayaziwa ezinso. Kukhona i-edema ye-pulmona. Uma ukufa kwesilwane kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushayela kwezibani zesifo, khona-ke angeke kube khona izinguquko zesimo salesi sifo.
Izindlela zokulwa nokuzihlukanisa
Ezimweni eziningi, akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isilwane esithathelelekile, kepha ngokuya kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ezinye izinyathelo zokwelapha zingathathwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izinkomo ezigulayo zihlukaniswe futhi zivunyelwe ukwenza okulandelayo:
- ukuletha nge-intanethi i-serum ekhethekile ye-100-200 ml ngayinye. Ukuze ugweme ukwethuka kwe-anaphylactic, qala kuqala ukujova 1 ml, futhi emva kwemizuzu engu-30 konke okunye. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomuthi lalingama-37-38 degrees. Uma ukushisa komzimba kwesilwane kungabeki, emva kwamahora angu-12, baphinda le mithi;
- unike izilwane ezibulala izilwane, njenge "Penicillin" noma "Streptomycin". Zethule ngokuphindaphindiwe kathathu ngosuku ngezinga lama-IU 500 000 kuwo wonke u-100 kg wesisindo somzimba. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwesingeniso kufanele sibe amahora angu-4, futhi emva kokuthuthukisa isimo sabanye, singakhuphuka sibe amahora angu-6.
Ukuze uvikele ukusabalala kwezifo, kufanele nakanjani:
- faka ukuhlukanisa;
- ufake umsebenzi wezilwane lapho kubhaliswa izindawo ezine-foci;
- ukugoma njalo nge prophylaxis;
- izidumbu zabantu abagulayo, kanye nokushisa umquba nokudla.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlukaniswa komuntu kukhishwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi udwebe isenzo esihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa kule nsimu. Kumele ibe nezindawo lapho kutholakala khona ubuningi, kanye nezindawo lapho izidumbu zishiswa khona.Ingabe umuntu angenwa igciwane
Ukwelashwa komuntu ngokugula kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nomuntu ogulayo noma ngosizo lwezinto eziwusizo noma imikhiqizo ehanjisiwe. Amakhambi angangena emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhumba, uma ehlungiwe futhi ewonakele, lapho exhumana nezinkomo ezithathelwanayo, izikhumba zezilwane noma igazi ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa.
Ukuze uqaphele izinkomo, kuzodingeka ukuba wazi ukuthi izinkomo zigcinwa kanjani, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkomo eziphakathi kwezingcono kakhulu, ukuthi inkomo isisindo esingakanani, indlela yokubamba inkomo, indlela yokucubungula umbele ngaphambi nangemva kokubamba, kungani kubalulekile ukuqeda izinkabi zezinkabi .
Kulolu cala, umuntu uzosuselwa ngefomu lesikhumba, futhi i-anthrax izozibonakalisa ngendlela yokubonakala kwe-carbuncles esikhumbeni. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeke ngokudla imikhiqizo ethintekile, khona-ke umuntu uthola ukuthi unezinhlobo zamathumbu, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile.
Emikhiqizweni emikhulu, izinhlamvu zesifo zingadluliselwa kubantu ngezindlela ze-aerogenic, bese zikhuluma ngefomu le-pulmonary of leakage. Ngokuvamile, izinga labantu liba liphakeme phakathi nesikhathi lapho izilwane zigula-kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba.
Ividiyo: ukudluliselwa, izimpawu nokuphathwa kwe-anthrax
Umgomo wokuvimbela kanye ne-anthrax wezinkomo
Ukuvimbela ukuvela nokusabalalisa kwe-anthrax kuhlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukugoma kwe-bovine kufanele kuqhutshwe njalo emapulazini angasese namabhizinisi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwusebenzisa ezindaweni lapho izifo zesifo sezivele zilotshiwe;
- kudingekile ukukhomba, ukugcina amarekhodi nokuqeda ukutheleleka kwezigaba zomhlabathi;
- ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kwenziwe, inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi kumele kuhlolwe ngokutholakala kwamagciwane;
- ukucwiliswa kwe-disinfection kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile emakamelweni, ezindaweni zokuhamba, namagceke ezinkomo usebenzisa i-hydroxyde sodium;
- emva kokufa kwezilwane, zishiswa ngomquba, ukulala nezinye izinto;
- inhlabathi lapho izilwane zishiswa khona futhi phansi emgodini kufanele kuphathwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-caustic soda noma i-formaldehyde, eshisayo esishisayo.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele amaqiniso ayishumi ayishumi nambili athakazelisayo mayelana nezinkomo.
Ukugonywa ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezimbi kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka. Uma kukhona isifo esisheshayo sesifo, imithi yokugoma ikwenziwa njalo emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukugonywa kwamathole kuqhutshwa okokuqala lapho uneminyaka engama-12-14 amasonto, bese kuthi emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. 
Ngokuvamile ukugoma kusetshenziswa umkhiqizo we-biochemical lyophilized 55-VNIIVViM. Isidakamizwa sijojowe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-needleless injector. Ukwakhiwa kwama-antibodies emzimbeni wesilwane kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-11, futhi ukuzivikela komzimba kungaqhubeka izinyanga ezingu-12.
Uyazi? Ukugqashuka okukhulu kwe-anthrax phakathi kwabantu ekhulwini lama-XX kubhalisiwe ngo-1979 eSverdlovsk - abantu abangu-40 bafa ngesifo.I-anthrax yisifo esibi kakhulu esithinta izinkomo kuphela, kodwa nabantu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abalimi kufanele baqaphe ngokucophelela isimo sempilo yezilwane kanye nokusola kokuqala kwesifo, ngokushesha xhumana nesevisi yezilwane.
