Izinyoni ezimangalisayo nezinomusa - izimpungushe zezingulube, zivame ukutholakala emapaki amadolobha ezinamachibi amakhulu noma amachibi futhi zihlale zijabula futhi zibazisa bonke abagcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo ngokuzikhethela kokuphila, ukudla okunomsoco nokuziphatha kwalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu: sinikeza ukubazi kangcono.
Incazelo kanye nezici
I-swans yokuthulisa inokubukeka okucacile, okumangalisayo, okugcizelelwe kuphela ngobukhulu bezinyoni. Babenegama labo ngenxa yokuthi owesilisa wenza umsindo othize wokugubhauma yena noma iphakethe isengozini. Nokho, ngaphezu kokuphanga, bayakwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo efana nokukloloda, ukushaya ikhwelo, ukushaya. Ngaphandle, i-spike evela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-swans ingahlukaniswa nentamo enkulu enamaphiko, i-orange beech, iphakethe ephakanyiswayo njalo kanye nesigqoko esimnyama ngaphansi komlomo.
Uyazi? Thulisa izinkukhu yizinyoni ezindizayo kunazo zonke nezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukubukeka
Izici eziyinhloko zangaphandle zenyoni:
- ikhanda - ubukhulu obuphakathi, obumbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, kunomngcele omnyama ophakathi kwamehlo nomlomo;
- amehlo - encane, emnyama, etshalwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda;
- isonto - umbala omude, obomvu-orange obumnyama eduze kwamakha, esiqongweni nasesisekelo; eduze kwesikhumba ukukhula okumnyama (umklamo), okuyinto kumadoda athambekele ukwandisa ngenkathi yokukhula;
- intamo - eside kakhulu futhi enzima, nezimo;
- umzimba - i-oblong, enkulu, ne-sternum ebanzi;
- amaphiko - enamandla, emisipha, eside futhi ebanzi, ihlanganisa ingxenye ebalulekile emhlane nasemaceleni;
- umsila - mfushane, lapho izindiza zivuleka njenge-fan, emanzini ihlangana emgodini omncane, ogqamile;
- imilenze - mfushane, enamandla;
- ukuthunga - obukhulu, obukhulu, kubantu abadala, i-snow-white.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-swans amancane awafani neze nabazali bawo: ayacaca futhi awabonakali kakhulu. Umbala wemilenze yabo, izimpaphe kanye nomlomo ugoce. Kuphela emva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engama-2-3 bayoba abantu abadala, abavuthiwe ngokocansi kanye nokubukeka okufanayo nabazali babo.
Ukulinganisa nokulinda kokuphila
Imingcele eyinhloko yezingulube eziyisimungulu:
- isisindo sesilisa - 10-15 kg;
- isisindo sesisindo - 8-10 kg;
- ubude bomzimba - 150-160 cm;
- amaphikopan - 200-240 cm;
- Ukuphila iminyaka engu-25-28 emasimini, iminyaka engu-30 ekuthunjweni (noma kunjalo, izinyoni zivame ukuhlala cishe eminyakeni engu-7-10).
Uyazi? Lezi zinyoni azizona ezinkulu kuphela, kodwa zinamandla kakhulu. - ukushaywa kwe-swan eyimungulu kungabulala isilo esincane (isibonelo, isikhukhula noma inja) noma ukuphuka isandla somuntu!
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinyosi zinamanani amakhulu: zihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngenxa yemizamo yomuntu, inyoka manje itholakala eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, eNyakatho Melika. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eYurophu iningi lama-swans linyanyiswa noma lihlala e-novole elilodwa: libizwa njengezinyoni ezihlobisa amapaki, kanti izinyoni zasendle zihlala e-Asia. 
I-swan ehambayo ihlala ezindaweni kuze kube ngu-500 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ngokuvamile bakhetha ama-sea, ama-estuaries, ama-estuaries namanzi ahlanzekile edolobheni. Nest futhi ogwini Atlantic, ogwini olwandle iBaltic, ama-Asia. Ngemuva kokuzalana, inzalo iyakudlulela ebusika emaLwandle Omnyama naseCaspian. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala ebusika ezindaweni zokuhlala lapho zondliwa khona ngabantu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, zingahlanganiswa zibe amakoloni amancane.
Funda futhi mayelana nokuzalisa izinkukhu ekhaya, nokuzalana nokudla amadada asezindaweni zasendle.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Izinyoni ziyaziwa ngokuthula kwazo, ezinobungane nokuzola. Zivumelana kahle nezinye izilwane nezinyoni, futhi amacala okuhlukunyezwa kungenzeka kuphela uma evikela insimu yawo. Lapho kuvela ingozi, owesilisa usakaze amaphiko alo kabanzi, amaphiko avela emhlane, agubha intamo futhi ebhukuda aye esihambelweni esingamukelwa. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, ama-swans ashayana ngamandla ngamaphiko namabhere abo. Yingakho kunganconywa ukukhombisa isithakazelo esiningi, ukuthola isidleke se-swans, njengoba owesilisa angabangela ukulimala okukhulu, evikela isibhamu. 
Esikhathini esiningi, ama-swans e-spike azinikela ekuhlanzeni amaphuphu ama-parasites nokungcola, kanye nokugcoba nge-secretion ye-gland. Ngemuva kokushayela esitelekeni, baqala ukwenza i-molt, lapho izinyoni zilahlekelwa khona yonke impaphe yazo eyinhloko kanye nekhono lokuhamba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi okokuqala insikazi iqala ukwenza i-molt, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ihlanganisa amaqanda futhi ayikwazi ukuhamba. Ngemuva kokuba inqwaba yakhe ishintshwe, i-molt iqala ngendoda: ihlala cishe amasonto ama-5-6. 
Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu nesisindo esikhulu, ama-swans asimungulu amaflaya amahle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, babumbene emaqenjini ahlobene, bese bezinkulungwane zamakholoni, ngaleyo ndlela banciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwezilwane. Fly ukhiye omuhle kakhulu onokuphakama okuncane. Uma izimo zesimo sezulu ezimbi zingavumeli inyoni ukuba iqhume, ama-swans awela emhlabathini, afihle imifino yawo kanye namapayipi ngaphansi kwe-feathering futhi ulinde ngesineke isimo sezulu ukuze sithuthukise.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-swans, ikakhulukazi, swan swan.
Yini ongayidla
Isisekelo sokudla kwezingulube eziyisimungulu kuyinto yokudla kwemifino. Izinyoni zifuna ukudla usuku lonke - umuntu omdala omdala angadla ukudla okungama 4 kg ngosuku. 
Ngenxa yentamo ende eguquguqukayo, izinyoni zingakhipha imifino kusuka phansi emanzini angajulile ezinye izinyoni ezingakwazi ukufinyelela. Uma udilika baya ejubeni ngokujula kwe-1 m, kanti kusukela emanzini ungabona umsila nemilenze kuphela. Imifino engaphansi kwamanzi ingaba imizuzwana engama-10, sonke isikhathi esidla. Emhlabathini, izinyoni zisebenzisa izitshalo, okusanhlamvu kanye nezitshalo zefolda. Kusukela ekudleni kwezilwane, akusiyo inhlanhla yokudla izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ezincane, izinambuzane, ama-clams.
Kubalulekile! Ama-swans (kanye nezinye izinyoni zamanzi) kunoma yiluphi uhlobo angeke anikezwe noma yikuphi imikhiqizo yokubhaka! Ukudla okunjalo kungaholela ekufeni kwezinyoni. Uma ufuna ukusiza abaphefumulayo, bondle ingxube yezinhlamvu.
Ukuzala
Thulisa izinkukhu ziyizinyoni ezingafani futhi zenze umbhangqwana ukuphila. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-3-4. Uma omunye walaba ababili efa, owesibili emva kwesikhashana kudala umbhangqwana omusha. Ukuze uthole isidleke, ama-swans athatha insimu isilisa evikela ngokucophelela kusuka kumncintisana nezitha.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- ukuvuthwa ngokocansi, iminyaka engu-2-3;
- ukuqala kokuhlala isidlo ngo-March;
- inani lamaqanda - 5-9;
- ukufakwa emzimbeni - izinsuku ezingu-34-38;
- ukondla nokunakekela izinkukhu - izinyanga ezingu-4-5.
Isikhathi sokulinganisa iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kulabo izinyoni ezingakatholi umlingani. Ukuze athole indawo yowesifazane, owesilisa ugijimela nxazonke ngamaphiko aphakanyisiwe, izimpaphe ezikhukhumezekile entanyeni yakhe, ephikisana ikhanda lakhe kusukela kolunye uhlangothi. Uma lona wesifazane emnakekela, uba nesimo esifanayo. Ukulinganisa ngokuvamile kwenzeka emanzini. 
Ngemva kwalokho, izinyoni ziqala ukulungiswa kwesidleke: ngokuvamile usayizi omkhulu kakhulu, ungase utholakale emanzini ngesimo sepulatifomu esintantayo noma emhlanga. Izitshalo ze-sedge, zokudayisa, izinhlanga nezindwangu zisebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Ngokujwayelekile, zivunwa yindoda, kuyilapho owesifazane ehlanganyela ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni, ehlanganisa iziqu ezidakeni. Umphumela uyisidleke esinamamitha angaba ngu-150 ububanzi futhi ubude bufinyelela ku-60 cm. Ngaphezulu, owesifazane wenza ukucindezeleka (10-15 cm), uyigxile ngezitshalo ezithambile futhi phansi. 
Lapho isidleke sesilungile, owesifazane uqala ukubeka amaqanda ngosuku, bese eqhubeka ukugxila. Angakwazi ukuhamba kuphela ekudleni, ngalesi sikhathi amaqanda atshisa owesilisa. Uma ihlotshisiwe, inhloko yomndeni ilondoloza ngokucophelela insikazi kanye ne-clutch, futhi bobabili abazali banakekela inzalo. 
Manje nje amatshitshi athitshiwe bakwazi ukuphuma ngokushesha esidlekeni bese bedla lokho abakuthola khona. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuqothula, behlela emanzini, bebuyela esidlekeni sabazali ebusuku. Ngezinye izikhathi izinkukhu ezincane zikhuphukela kumuntu omdala ngaphansi kwephiko bese zihamba emanzini. Izinkukhu zikhula futhi zivuthiwe kancane, nabazali bazo zihlala kuze kube unyaka. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-3, ama-swans asevele akwazi ukuhamba.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ngezinyoni ezingavamile: izinkukhu zasendle, ama-pheasants (amhlophe, ubukhosi, igolide, i-long-eyred), i-Himalayan monal, i-peacock, i-nandu, i-emu, intshe, i-pigeon, i-mandarin duck.
Usayizi nesimo sokulondoloza
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX-XX kulo lonke elaseYurophu, iS Swan Mute yayizingelwa ngamandla, ngakho-ke inani labo lahla kakhulu. Ngo-1960, ukuzingelwa kwezinyoni kwakungavinjelwe, ngenxa yokuthi izinombolo zabo zaqala ukukhula, futhi okwamanje asikho usongo lokuqothulwa. Kuze kube manje, inani lezinyoni lifinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-500. Esikhathini esidlule, i-swan eyimungulu ibhalwe ohlwini e-Red Book yaseRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus (okwamanje ingabandakanywa), iRiphabhlikhi yaseBashkortostan nezinye izindawo zaseRussia Federation. Emkhakheni waseRussia ukuzingela ama-swans osimungulu avunyelwe.
Kubalulekile! Izinsimbi ezihamba phambili zokudoba, imishini emikhulu, izitshuluzi ziyingozi enkulu kulezi zinhlobo. Zithinteka kakhulu ukungcola kwamanzi, ukwakha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni izindawo ezifanele ukuzaliswa kwe-spike.
Ividiyo: Thulisa ama-Swans
Izinyoni ezinhle nezinhlekazi esizicabangayo zidinga isimo sengqondo sokucophelela nokuqapha. Manje kaningi, lezi zinhlayiya zakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi zigcinwa njengenyoni ehlobisayo epulazini elizimele elinokufinyelela emanzini. Le nyoni iyabamba ngokuthula ngaphandle kokubonisa ukwesaba noma ukuhlukumezeka - yingakho lezi zinhlanzi ziye zaba izakhamuzi ezihlala njalo emanzini amadolobha.
