Umthombo kungenye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokukhiqiza amanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuvumela abanikazi bezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuba bazuze kabili: ukuthola amanzi osezingeni eliphakeme nokonga izindleko zezimali. Ngemuva kokumba umthombo, kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kepha umgodi omncane emhlabathini awukwazi ukusebenza njengomthombo wamanzi ogcwele; ukuhlomisa kuphela amanzi kusivumela ukuthi senze umswakama onikeza impilo ulungele ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa.
Ukukhetha imishini edingekayo
Ngemuva kokumba umthombo wamanzi, ungaqala ukuwuhlomisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki, kuyadingeka ukufaka imishini ekhethekile, efaka: i-caisson, iphampu, isinqangi se-hydraulic nekhanda lomthombo.
Ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yamanzi ezweni ngokuvamile kuyafana, umehluko ungaba kuphela ekukhetheni nasekufakweni kwezinto ngakunye
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuhlelwa komthombo, kubalulekile ukukhetha kahle izakhi zokwakheka ukuze zivikeleke ngokuzayo ekuhluphekeni okungadingekile kanye nezindleko zokulungisa imishini ebizayo.
Ukuqokwa kwe-caisson
ICaisson ingenye yezinto eziphambili zokuhleleka kwalolu hlelo. Ngaphandle kufana nomgqomo, isitsha esingangenisi manzi senzelwe ukuvikela amanzi ohlelweni lokungena ekuqandeni nasekuxubeni namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ngomklamo ovaliwe, ungahlela imishini ezenzakalelayo, izihlungi zokuhlanza, ithangi le-membrane, ukushintshwa kwengcindezi, izingcindezi zokucindezela nezinye izinto, ngaleyo ndlela ukhulule izikhala zokuhlala kumayunithi namadivayisi angadingekile. I-caisson, njengomthetho, ifakwe intambo ngesivimbo esilingana kahle.
Amaconsi enziwe ngezinsimbi ezimelana nokugqwala - insimbi engagqwali ne-aluminium, noma ngeplastiki, engatholi ukubola nezinye izinqubo zokubhubhisa
Iphampu engaphansi
Ukuze umthombo wakho ukhonze kahle emashumini ambalwa eminyaka alandelayo, kufanele ukhethe kahle ipompo engaphansi.
Ukukhethwa komkhiqizo kuncike ekusebenzeni kwawo nasekucindezelweni okukhulu. Kuze kube manje, amaphampu athandwa kakhulu ngabakhiqizi baseYurophu, ngokwesibonelo: IGrundfos, i-Water Technics Inc
Ekubaleni, njengomphumela lapho kunqunywa khona amapharamitha womkhiqizo, ububanzi nobubanzi bomthombo, ubude bamapayipi amanzi, izinga lokugeleza kwesiqalo kusuka kuwo wonke amaphuzu wokuxhuma kuyabhekwa.
Ukusebenza okuzinzile kohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, kuyadingeka ukugcina ingcindezi yokusebenza ebangeni lisuka ku-1.5 liye ku-3 atm., Elilingana nekholomu yamanzi engama-30 m.
Umsizi
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-kukusanya isabelomali ukugcina nokushintsha kahle umfutho we-fluid ohlelweni lokungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithangi lihlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa okuncane kwamanzi futhi livikelekile ngesando samanzi. Amadivayisi ahluka kuphela ngevolumu yamanzi aqukethe, esukela kumalitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-1000.
Kwindlu encane yezwe enama-cranes ayi-3-5, kwanele ukufaka ithangi le-hydraulic elinomthamo wamalitha angama-50
Wellhead
Ukufaka inhloko kukuvumela ukuthi uvikele kahle ukungcoliswa imfucumfucu nokudonsa amanzi. Umklamo womthombo wokuvala uphawu kuhloswe futhi ukwenza lula ukusebenza komthombo wezobuchwepheshe, futhi ikakhulukazi ukumiswa kwephampu.
Ikhanda lingenziwa zombili ipulasitiki kanye ne-iron iron. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki iyakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo omisiwe, isisindo sawo esingeqi i-200 kg, ne-pig-iron - 500 kg
Izigaba eziphambili zokuhlelwa komthombo
Abanini bemizi abangenaso isikhathi esanele, ulwazi kanye namakhono okuqonda izinhlelo zokuxhumana bangahlala bephathisa lo msebenzi owenziwayo ochwepheshe.
Izingcweti ezinekhono kakhulu zizokwenza konke ngokwazo. Kodwa noma ngabe othile ezokwenza wonke umsebenzi ngawe, kuzodingeka uhlole konke. Ngakho-ke, inhlangano yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngokuzimela yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana.
Ukufakwa kwe-caisson
Ukufaka i-caisson, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela umgodi, okufanele wembiwe uzungeze umthombo kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1,8-2. Ubukhulu bomgodi bunqunywa ngobukhulu bethangi, ngokwesilinganiso, ububanzi bayo bungamamitha ayi-1.5. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgodi oyisisekelo kufanele wakheke, phakathi kwawo okukhishwa kuwo kuphume.
Uma umgodi ugcwele amanzi asemhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukwenza ikhefu elingezelelwe ukuze uwakhiphe ngesikhathi.
Phansi kwekhokhonithi uqobo, kuyadingeka ukusika umgodi olingana nobubanzi be-casing yokufakelwa. I-caisson elungiselelwe ingakwehliselwa emgodini, ikubeke maphakathi nomthombo omuhle. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-casing inganqunywa futhi ihlanganiswe kuze ku-phansi kwekhokhisi ngu-welding kagesi.
Kuyadingeka ukunamathisela ipayipi lokuphuma kwamanzi kanye nentambo kagesi esakhiweni esihlanganisiwe. I-caisson embozwe ungqimba lomhlabathi: isembozo kuphela esisebenza njengokungena kwesakhiwo okufanele sihlale ngaphezu komphezulu.
AmaCisisson afakwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqandeka kwenhlabathi futhi afakwe ngaphezulu: isitebhisi, ithangi lokugcina, amaphampu, ama-compressors namanye amadivaysi asebenzayo okuphakamisa amanzi
Ukufakwa kwephampu engaphansi
Ngaphandle kokuthi inqubo yokufaka yephampu ngokwayo ilula impela, kuyadingeka ukubheka amanye ama-nuances ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwayo:
- Ngaphambi kokufaka iphampu, hlanzisisa kahle umpompo wamanzi kuze kube yilapho amanzi eyeka ukukhiqiza udaka ngendlela yesihlabathi nezinye izinhlayiya;
- iphampu ibekwa emthonjeni ukuze ingafinyeleli kumitha eyi-1 kuya ezansi komthombo, ngenkathi icwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini;
- ngokuhambisana nokufakwa kwephampu, kufakwa ipayipi lepulasitiki (amanzi afakwa emfuleni), nentambo (ukulawula ukusebenza kwephampu motor);
- umshini wokuvikela i-valve ne-valve engabuyisi ibekwa ngemuva kokufakwa kokuqala kwephampu;
- ngemuva kokufaka uhlelo, kuyadingeka ukulawula ingcindezi ethangini ngaleyondlela, kufanele kube yi-0.9 yengcindezi lapho ivuliwe;
- intambo isembozo esifakwe kuso isembozo sekhanda kufanele senziwe ngensimbi engenasici noma ibe ne-braid engavikeleki amanzi.
Ngemuva kokufaka iphampu, ungafaka ikhanda, elifaka uphawu futhi livikele nomthombo.
Ukufakwa kwe-Accumulator
Akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki ngaphandle kokufaka i-hydraulic Samuweli.
I-accumator ingafakwa ku-caisson uqobo nasengaphansi kwesakhiwo
Umgomo wokusebenza kohlelo ulula impela - ngemuva kokuvula ipompo, ithangi elingenalutho ligcwele amanzi. Uma uvula umpompi endlini, amanzi angena kuwo aqhamuka ku-kukusanya, hhayi ngokuqondile emthonjeni. Lapho amanzi esetshenziswa, ipompo ivele ibuye ibuye iphompoze amanzi ethangini.
Ukufakwa kwethangi ohlelweni lobunjiniyela kumele kwenziwe, kushiye ukufinyelela kwamahhala kokulungiswa noma ukufakwa esikhundleni esizayo. Endaweni yokufakwa kwethangi, endaweni yokuhamba kwamanzi, kufanele kunikezwe i-valve yokuhlola. Ngaphambi nangemva kokubeka ithangi, kufakwa i-valve yokuhambisa amanzi ukudonsa amanzi. Ukuvikela isamba nge-ruble seal kuzonciphisa ukudlidliza.
