Njalo ngonyaka, ngokusebenzisa imizamo yabalimi, izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ziyavela.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi siko sesaziwa isintu iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, sihlala sithembela njengasekuqaleni.
Phela, intshiseko yabathandi bezithelo zomvini abathandekayo, futhi bayichitha sonke isikhathi sabo samahhala ukuze benze izinhlobo ezahlukene zomvini eziphelele kakhulu.
Omunye wabalimi abanjengo-amateur ngu-EG Pavlovsky.
Futhi namhlanje sizokutshela kwenye yezinhlobonhlobo zayo zamagilebhisi ezintsha, esezivele zakwazi ukunqoba uthando lwabaningi.
Kuyoba ngamagilebhisi "Rochefort" kanye nemithetho yokutshala nokunakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinhle.
Izici ze-varietal zikaRochefort: izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemagilebhisi
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavela ezivini ezizimele zakwaYe.G. Pavlovsky, owasebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi e-Talisman njengezindlela zabazali "Rochefort", eziwela ngezolimo ezinhlobonhlobo ngexube lamafomu omvini waseYurophu-Amur okuthiwa "iKhadidi". Umphumela waba yizinhlobonhlobo ezinamathela amagilebhisi, okungafuneki ukunakekelwa kumlimi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhluma kwayo okuhle, "iRochefort" itholakala ezindaweni ezizimele zabathandi bezithelo zomvini njengoJe.G. Pavlovsky ngokwakhe.
Izici ezihlukile kanye nezici eziyinhloko zamabhodlela aseRochefort amagilebhisi
Inendima ebalulekile ekuhloliseni ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi ngamunye ubukhulu bamaqoqo ayo kanye nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo.
Endabeni yomvini waseRochefort, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngakho, ngoba zonke izici zayo ziphakeme.
Ikakhulukazi, amaqoqo ayo amakhulu ngobukhulu futhi anesisindo ngokulinganiselwa ngo-0.5-0.9 kilogram. Ukubukeka kwabo kunengqondo kakhulu, amajikijolo afakwa ngokuqinile, anesimo se-conical.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, ikhwalithi yesethulo salezi ziqoqo cishe ngu-100%, okwenza kube uphawu lwezinye izinhlobo. Isici esihlukile samagilebhisi wezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe okokuqala umbala wazo. Ingahluka kusuka ebomvu obumnyama ibe yilabo abomvu obomvu, futhi ngisho nomnyama, lapho kuvuna okungaphezulu.
Ukuma amajikijolo nakho kuyathakazelisa: kukhona nxazonke, kodwa kancane kancane kufakwe ezinhlangothini. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bamajikijolo bunesi-2.8x2.6, ngobuningi bama-7-9 amagremu. Ngokulima okuhle, amajikijolo ngabanye angafinyelela isisindo segremu ayi-12.
Ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi akwaRochefort kuvumelana, kuvuthwe ngiphunga elimnandi nelomnandi lokudla. Inyama enomzimba neyethwele inikeza ukulungiswa okukhethekile kumnandi. Isikhumba asiphazamisi ukunambitheka, nakuba kulesi silasi kungcono kakhulu.
Mayelana nobumnandi bamagilebhisi kungagwetshwa ngamaphesenti okuqoqa ushukela, okuyi-14-15%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-acidity yamajikijolo isesitezingeni esincane kakhulu - 4-5 g / l.
Okukhethekile kwesikhathi sokuhluma nokuvuthwa
Naphezu kwakho konke ubuhle bamagilebhisi kanye nokunambitheka kakhulu amajikijolo, isivuno salawo amagilebhisi silinganiso, futhi eminyakeni engavamile ukukhathazeka kakhulu.
Ngokuyinhloko, inani lezitshalo ezingahle liqoqwe esihlahleni esisodwa esisodwa semagilebhisi kulezi zihlukahlukene yi-4-7 kilogram. Noma kunjalo, kunezinzuzo ezanele kulo magazini.
Ikakhulukazi, umvini waseRochefort ungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zakuqala zamagilebhisi ezinombala onombala omnyama. Izimila zasemahlathini zenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ekupheleni kokuvuthwa okugcwele kwamagilebhisi ngezinsuku ezingu-105-110.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivuthwa ngisho nezinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kwalokho "umzali" wazo, izihlobo ezihlukahlukene zeCardinal, cishe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti. Inzuzo enkulu yiqiniso lokuthi isihlahla siqala ukuqhuma kuphela ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngakho-ke, amaqhwa entwasahlobo ayesabekayo ekuvuneni.
Ngokuvamile, i-shrub ihlelwe kahle ukuze ikhule, ngoba ine-shrub ekhulayo kakhulu nezimbali zobungqingili.
Ngakho-ke, iphelele impova ngaphandle kosizo futhi ikwazi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi isisindo esivuneni. Umthwalo omkhulu wehlathi elilodwa "Rochefort" - amehlo angu-30-35.
Amahlumela esihlahla ayavuthwa kahle kakhulu: ngesikhatsi sokudubula amamitha angu-1,35, 2/3 ubude bawo bude. Lapho ikhefu elidayiswayo kuphela u-22-14 amahlumela nge-shrub (uma kunendawo eyanele yokunikezwa).
Okuncane mayelana nokufaneleka kwamagilebhisi "Rochefort": kungani kubaluleka futhi kuthandwa?
Abaningi bewayini bezokwelapha bavuma ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingenye yezinto ezifanele kakhulu: izici ezinjalo, ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwesitshalo nokumelana okuphakeme kakhulu kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ngombala wesikhumba omnyama.
Ngokuyinhloko, kufanele futhi uqaphele izinzuzo ezilandelayo zezinhlobonhlobo zeDrochefort zamagilebhisi:
- Ukuba khona kwembali yocansi kunganikezeli impova emihle kanye nokuzinza kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi ukungabi khona kwama-berries we-pea.
- 100% ukuthengiswa nokufaneleka okuhle kwezithelo zokuhamba.
- Izithelo azigcinanga kahle isikhathi eside, ngemuva kokunqunywa ehlathini.
- Kukhona ukumelana okuphakeme kakhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo ukuze kunqotshwe izifo ezinjalo zezifo zezivini njenge-mildew kanye ne-oidium (kodwa umvini udinga ukupompela noma kunjalo).
- Inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo ukulula kokukhiqiza kwayo, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuqothulwa okuhle kwe-cuttings.
- UBush cishe wayengesabi amazinga okushisa ebusika. Umvini wakhe ongakavaliwe wahlala engakahleleki ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ku -23ºะก. Uma ukhulile ebhodini eliphakathi kudinga ukufihla.
- Izinhlobonhlobo akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni, ngakho ngaphandle kokuqapha ngokucophelela nokugqoka njalo kuyoveza izithelo kahle, okuyizinto ezithandwa kakhulu ngabathandi abaningi.
Cons Rochefort "amagilebhisi: okudingayo ukuthembela ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele
Naphezu kokuphikisana okukhulu kakhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo, kunomthelela omkhulu ekufakeni i-phylloxera. Kule ndaba, kungcono ukusakaza ngokugoma izimpande zezinye izinhlobo ezingahambisani nale nkathazo kanye nama-parasite.
Iqiniso liwukuthi uma i-phylloxera ihlasela isimiso sezihlahla, ngeke kube nzima ukuyiqeda, futhi kwezinye izimo kufanele ngisho nokususa sonke isihlahla. Futhi, isihlahla semagilebhisi kakhulu besaba amakhaza ngemimoyaokuyingozi kakhulu kuye ngesikhathi sezimbali.
Umonakalo omkhulu ongakwenza ungakunqanda ngokuphelele ukuvunwa, ulethe zonke izimbali kanye nama-inflorescences amagilebhisi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungcono ukukhulisa lezi ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni ezingenamoya, noma zivikelwe kuzo izakhiwo noma izindlu.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezivini ezinhle zewayini.
Siqala ukutshala amagilebhisi eRochefort esiqhingini sethu
Uma usuzinikele engadini isikhathi eside noma nje uthande ukucubungula nokukhula okuthile emhlabathini, khona-ke ukutshala kwamagilebhisi ngeke kubonakale kunjengeyodwa into enzima kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, into esemqoka ngisho nokuqonda ukuthi zonke izici zale nqubo, ke ukuzijwayeza kuzobonakala sengathi kuyindawo evamile.
Ukuze sikulungiselele kahle lokhu, sichaza konke ukutshala kwesihlahla samavini kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza amagilebhisi: khetha okukhethwa kukho okukhethwa kukho
Uma sicabanga ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokutshala umvini, zonke zazo zisebenza ngokulinganayo futhi zilula. Kodwa, ukuhlukahluka ngalunye kungase kube nezinye izici zayo, ngokuphathelene nokuthi iyiphi indlela noma enye indlela ingase ingafaneleki ngayo. Izithelo zomvini zanda:
- Ukutshala izithombo ngezimpande zabo.
- Ukuqoqa isitshalo se-varietal esitokisini esinezinkuni eziningi.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwehlathini lamagilebhisi ngosizo lwamathinta.
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamagilebhisi.
Ukuxoxa ngezici zokutshala amagilebhisi "Rochefort" ungakhohlwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala ikakhulukazi ekunqothulweni kwe-phylloxera. Kulokhu, ukutshala ngezimpande zawo kungase kube "umphumela" obulalayo. Ngakho-ke, indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokukhiqizwa kwalesi sivinini ukuhlanganisa ama-stocks azinzile kakhulu. Ukugoma okunjalo kungenziwa ezitsheni, ezingathengwa kalula kuma-nurseries akhethekile.
Kodwa, uma kusayithi lakho kukhona isihlahla esidala samagilebhisi, oye wafuna ukusibuyisela emuva kwenye, ukhululeke ukutshala iRochefort futhi ujabulele isivuno esihle.
I-Rochefort yamagilebhisi ikhula kuphi ?: Izindlela eziyinhloko nezidingo
Njengawaphi amagilebhisi esiwachazayo ibanga lishisa kakhulu. Kumelwe itshalwe kuphela ezindaweni ezinobumnyama futhi ezingenasithunzi. Uma kungenjalo, isihlahla sizokhula kahle, kanti izitshalo eziningi kanye nesikhathi esifanele sokuvuthwa kwazo kuzodingeka sikhohlwe ngokuphelele.
Sesivele sisho ukuthi "i-Rochefort" ayinakulinganisela kakhulu ngemimoya eqinile, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuhluka okuhamba phambili kunendawo evikelekile engxenyeni eningizimu yendlu (noma okungenani eningizimu-ntshonalanga). Ngakho-ke, indlu noma ezinye izakhiwo zizovikela njengemimoya yasenyakatho futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungaba usizo oluhle lokususa amahlumela omvini.
Kubalulekile futhi lapho utshala amagilebhisi ukucabangela ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla eziningana. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba sichitha amathuba okuthungana ngamatshe.
Izihlahla ezinamandla, eziyizinto ezihlukahlukene ezichazwayo, zihlongozwa kahle ekude okungenani ngamamitha amabili ukusuka komunye nomunye, nakuba ungadlulela ngo-4. Ngenxa yalokhu, isihlahla ngeke sibe nesithuba esiningi sokusika, kodwa futhi "siphume" izakhi ezivela inhlabathi.
Ngendlela, inhlabathi akufanele ikhohlwe noma. Naphezu kokuthi lesi sitshalo asithandi ngokujwayelekile, inhlabathi yokukhula kwayo kumele ibe neqhwa. Kungcono ukuthatha umhlabathi okhanyayo owenza kalula umswakama, kodwa ungabambeli isikhathi eside phakathi kwabo. Ungakhohlwa lokho Uhlelo lwezithelo zamagilebhisi lunamandla kakhuluNgakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isayithi lokufika, cabangela izinga lemvelo engaphansi komhlaba. Ukujula okukhulu kunamamitha angu-2-2.5.
Okuncane mayelana naleso sikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi "Rochefort"
Imigomo yokutshala amagilebhisi ingatjhelwa khulu. Ekuqaleni, konke kuzoxhomeka endleleni yokufika, futhi okwesibili - ngenkathi.
Entwasahlobo, izithombo zamagilebhisi, ezigcinwe kusukela ekwindla, zitshalwe ekufikeni kokushisa kokuqala (nakuba kufanele zihlanganiswe isikhathi sokujwayela). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganisa ama-cuttings kungenziwa kumasheya aselele. Ngokuvamile, izenzo ezinjalo zingenziwa ngosuku olulandelayo, kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Kodwa ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi ezikhulile kusuka ezicutheni futhi zibe namahlumela aluhlaza, kuyadingeka kuphela emva kokuqala kwalokhu nokushisa okuzinzile. Ngokuvamile bayakwenza ngisho nasekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn akukhuliswa kakhulu ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile kubanjwe maphakathi no-Okthoba (noma kancane kancane / ngaphambili, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu esifundeni sakho). Futhi, kufaneleka ukunaka ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kokutshala kwekwindla: ngalesi sikhathi, izinto zokutshala zilungisiwe, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuba zihlanyele ngokushesha futhi zitshale emhlabathini, kunokuba zigcinwe kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Yiqiniso, abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngokuthi bangakwazi ukuqeda isihlahla ebusika, kodwa uma kuhlanganiswe kahle, ukukhathazeka okunjalo kuyoba yize.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi "Rochefort" ngezimpande zabo ngokusiza izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala amagilebhisi ngale ndlela, kufanele nakanjani uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho inambuzane ye-phylloxera emhlabathini. Uma isifo esinjalo sibonisiwe, inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela futhi ishiywe yinyumba iminyaka eminingana. Kuphela emva kwalokhu kudingekile ukuqala ukulungiselela imbobo yokuthungatha:
- Ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ukuze umanyolo usebenzise kuwo ungaphumelela.
- Ububanzi nobubanzi bomgodi - amasentimitha angu-80.
- Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enhle evundile kanye namabhakede amabili ama-humus awela phansi.
- Enye ingqimba yenhlabathi elula ibeke phezu kwamanyolo, ngoba ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwamanyolo kungalimaza uhlelo lwempande.
- Umgodi ushiywe amasonto ambalwa kuphela.
Ngemuva kokuthi umgodi usukulungele, ungaqhubeka nokukhethwa kwezitshalo. Ukuze ukuthenga kwakho kube kuhle, qaphela uhlelo lwempande: kufanele libe nezimpande ezimhlophe nezingonakali. Iqiniso lokuthi isitsha sesimiso sinempilo futhi asimisiwe sizoboniswa umbala oluhlaza we-cut.
Ukutshala isithombo ukuthi kufakwa emgodini kuze kube sezingeni lempande yayo empande futhi kancane kancane igcwale inhlabathi. Ingxenye yale nqubo ungadlulisela ibhakede lamanzi emgodini, okuzobekwa uphawu emhlabathini, kungashiyi izikhala ngezikhwama zomoya.
Eduze namagilebhisi kubalulekile ukushayela i-prop. Inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ezitshaliwe kumele zifakwe ngobuningi futhi kumele zihlanganiswe.
Izici zokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings "iRochefort" kuya empande
Ukutshala ama-cuttings kuma-rootstocks kulula futhi kuphumelele, ngoba izitshalo zeRochefort zisekelwe ngokushesha futhi kahle. Zivunwa ngokuvamile ekwindla. Ukusika ama-cuttings amade akudingekile, kuyokwanela izimbobo ezingu-2-3. Ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu, ingxenye ephansi inqunywe kusuka emaceleni amabili futhi wehla emanzini isikhathi esithile.
Uma uzohlwanyela ukusika isikhathi sasebusika, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukuyibeka, okuzovumela umswakama ukuba ugcinwe isikhathi eside.
Ukulungiswa kwesitoko ngokwayo kuyinkqubo elula kakhulu. Iqukethe ekususeni isihlahla esidala, emva kwalokho ukusika ngisho namapentimitha angu-10 ekuphakameni kusele.
Ubuningi bomhlaba buhlanjululwa ngokucophelela, ususa yonke imfucuza kanye nenhlabathi. Owona onomthwalo wemfanelo ukwenza ukwehlukaniswa okungajulile phakathi kwesitoko, lapho ukusika kukhonjiswe khona ngengxenye yayo enqunyiwe. Emva kwalokho Isimpande kufanele sibe nesigqinsi senziwe ngendwangu noma intambo, ehlanganiswe nobumba obumanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinyathelo ezifana nezitshalo ezitshala kuphela.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele komvini: izincomo ezimfushane
- Lesi siko sidinga umswakama okuningi. Ngako-ke, ngesikhathi sokungena esihlahleni phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ngaphambi kokusakaza futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukuvuna okuzayo, amagilebhisi kumele anisele. Ukunisela kuyadingeka ngezikhathi zesomiso.
- Emva kokunisela ngamunye inhlabathi ihlanganiswe: 3-4 amentimitha we-moss noma i-sawdust.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamagilebhisi - isivuno esiphumelelayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlakulela isihlahla ngezindaba eziphilayo, umanyolo we-potash-phosphorus ne-nitrogen.
- Ukuze sikhuthaze ukwakheka nokukhula kwezithelo, ukusika izihlahla zomvini kwenziwa njalo ngonyaka ngamehlo ayi-6-8.
- Ebusika, amahlumela amagilebhisi kufanele afihle, ikakhulukazi esemncane.
- Izipulisi zokuvimbela izifo ze-fungal zenziwa minyaka yonke, izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye.
