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Indlela yokuhambisa izinkomo

Emakethe yezolimo yanamuhla, indaba yokuhweba akuyona kuphela imikhiqizo yobisi nemfuyo yezinkomo, kodwa futhi nezilwane ngokwazo. Ngakho-ke, imfuyo ibuyekeziwe futhi ikhethiwe. Ukuze kuthunyelwe isisindo esibukhoma zonke izinhlobo zokuthutha zisetshenzisiwe, noma kunjalo, ukuze izithuthi ziphumelele futhi zenziwe ngokomthetho, kubalulekile ukucabangela imithetho eminingi.

Imithetho yokuthutha izinkomo

Izinqubo zokuthutha isisindo esibukhoma zilawulwa yizenzo zomthetho ezikhethekile, izinqubo zazo ezidingekayo zokubulawa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga lokuthutha kwezilwane.

Kubalulekile! Ukuthutha izinkomo kudingekile ukuhlinzeka ngaphakathi emotweni isembozo esingekho esisheshayo nesisindo somhlabathi.

Iyalayisha

Ukuqala kwalesi nqubo ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ngumhlengikazi wezilwane, ekugcineni lapho kukhishwa imvume yokuthutha. Uma uthola idokhumenti yokululeka, ungaqhubeka ngokuqondile ukulayisha imfuyo ngokwayo:

  1. Ngalokhu, ukulayishwa okukhethekile nokulayisha amadivaysi (isiteji, ipulatifomu, amabhuloho, izinyathelo, ama-scaffolds) asetshenziswa, lapho izinkomo nezinkunzi eziqhutshwa khona ekuthuthweni. Kubalulekile ukuthi imishini eyengeziwe yanciphisa ukulimala kanye nokuphunyuka kwemfuyo. Kanti futhi ngokuphathelene ne-disinfection yizinto ezivela kuyo.
  2. Ngaphambi kokulayisha, konke okudingekayo ukuze kududuzwe izilwane kulungiselelwe: basakaze udoti kanye nekhwalithi ephakeme phansi, benze amanzi uma kudingeka, futhi bawugcobe umzimba ngomshini wokukhipha isisindo noma i-tarpaulin ukuwuvikela kusukela elangeni phezulu. Ebusika, bafaka ukushisa okungaphezulu nokukhanyisa.
  3. Ngaphakathi kufanele uhlomise izitayela ezihlukene kanye nezindawo zokuqashisa.

  4. Ukuze ugweme ngokweqile kunconywa ukubeka izinkomo ngokulinganayo. Ukungayinaki le mithetho kuvame ukuholela ezimweni eziphuthumayo emgwaqeni.
  5. Abantu abadala kufanele baboshwe ikhanda phambili. Futhi inhlanzi encane ivunyelwe ukuba ihanjiswe ngaphandle kwe-leash, noma kunjalo, emotweni, kufanele kube khona isikhala esanele kuwo wonke umuntu, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukulala phansi.
  6. Ezimweni lapho ukulayisha noma ukulayishwa kwemfuyo kuthatha amahora angaphezu kwama-4, uhlangothi lokuthumela noma olutholayo kufanele lunikeze ukuchelela, ukudla, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-vet.
Kubalulekile! Ezimweni zokuhamba ngokuhlanganyela nezilwane zezinye izimpahla, ukubekwa kwazo kuhlelwe ngendlela yokukhipha ukulimala nokucindezeleka kwezinkomo. Emagumbini nemfuyo ayinqatshelwe ukubeka izinto ezingathinta izilwane kabi.

Ukuthutha

Noma yikuphi ukuhamba ngezinkomo kuhambisana nokucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi izinkomo ezikhulelwe. Ukunyakaza okuphuthumayo nokuzibamba ezimotweni ezingekho emgodini wezokuthutha kwezimpahla kungabangela ubuso, ukulimala nokuhlaselwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukugwema lemiphumela engavumelekile, umthetho wamanje ulawula inqubo elandelayo yokuthutha izinkomo:

  1. Uma uhambo luhlala emahoreni angaphansi kuka-6, imfuyo ayikwazi ukudla. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, emva kwesikhathi esithile esithile, kubalulekile ukuthatha ikhefu ukuze amanzi bese ukondla imfuyo, kanye nokuhlanza isikhala sangaphakathi sezinkomo.
  2. Phakathi nedrayivu awukwazi ukwenza i-jerks ngokuzumayo, uphenduke noma udlule ijubane.
  3. Izithuthi kumele zenziwe ngosizo lwabasebenzi abathintekayo. Okungukuthi lapho lo othwalayo enza imisebenzi yomuntu ohambisana naye, kanye nalapho umthumeli ehlinzekele ukunakekelwa kwemfuyo ehamba ngezinyawo. Ngokweziqondiso, izilwane ezithunyelwa ezitsheni ezivaliwe kahle, lapho ukudla nokuphuza kunikezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe okuphindwe kabili kunezidingo ezihleliwe, akudingeki ukuba uhambisane.
  4. Ngaphambi kokuqala kohambo, kubalulekile ukuvumela izidalwa eziphilayo ukuba zijwayele izimo ezintsha.
  5. Ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuthutha, kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela umoya wokuphumula, ngokubheka isimo sezulu, izici zonyaka, inani lemfuyo kanye nohlobo lwayo.
  6. Ukudla ezimotweni kufanele kugcinwe ezihlukile ezilwaneni. Uma kufanele uhambe emadolobheni amancane emzimbeni ovulekile, izinhlinzeko zenkomo zisadingeka zihlanganiswe ngendwangu.
  7. Kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa ama-painkillers ezilwaneni ezikwazi ukuhamba. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa lapho ukujola okunjalo kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe isimo semfuyo. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa kungaba kuphela ochwepheshe kusukela emkhakheni wezokwelapha.
  8. Uma izinkomo zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo ngezigaba nezinhlobo zezinhlobo, futhi kukhona izinkunzi ezindala nabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili emhlambini wezinkomo, ezokuthutha zenziwa ngokuhlukana kwazo. Akwamukeleki futhi ukuthi kwisitsha esisodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona abantu abakhululekile kanye ne-leash.
  9. Uma kwenzeka ukutholakala kwesifo noma ukufa kwezilwane ngesikhathi sokuhamba, umuntu ohambisana naye kufanele azise ngokushesha umphathi wesigameko ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwabagulayo. Abantu abanjalo banikezwa ukunakekelwa kokuqala kwezilwane. Uma kunesidingo, ukufa kungakwenzeka, kucatshangelwa izinhlinzeko zesigatshana 17 soMthetho we-Ukraine "Ekuvikelweni kwezilwane ngokuziphatha okubi".
  10. Uma enye yezinkomo ifa phakathi nohambo, udokotela wezilwane kufanele athole izizathu futhi ancoma ukuhlukanisa izilwane ezisele.
  11. Ngokweziphakamiso zezobuchwepheshe bezilwane, ukuhlukaniswa kwemfuyo, okungesizathu esithile engasakwazi ukuhamba ngokuhamba phambili, kwenziwa endaweni yokuma eseduzane.
  12. Ngaphakathi kwemoto yokuthutha, imfuyo kufanele ibekwe ngendlela ehambisana nabasebenzi kungadlulela phakathi kwabo, ukuqapha isimo sabo sempilo.
Uyazi? AmaSlav asezikhathini zasendulo ayekhulekela izinkomo njengesibonakaliso sokuzala, futhi izinkunzi zazo zaziyiziqu zobuningi namandla.

Ukulayishwa

Uma usuhambe ibanga elidingekile, isithwala sezinkomo, lapho usikhulula, kufanele ucabangele lezi zincomo ezilandelayo:

  1. Inqubo yokulayishwa kufanele yenziwe ngezimo ezinhle zokukhanyisa besebenzisa ipulatifomu ekhethekile.
  2. Ngesikhathi sokuhoxiswa kweziqukathi zokuthutha izimfuyo kufanele kufakwe endaweni ebonakalayo, kukhishwe amathuba okwehliswa okukhulu, ukuqhuma noma ukuqhubekela phambili. Iziqukathi ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-50 kg, zihlomisa inombolo edingekayo yokuqinisa.
  3. Akunqatshelwe ukulimaza, ukubashaya, ukucindezela izindawo ngokuzwela okukhulu, nokufaka izinkomo ngokufaka izindlela zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuhoxiswa kwezilwane ekuthuthweni.
  4. Ngeke ukwazi ukudonsa izinkomo nezinkunzi ngezimpondo, ikhanda, izindlebe, izitho, umsila noma isikhumba.
  5. Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa izinaliti, ama-spikes nanoma yimaphi amanye amadivaysi lapho ukhulula imfuyo.
  6. Kusho umsebenzi wokushisa kagesi osetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezibandakanya izinkomo ezikhulile ezenqaba ukuhamba. Kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona isikhala samahhala ngaphambi kwezinkabi. Abahlengikazi bezilwane bayeluleka umthelela wezinto ezinjalo ukuqondisa emisipha yomhlane, ukunciphisa umphumela wabo kumzuzwana owodwa. Endabeni uma isilwane singasabeki ngenkani, kusetshenziswe ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
Kubalulekile! Okulandelayo kubhekwa ukuthi akufanelekile ukuhamba: izinkomo ezineminyaka engama-10 ubudala, izinsana ezingazange ziphulukiswe intambo yomzimba, izinkomo zomzimba ngesikhathi sokugcina sokukhulelwa, abantu abanezilonda ezivulekile, kanye nabantu abanezimpondo ezithambile.

Izithuthi zokuthutha

Ukuthutha izinkomo ngaphesheya kwemikhumbi emide, kanye nasezindaweni lapho izimo zokuphumula zomhlaba zivimbela umncintiswano, kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa okukhethekile, kanti ukulethwa kwesisindo esiphilayo kungenziwa yomoya, ulwandle, isitimela nemigwaqo emikhulu. Ake sicabangele imininingwane yohlu olulodwa lwezinkomo zokuhamba.

Izimoto zokuthutha (iloli yezinkomo)

Sikhuluma ngezimoto zanamuhla ezigcwele ukuphakama okungenani 100-110 cm, ezihlomele:

  • ukumboza i-awning ukuvikela imfuyo emvula, ilanga elibandayo noma elibandayo;
  • isidumbu esingaqinile esingaphansi kwesiguli (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sonyaka nesimo sezulu siphezulu sinikwe ngendwangu yesobho noma utshani olusha);
  • uhlelo lokuphumula umoya;
  • Ukushisa (okufanele kuphela ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika);
  • ukukhanyisa ngaphakathi;

    • Imfuyo yezimbuzi zobisi ibhekwa njengeYaroslavl, iKholmogory, Jersey, Holstein, isiLatvia esimnyama, i-red, i-Dutch, i-Ayrshire.

  • ukuchelela (ngokuvamile lokhu kuxazululwa ngosizo lwamathangi wangaphakathi kanye nepompi kagesi yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi);
  • uhlelo oluphephile lwezingcingo, izingxenye, ukukhiya kanye nama-latches;
  • ukwakhiwa okunamandla okuqinile (ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezinkomeni ezinqwabelene);
  • ukumaketha okhethekile kwemfuyo, kanye nokubekwa kwayo ngokuqondile;
  • iqoqo lomquba;
  • umnyango ophezulu nesiteji;
  • Izingxenye ezimbili zamamitha-phezulu nezinsimbi zomculo (izipikili ezihambayo nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufakiwe).
  • Amakamelo amaningana (uma kuhlukaniswa izilwane ezigulayo).
Kubalulekile ukuthi izimoto zezinkomo zokuthutha kufanele zihlanzeke futhi zomile, zingenakho iphunga lesithathu. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane zezilwane zidinga ukuguqulwa komzimba ngaphambi komzimba.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amaloli ezinkomo, njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokuthutha, kufanele ahlinzekele izilwane ngokuphepha, abe nekhululekile ukusiza izilwane, futhi angafaki ukubaleka.

Uyazi? Empeni, inkomo ngayinye inephethini eyingqayizivele, njengeminwe yeminwe yomuntu. E-United States of America, lesi sici sezinkomo sisetshenziselwa ukusifuna uma kwenzeka ukulahleka.

Ku-van eyodwa kungabekwa izinkomo ezingaphezu kuka-15 ezikhulile. Bahlanganiswe namakhanda abo phambili, banikeza isikhala sokuqamba amanga. Ukuthutha komgwaqo, ukuhamba okufika ku-250 km kukhethwa. Uma uhambo olulandelayo lufushane, izimoto ezinamapulatifomu asebhodi zingasebenza njengamanye amaloli ezinkomo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuhlomisa ukugcwaliswa kwangaphakathi komzimba ngokuhambisana nemigomo eshiwo ngenhla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthutha, okwakukade kuhilelekile ekuthuthweni kwamakhemikhali anobuthi kanye nemithi enobuthi, akuyona into engafanele njengendlela yokuthutha izinkomo.

Uyazi? Ngesikhathi se-bullfight, i-tovas ebomvu isetshenziselwa ukuheha iso lombukeli, ngoba izinkunzi, njengezinkomo, azihlukanisi imibala. Bashukunyiswa yiqiniso lokugxila kwezinto ezingenakuqondakala phambi kwekhala labo..

Isitimela

Uma kuthunyelwa izinkomo, izitimela ezikhethekile zisetshenzisiwe, izinqola zazo ezihlonywe ngokuhambisana ne-Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine No. 35 kaJuni 18, 2003 "Ngokuvumelana Nemithetho Yokuthuthwa Kwezilwane Ngesitimela". Idokhumenti yokulawula inikeza:

  • indawo yangaphakathi yezinkomo emigqeni emibili ehambisana nokuqondisa kokuhamba (izinhloko kuya enkabeni) noma emgqeni owodwa ngokuphambene nokuhamba kwemoto;
  • ukutholakala kwabathengi nabaphuzi, izibopho, amathangi amanzi kanye nemishini yokuhlanza;
  • ukuhamba kwezitimela ibanga elingadluli 800 km;
  • ukuhlola kuqala imfuyo yokujwayela indlela yokuthutha yokudla (ngokuvamile uqale ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuhamba ngokudlulisela izilwane ekudleni okubili);
  • ukulayishwa nokulayishwa kwesisindo esibukhoma kuphela indlela eguqukayo (eyenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhanya kosuku);
  • ukuba khona kophahla emotweni;
  • ukutholakala kokudla, amanzi kanye nokulala okusha, kubandakanya isitoko;
  • ukubhuka okufanelekile okukhombisa ukuthutha kwesisindo esibukhoma;
  • amavolumu amakhulu emoyeni.
Uyazi? Izinkomo ngokwezinombolo zazo zingezesibili ezincelisayo emva kwabantu. Ezweni kunezinkulungwane eziyi-1.5. Kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America kunenkomo eyodwa kubantu abahlala kuyo, futhi e-Australia lesi sidalwa esiphilayo sinabantu abangaphezu kuka-40% kunabantu.
Imiklamo yezimoto kumele ingabandakanyi ukuthi kungenzeka izinkomo zibalekele futhi zinikeze induduzo edingekayo. Ukufaneleka kwezimoto zokuhamba kunqunywe ochwepheshe besevisi yezilwane. Uma kudingekile ukwakha izitimela noma ukuhamba ngezinqola, othintekayo kufanele athathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvikela imfuyo emotweni yemoto.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-14 izinhloko zezinkomo ezindala, amakhanda angaba ngu-28 esitokisini esincane futhi amakhanda angama-50 amathole amancane angangena enqoleni engu-1. Kodwa-ke, lapho ubeka umhlambi wezokuthutha kuyadingeka ukuba ushiye indawo yokukhululeka.

I-Airy

Ukuthutha okunjalo kwezinkomo nezinkunzi kusetshenziselwa ukushintshaniswa kwemfuyo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokomthetho wamanje, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvunyelwe ukuthutha imfuyo engaphezu kuka-200 emoyeni. Izidingo ezikhethekile zifakwe ngaphakathi kwezimoto:

  1. Izilwane kufanele zihambisane neziqondiso ngokubala kwe-1 umhlahlandlela wezinhlamvu ezingu-20 zemfuyo. Abaqhubi kumele baqaphele ukusabela kwezinkabi kumaconsi okucindezela, ukuziphatha kwabo, kanye nokudla, amanzi, ukuhlanza izitayela nokufaka indawo yecala.
  2. Phakathi kwalabo abasebenza nabo kumele babe ngudokotela wezilwane ngemithi yokondla izilwane eziphuthumayo.
  3. Abaqhubi bayadingeka ukuthi babike umyalo weqembu lazo zonke izigameko ezibuza ukuphepha kwezokuthutha, nokwenza okuqhubekayo ngokuhambisana nemiyalo yayo.
  4. Indiza kufanele ifakwe ngamasentimitha angu-220 cm, ububanzi obuyi-150 cm nokuphakama ngezindonga ezihlanganiswe nezinto zokunciphisa, ngaphandle kwezakhi ezibukhali kanye nezindwangu. Izindonga ezisezingeni nasemaceleni zinamalungiselelo okubhukuda ezindongeni zendlu. Ngezansi kukhona amabhodi kanye ne-rabri egazini, lapho udoti ubeka khona.
  5. Inani lemithombo yamanzi kanye nezondlo, kanye nenkunkuma, kufanele ibalwe ngokusekelwe kokulibaziseka kwezindiza. Endabeni yokulibaziseka kanye nokufika kwezindiza eziphakathi, izilwane azikhiphi kulezindiza.
  6. Ngaphambi kwendiza ngayinye entsha, i-shipping bay kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi ikhutshazwe ngokugcwele.
Uyazi? I-UN ikholelwa ukuthi izinkomo zenza umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni yemvelo kunokuba izimoto nezindiza zithathwe ndawonye. Isikhundla esinjalo sichazwa ngokukhululwa kwamagesi we-artiodal, okuyinto kanye nomquba wezinkomo ophethe i-third of greenhouse methane. Ishisa umhlaba izikhathi ezingu-20 ngokushesha kune-carbon dioxide..

Amanzi

Ngamanzi, izinkunzi nezinkabi zihanjiswa besebenzisa amabhonji anezinhlamvu ezimbili noma ezimbili. Ngesikhathi esisodwa emkhunjini owodwa ungathuthela kuze kube yizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane zezinkomo ezivuthiwe.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezici zokuzalisa uSimmental, Shorthorn, i-Whitehead yase-Kazakh, i-Hereford, ne-Aberdeen-Angus.

Izimoto ezihamba ngamanzi ezihloselwe ukuthutha izilwane kumele zihambisane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

  1. Ngaphambi kokulayisha imfuyo ngayinye entsha ukuze ikwazi ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele.
  2. Zinezikhonkwane ezihlonyelwe ngokukhethekile noma ubambe lapho izinkomo nezinkomo zizohamba khona. Kumelwe kunikezwe umdwebo wesinki 2-2.5 amamitha square. m ububanzi futhi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1.9 m ukuphakama, kanye nabaphuza, abahlinzeki, amanzi, ukudla, ukulala, imishini yokuhlanza.
  3. Zonke izinkomo ezingu-20 kumele zihambisane nomhlahlandlela ongu-1. Uma kwenzeka isifo noma ukulahlekelwa kwemfuyo endleleni, abasebenzi basebenzi kufanele babike ngokushesha lesi sigameko kumphathi wendawo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umkhumbi uguqulela inkambo echwebeni elikude, lapho kunokuhlolwa kwezilwane khona.

Uhlu lwamadokhumenti okuthuthwa kwezinkomo

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwezimoto kanye nebanga elizayo, ukuthuthwa kwezinkomo zomthetho kufanele kubekwe kwiphakheji lezincwadi ezihambisanayo, ezibonisa uhlobo, inani lezilwane ezihanjisiwe, isimo sabo sezempilo, injongo, umzila nokunye okuningi.

Ngaphambi kokuhamba, othintekayo kufanele anakekele ukutholakala kwe:

  • wonke amakhophi e-invoyisi ekhishwe umthumeli;
  • izitifiketi zezilwane (kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ezidingekayo zitholakale) nezitifiketi;
  • izipaki zezilwane zezilwane nezokuhlanza izinkomo;
  • imvume yodokotela wezilwane (okhishwe ngemuva kokuhlola izinkomo);
  • imvume ebhaliwe yoMnyango Wezolimo, kanye namaphepha okuthutha (afanele kuphela lapho kuthengiswa izinkomo ngaphandle);
  • Hlola izimpawu zokuhlola izilwane zezilwane kwisitifiketi sokugunyazwa kokuthutha.
Kubalulekile! Isisindo esibukhoma asivunyelwe ukuthutha uma imibhalo ehambisana nayo igcwele ama-inks ahlukile ngezilungiso, ukubhala ngesandla okungaqondakali futhi okungekho emthethweni, ngaphandle kokunyathelisa, ngaphandle kokubonisa noma ukubonisa ngokugcwele izikhundla zabantu abathintekayo, kanye namasignesha abo.
Ukungaziwa kwemithetho akusilo isizathu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukulungiselela kusengaphambili indlela ezayo. Sithemba ukuthi isihloko sethu sizokusiza emgwaqweni ukudala induduzo efanelekayo izinkomo ezihambayo, ukuqoqa amadokhumenti adingekayo okuhambisana nawo, ukugwema inkinga.

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