Isikhathi esomile singabizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo lokuphumula" noma "ukuphumula" lwenkomo ngenxa yesibopho esiyinhloko sokunikeza ubisi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu ukubeka uphawu lokukhiqiza ubisi oluthe xaxa, ukuzala okuphumelelayo, ukuzalwa kwenzalo enempilo neqinile. Ngakho-ke, izinkomo ezomile zidinga ukunakwa ngisho nakwezinye izikhathi. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokunakekela izilwane kwabafileyo kudla. Sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kokudla kanye nenhlangano yayo efanele ezinkingeni.
Iyini inkathi eyomile nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani izinkomo?
Isikhathi esomile yizinyanga ezimbili zokugcina zokukhulelwa lapho ukugodla khona. Kubantu abahlukene, lesi sikhathi singathatha ezinsukwini ezingu-45 kuya kwezingu-70. Abesifazane abancane noma ababuthakathaka badinga isikhathi esiningi ngaphambi kokuthola. 
Isikhathi esincane esifushane sithinta impilo yenkomo, isimo se-fetus kanye nokukhiqiza ubisi esizayo, futhi isikhathi eside senza umonakalo wezomnotho ekukhiqizeni noma epulazini.
Uyazi? Ngenkathi yokukhulelwa, isibeletho senkomo sikhula izikhathi ezingama-20 futhi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, ubude bayo buba ngu-100 cm.
Ukukhulelwa kwenkomo, kanye nomuntu, kuthatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, kanti izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zokubeletha ukukhulelwa cishe kungabonakali. Kulezinyanga zokugcina ukukhula okukhulayo ekukhuleni kwentombazane kwenzeka - ngalesi sikhathi ithole elizayo liyakwandisa isisindo ngo-75-80%, okwenza umthwalo osindayo ngesilwane ngokwawo.
Ngenkomo eyomile, izinkomo zimisiwe, futhi zonke izakhi ezadalwa ubisi manje ziqondiswa ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni ingane. Isikhathi esomile sihlukaniswe ekuqaleni (izinsuku ezingu-40 zokuqala) futhi sekwephuzile, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokuhamba (cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokukhokha). Izidingo zokudla okunomsoco nezokudla ziyahlukahluka kulezi zingxenye.
Imfuyo enhle kakhulu yezinkomo zobisi ihlanganisa njenge-Yaroslavl, i-Ayrshire, isiteji esibomvu.
Ukubaluleka kokudla okunempilo kwezinkomo ezikhulelwe
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zokugcina, inkomo ichitha izimpahla zayo ezakhiwa izakhi, amaminerali namavithamini. Izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokukhipha, isilwane sesimiso sezilwane sisheshe siphuthumise (amaprotheni, lipid, carbohydrate, kanye namaminerali). 
Ngesikhathi sokukholisa, owesifazane kufanele athole ukudla okwanele - izinyanga ezimbili zezinkuni ezifile, isisindo senkomo kufanele senyuke ngo-10-12%, okungukuthi, ngesisindo sesilwane esingu-550 kg, ngesikhathi sokukholisa, isisindo kufanele sikhule ngo-55-65 kg. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi okufanele akuvumelekile ukuvumela ukukhuluphala kwesilwane!
Izinhlobo zezinkomo ezinhle kakhulu zihlanganisa i-Hereford, iBelgium, Aberdeen-Angus, Highland.
Ukondla okufanele ngesikhathi esomile kukuvumela ukuba uxazulule ngempumelelo izinkinga ezinjalo:
- ukubuyiswa kwesisindo esibukhoma, ukuqoqwa kwemali edingekayo yezakhi;
- ukuthola inzalo enempilo, eqinile, enamandla;
- ukuthola ukhiqizwa ubisi oluphezulu wenkomo;
- ukuvimbela inqwaba yezakhi ezijwayelekile, ezithatha isisu nezinye izinkinga: i-mastitis, indigestion, i-postpartum paresis, njll;
- ukuqinisa izinhlelo zezinzwa, zenhliziyo, ze-endocrine;
- ukubuyiselwa komzimba wesilwane ngesikhatsi sokudla;
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-colostrum ephezulu, ebalulekile kumntwana ezinsukwini zokuqala;
- ukwandisa ukukhula kokulandela.
Uyazi? Bonke abamele izinkomo cishe abahlukanisi imibala. Ngakho-ke, ukusabela kwenkunzi emgqonyeni obomvu akuchazwa yi-hue yayo, kodwa ngokunyakaza kwayo emoyeni.
Izici zokudla kanye nesilinganiso sokudla izinkomo ezomile
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinkuni ezifile zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezimbili eziyinhloko: ekuqaleni nangesikhathi esifushane (ukuhamba), okuphelela ngokuqondile nge-calving. Ukudla kwenkomo kuzo zonke izigaba kuzohluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kwesilwane kumele kulungiswe ukuze kuqale izinkuni ezifile. 
Ekufeni kwabafileyo, isisindo senkomokazikazi sakhiwa ikakhulukazi ngotshani wezinhlamvu kanye nama-multivitamines, ekufeni okumile ngemuva kokuphela kwezinsuku zokuqala, emva kokudla, ukusila kanye nokudla okugxilisiwe kuhlanganiswe kwifani.
Inani lezinkampani zokudla ngosuku liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3, futhi izinga lesuku zonke kufanele libalwe ngokusekelwe ezicini eziqondene nesilwane:
- Isisindo Kuzo zonke izisindo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zesisindo sezilwane, kuyodwa okudingekayo.
- Ukukhiqiza Kuzo zonke izinhlamvu zobisi eziyinkulungwane zidinga eyodwa yokuphakelayo.
- Ukudla. Ukuze ukwandise amafutha, izinga lansuku zonke landa ngamayunithi angu-1-2 okuphakelayo.
Esikhathini sokuqala (izinsuku ezingu-60-21 ngaphambi kokukhokha)
Isikhathi esomile siqala ngokuqaliswa - ukuqedwa kokubamba nokudluliswa kancane kwesilwane ekudleni okusha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinsukwini ezingu-7-12 inkomo idinga ukudluliselwa kokudla okusha. Kubantu abaphansi abakhiqizayo, ukwethulwa kwenzeka ngokuzimela; izilwane ezikhiqizayo kakhulu, ukubandakanyeka kwabantu kuyodingeka.
Okokuqala, ukudla kwelanga kwasemini, khona-ke ubisi kufanele lunikezwe ngokungahambisani nhlobo, uyeke ukwenza umuthi wokusila. Izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokuqala kwabafileyo, kufanele unciphise inani le-silage ekudleni ngamaphesenti angama-20, bese ususa kancane kancane ukudla okunomsoco okuvela ekudleni (utshani, ama-top, silage, kanye nezitshalo zezimpande). 
Uma isonto ngaphambi kokuma, ubisi ukukhiqizwa akunciphisi noma kunciphise kancane, kuyadingeka ukususa ukondla okugxile ekudleni. Uma kungenjalo, lokhu akudingekile.
Kubalulekile! Ungamisa ukumisa bese uqala isikhathi esomile ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezinjalo: i-Orbesil, i-Gamaret, i-Orbenin nabanye. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kufanele kuvunyelwane ne-vet!
Ukudla esikhathini sokuqala kuhloswe ukunciphisa nokuyeka ukukhiqizwa ubisi, kugcwalisa umzimba wezinkomo ngamaminerali namavithamini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela ikhalori kanye nenani lomsoco we-feed ukuze isilwane singabi nokukhuluphala.
Amaqembu amakhulu okudla ngalesi sikhathi:
- ama-premixes;
- inhlanzi;
- utshani;
- isilawuli esilinganiselwe;
- ukudla okulinganiselwe (0.5-1 kg).
Esikhathini sesibili (izinsuku ezingu-21 ngaphambi kokukhipha - ukuzala)
Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga kancane ukwandisa inani lokudla okunomsoco, ngoba ingxenye ye-hay ishintshaniswa ngxube lokudla noma ukondla. 
Ukulinganisa nsuku zonke kwesilwane esinesisindo esingu-550 kg nesitshalo saminyaka yonke esingama-5000 amalitha:
- 12 kg we-hay;
- 11 kg we-silage;
- Ingxube ye-4 kg ye-legume-cereal okusanhlamvu;
- 2 kg we-hay;
- 100 g ye-premix.
Esigabeni sesibili akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela i-calcium ngokweqile ekudleni, okusongela nge-postpartum paresis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukondla kwe-clover ebomvu, i-alfalfa, nezinhlanzi ze-sugar beet.
Khumbula ukuthi ezinsukwini zokugcina ngaphambi kwesilwane sezilwane, isifiso sezilwane singancishiswa kakhulu, ngoba inkomazi kufanele iqhubeke idla, udinga ukondla ukudla okukhangayo, okusha futhi okuhlwabusayo, futhi umbuso wokudla kufanele ugcinwe ngokucophelela.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungondla kanjani ithole, ukuthi ungondla kanjani imfuyo yobisi ngokufanele, yini okufanele kube ukudla kwenkunzi yenkomo.
Uhlobo luni lwesondlo akufanele lunikezwe izinkomo ezikhulelwe
Akuvunyelwe ukunikeza ukudla okulandelayo kwabesifazane:
- ikhekhe kanye nokudla okuvela kotini;
- ukondla ngemidwebo yokubola, isikhunta, imikhiqizo enomphefumulo noma efriziwe;
- ukondla ngamanzi izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokukhipha (noma ukunciphisa inani labo ngo-50%);
- ukunciphisa usawoti ukugwema ukukhukhumeza noma i-paresis.
Ezinye izincomo eziwusizo:- ngesikhathi somile isilwane kufanele sibe nokufinyelela mahhala kumuntu ophuza;
- esimweni esishisayo, kubalulekile ukugcina isilwane emgwaqweni amahora angu-8;
- Izinkomo ze-telny azikwazi ukugcinwa kwi-leash;
- Umgodla wezinkomo kufanele ube ohlanzekile, owomile nokukhanya;
- isilwane kumele sivikelwe ekucindezelekeni.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukondla isililage, ufulawa kanye nefolda eluhlaza njengamanye, unground.
Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele ahluleke ukubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco nokudla kokunakekela izinkomo ezigabeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa.
I-Deadwood iyinkathi ephawulekayo, ekuphumeleleni kuyoxhomeka empilweni nasekukhiqizeni inkomo, ukugeleza kwemisebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwethole, ngakho-ke izinzuzo zomnotho zomnotho wonkana.
Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bemfuyo kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile ukudla kwezinkomo ezikulesi sigaba, baqinisekise ukuthi izimo ezinhle kakhulu futhi bangahambisani nesilwane.
