I-Swan iyinyoni enhle kakhulu.
Lezi yizinyoni zamanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezikhona ze-swans, mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okuthakazelisayo kuzo, futhi ukukujwayela ngokuziphatha kwezilwane.
Ulwazi jikelele
I-Swan (i-Latin Cygnus) - iyisiphepho samanzi esivela ku-Anseriformes nomndeni wamadada. Isici esivamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni yizintambo ezinde futhi ezikude., evumela, ngaphandle kokudilika, ukuthola ukudla emanzini angajulile. Ama-swans angakwazi ukundiza, ukuthanda ukuhamba emanzini, kanye nomhlaba. Abamele abesilisa nabesifazane bezinhlobo ezifanayo banemibala efanayo futhi banamaphesenti afanayo, ngakho kunzima kakhulu ukuwahlukanisa. Ifudumala indawo yokuhlala, imnyama emthunzini wezinyoni zezinyoni. Ngokuqondene nomlingiswa, lezi Anseriformes zibhekwa yi-acumen ethuthukile. 
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa komzimba omuhle nokubonakala kahle, i-swan ibhekwa njengenyoni enkulu futhi enhle kakhulu. Ufanisa ubuhle, umusa nomusa. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-swans zingeniswa Uhlu olubomvu lwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Kubalulekile! Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-swans anesimo esithukuthele, ahamba kabi kubantu. Uma uzibone lezi zinyoni endaweni yepaki, ungazami ukusondela kakhulu kubo. Inyoni endala ngenxa yokwesaba ingamhlasela umuntu futhi imlekele ngisho nangokuphuka amathambo.
Inyoni iyaziwa ngokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lezi zinyoni zingaphila iminyaka engu-25-30.
Ama-Swans ahlanganiswe kakhulu ensimini. Zonke izinhlobo ze-swans zikhona izinyoni eziningi, dala amaphuzu angapheliko wokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka owesifazane efa, umlingani wakhe uhlala yedwa kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila, futhi ngokufanayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile ngemva kokufa kwesigqila esivela kubhangqwana, owesibili (noma wesibili) uzofa maduzane. Ngenxa yokuzinikela okunjalo emndenini wakhe, i-swans yaba uphawu lokuthembeka nokuthandana. Unyaka nonyaka, lezi zinyoni zingasebenzisa indawo efanayo yokuhlala, zifike endaweni ekhethiwe futhi zilungise "indawo yokuhlala" yazo. Indawo yokuhlala kuyo ama-swans isungulwe eduze kwamanzi, lapho-ke owesifazane efaka khona amaqanda ama-3-7 ngezinsuku ezingu-30-40. Indoda ayifuduki kude esidlekeni, ilinde owesifazane. 
Ama-swans ayaziwa ngokuthi ngabazali abahle kakhulu; bobabili abalingani bahlanganyela ekondleni nasekukhuliseni i-brood. I-Anseriformes inakekela izingane zabo kuze kube neminyaka eyi-1 noma emibili, ibasize ukuba babambe ukudla futhi bavikele.
Izinhlobo ze-swans
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-7 kuphela ezihlala eNyakatho Hemisphere, eNingizimu Melika nasezweni lase-Australia.
Umnyama
Igama layo, lezi zinhlobo zibophezeleke ezimpaphe ezimnyama zombala. Inyoni ihlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, eNew Zealand naseNyakatho Melika (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivikelekile zemvelo). 
Impilo emihle eminyene emilonyeni yemifula, emachibi angaphezu kwamanzi, emanzini, kepha ingatholakala ekuthunjweni ezindaweni zokuphila zomhlaba. Naphezu kobuhle nokuhlala okulinganiselwe, izinhlobo ezimnyama azifakiwe kuhlu oluBomvu loMphakathi Wokugcinwa Komhlaba Wonke. 
Amantombazane ancane kakhulu kunamadoda, bobabili bobulili banesibopho somnyama omnyama kanye nomlomo obomvu obomvu ngephuzu elimhlophe. Isisindo sezinyoni ezindala sifinyelela ku-9 kg, ubude obude bufinyelela ku-142 cm. Ukuphila okuphezulu kwalokhu kuphila kwendawo yemvelo kuyiminyaka eyishumi kuphela. Ngokwemvelo yale nyoni ukuthembela kakhulu, kulula ukwehlisa.
Uyazi? Ama-swans amnyama ngezinye izikhathi angakha ama-pair of abesilisa ababili. Futhi kuphela ukuzala, abesilisa bacela insikazi. Ngemuva kokuba insikazi ibeke amaqanda ayo, ingaxoshwa esidlekeni, futhi bobabili abesilisa bahlanganyela ngokuqhubekayo ekusindeni.
Okumnyama
Lezi zinhlobo zabizwa futhi ngenxa yobungqayizivele bombala we-plumage. Inhloko nentamo yabo ibumnyama, wonke umzimba uwuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi umlomo wabo ungobukhulu. Emlonyeni wenyoni endala kukhona ukukhula okubomvu okwenziwa abasha. 
Abamele abadala balezi zinhlobo bangaba ngu-6.5 km, ubude bawo bungaba ngu-140 cm. Kutholakala lesi sidalwa esilungisiwe eNingizimu Melika. Izimboni zakhiwe eziqhingini ezincane noma emaceleni. Izinyoni zasendle zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10, kanti ezindaweni ezivikelwe zihlala ku-30. 
Izilwane zamadoda ziqapha ngokucophelela ukuphepha kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ama-cubs ezinhlobonhlobo ezimnyama ayenamandla kakhulu, uthando lokuhamba, ehlezi ngemuva komunye wabazali.
Uyazi? E-UK, ukubamba ama-swans kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kungavunyelwe umthetho, futhi zonke izinyoni kuleli lizwe zibhekwa njengendawo yomndeni wasebukhosini.
I-swan yisimungulu
Nansi enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, kanye ne-swan ebomvu. Abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi endle, bayakwazi ukuthola inqwaba engaba ngu-15 kg, futhi amaphiko awo aphakathi kuka-2.5 m. 
I-plumage imhlophe, ikhanda linembala yesinaphi. Inyosi ibomvu nge-nail, ama-paws amnyama. I-chicks iyisithunzi somthunzi obunamabala, kodwa kancane kancane, ngeminyaka engu-3, itjhuguluka ibe mhlophe. I-Shipun ingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-28. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu ye-Europe nase-Asia. 
Bayazi ukuthi le spike isentendeni enesisindo esimweni sencwadi yesiLatini S - uphawu lwe-spike lubopha entanyeni, luhamba phezu kwamanzi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezigcina intamo iqonde. Le nyoni ibonisa ukucasuka nokungazwakali kwayo ngezwi elithile elizwakalayo, okuvela kulo igama layo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-spike swan.
I-Swan Trumpeter
Isibungu secilongo sibukeka njenge-swan opera (cishe ngezansi), kodwa umlomo wayo ubumnyama ngokuphelele. Uthole isiteketiso sakhe ngenxa yezikhalazo ezikhishwe lapho uxhumana nabanye abantu. 
Abavuthayo bazuza isisindo sibe ngu-13 kg, futhi ubude bezinyoni bufinyelela ku-180 cm. NgoMeyi, izinyoni ziqala isikhathi sokuzala, kuyilapho abesifazane behlala ezidlekeni zenyanga eyodwa. Phakathi nesikhathi sokutshala umzimba, owesifazane ubeka amaqanda angaphezu kuka-9. 
Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala eMelika Ephakathi. Ezilwaneni zezilwane ziphila iminyaka engama-30, ezimweni zemvelo - kufika ku-10.
Funda futhi ngokuzalanisa izinkukhu ekhaya.
U-Whooper ugobile
Lezi zinyoni inyoni enkulu enesisindo esingafinyelela ku-12 kg. Amaphiko amaphiko ayo angaba ngu-2.5m, kanti ubude bomzimba buyi-150-155 cm. Intamo nomzimba cishe ubude obufanayo. 
Isici sokwehluka kwezinhlobo zezinyoni yi-beak enemibala enemibala enombala omnyama. Izimpaphe zimhlophe, kodwa izimpaphe ezincane zimpunga ngekhanda elimnyama. Intamo isethwe ngqo. I-Whooper ikhala ngokuzwakalayo ngesikhathi sezindiza, lapho isidlaliso senyoni safika khona. 
Lezi zilwane zihlala eNyakatho Yurophu nakwezinye izingxenye ze-Eurasia, ogwini lolwandle nemifula. Izidleke ze-whimpers zenziwe ngamanzi, utshani nempaphe. Ezilwaneni, impilo yalezi Anseriformes cishe iminyaka engama-30.
Uyazi? I-swan ophos isinye sezimpawu zikazwelonke zaseFinland.
I-American
Izinhlobo zaseMelika zincane kakhulu: le nyoni ayidluli 146 cm ubude, futhi isisindo sayo asifinyeleleki ku-10 kg. 
Ngokusho kwedatha yangaphandle, i-American ifana ne-whooper, kodwa intamo yakhe ilula, ubukhulu bukhulu kakhulu, futhi ikhanda lakhe liyindilinga. Inyosi iluhlaza okwenziwe nge-black. Lapho amaqanda amaqanda amaqanda, owesilisa uyamvikela ngokucophelela. 
Le nyoni enkulu kakhulu ihlala emahlathini aseMelika. Isakhiwo se-Gnezdovoy sihlomisa emaphethelweni emithombo yamanzi nezindawo ze-moss. Ezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe, lezi zinyoni ziphila iminyaka engama-29.
Kuyathakazelisa ukujwayelana nezinhlobo zezilwane, amaphiko, izintshe, amadada, amahansi, izinkukhu namajuba.
Okuncane
I-swan encane ibonakala ifana ne-whooper. Ngokuvumelana nezici zalo kufana nokufana kweziMelika. Ubude bale nyoni buyi-140 cm, amaphiko aphakathi kuka-200-210 cm, umlomo ufushane, umnyama omnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele umdwebo ngamunye ngomlomo womuntu ngamunye. Ezimweni zokuthunjwa, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphila kwe-swan encane eminyakeni engu-20. 
Yimaphi ama-swans adla
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, bakhetha ukudla emanzini angajulile. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zinyoni yilokhu:
- Izitshalo ezinamanzi (ama-algae amancane, ama-duckweed; ama-stalks, amahlumela nezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini). Ukudla kwezitshalo kuqukethe amavithamini amaningi namaminerali (iodine ikakhulukazi) ewusizo ngezinpaphe, isikhumba kanye nezinombolo zangaphakathi zezinkukhu.
- Utshani ogwini kanye namagilebhisi avela emagqumeni e-willow aphezu kwamanzi. Umuthi ugcwele u-vitamin B9, i-folic acid ne-fiber, okufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwezinyoni, ukwandisa izinga le-oksijini egazini, futhi ivuselele inqubo yokugaya ukudla.
- Inhlanzi encane. Inhlanzi iqukethe amino acid ebalulekile, kanye namafutha e-polyunsaturated adingekayo ukuze asebenze ngokugcwele kwenhliziyo nobuchopho.
- Ama-Crustaceans. Umthelela omuhle esimweni sezinsipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo onomsoco kakhulu.
- Ama-Amphibians (amaxoxo). I-mucus yamacwecwe inomphumela we-bactericidal (anti-inflammatory). Enyama yama-amphibian iqukethe amavithamini amaningi, amaminerali (ikakhulukazi, amaningi ama-calcium), okuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba. I-calcium ithuthukisa isimo semifucumfucu, iyinika ukukhanya, ivimbela imifino ukuba ingabikho.
- I-Shellfish kanye nama-skeleton awo angaphandle (amagobolondo). Izinzuzo zalesi sidlo - ukuthuthukisa umzimba nokuqinisa umzimba (ukuzivikela) ngokujwayelekile. I-Shellfish nayo inenzuzo uma kukhona amakhemikhali amaningi namaminithamini amaningi.
- Izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Izinzuzo zalezi zinambuzane ze-swans ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium, i-phosphorus, amavithamini namafutha aphansi. Izinambuzane ekudleni kwe-swan zivikela ukuvikela umzimba emiphumeleni eyingozi yemvelo engenamngane.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukuthi abahlali bemizi bakhumbule ukuthi akusifisi ukubondla ngesinkwa esiseduze nobusika be-swans. Nge-Anseriformes, isinkwa esimnyama sibangele kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi singabangela izinqubo ezivuthayo zokuvuthwa emaphethelweni emathunjini. Isinkwa esimhlophe asiyingozi, kepha ukudla okuphezulu kakhulu kwekhalori kunganciphisa ukuhamba kwemvelo kwenyoni. Njengokudla, kungcono ukusebenzisa izitshalo - amafutha, ummbila, kodwa hhayi kanzima, kodwa abilisiwe kancane. Futhi, ama-swans adla ngokudla imifino emhlabathini kanye ne-hay enamanzi.
Izinyoni zihlunga isilaphu esezansi ekufuneni kokudla. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sezinsimbi zomlomo (umlomo uhlome ngamapuleti ngaphakathi nangamazinyo emaphethelweni), zikhiqiza ukujikeleza kwamanzi. Amanzi angena emlonyeni aletha izinhlayiya zokudla ezihlala emlonyeni. Ngemva kokubamba i-frog noma inhlanzi encane, ama-swans akagwinyeli ukudla ngokushesha, kodwa ulinde kuze kube yilapho amanzi egeleza emlonyeni. Amazinyo nawo asiza lezi zinhlobo ze-anseriformes ukuba zithole kalula izingxenye zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-swans zasendle zinezici zabo siqu zokuziphatha kokudla, ikakhulukazi zixhomeke kwisayithi lokuhlalisa. Isibonelo ama-swans amnyama kukhona izitshalo. Uma kungekho izimila ezanele, zishintsha indawo yazo noma zinyuka emazweni okulima. 
Ukudla okuyinhloko swan swan necked izitshalo zasemanzini (algae) zikhonza, kodwa le nyoni iyakuthanda nokudla ama-invertebrates emanzini nezinambuzane.
I-Sheepholes ne-Whoopers khetha ukudla kwesitshalo kuphela. Lezi zinyoni ziyakuthanda ukudla amazambane, ummbila, izitshalo zokusanhlamvu ezisele emasimini emva kokuvuna. 
I-Swan Trumpeter ikhiqiza ukudla emanzini kanye nemisipha. Cishe njalo idla kuphela ukutshala ukudla - amahlamvu kanye neziqu eziluhlaza zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene.
I-swan swan ehlobo, lidla ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zasemanzini nasezintweni ezikhula ogwini. Ebusika, imenyu yayo iqukethe okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Futhi, uma kungenzeka, ungayeki iziqongo nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane. 
Ama-Swans amancane ama-anglers amahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimila njalo, baye bafunda ukubamba izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, amaxoxo kanye nezinyoka. Kodwa-ke, la ma-swans awaphiki ngokwayo kanye nezidlo zemifino.
Njengesiphetho, ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi isizathu sokufakwa kwezingulube e-Red Book kwakuwukuzingela, okwakuyisikhathi eside kuqhutshwa kule nyoni. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngekhulu lama-50 ekhulwini lama-20, umsebenzi osebenzayo wenziwa emhlabeni ukuze ubuyisele inombolo enhle yalezi zinyoni. Konke lokhu kunikeza ithemba lokuthi akukho uhlobo olulodwa lwama-swans oluzophela emhlabeni wethu.
