Ama Cherries ahlakulelwa umuntu isikhathi eside. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kunolwazi oluningi oluye lwazuza ekuhlakuleleni ngokuphumelelayo lesi sithelo esinempilo nesiphuzo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi-abalimi ngokuthuthukiswa kwesiko esidumile phakathi kwabantu yizinhlobonhlobo eziye zajabulisa kakhulu izitshalo zazo nezakhiwo zokudla iminyaka eminingi.
Enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo Lubskaya cherry. Okwamanje, ikhule ngabalimi emazweni amaningi e-CIS.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Ubuhlobo obuseduze balezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry kanye nomlando wokulima endaweni yangaphambili yeSoviet Union kuyaqondakala kahle.
Iqiniso liwukuthi uLyubskaya uneminyaka endala, isiRussia isuka, uhlobo lwe-cherry.
Wadalwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule njengomphumela walokho okuthiwa ukukhethwa kukazwelonke.
Lokhu kungukuthi, akukho idatha eqondile yonyaka kanye nendawo okuvela kuyo le-cherry, nanoma yimuphi umuntu owaziwa ngokubhala, ngaphandle kokubhaliwe kwabaningi abathandwayo abangenalwazi, abahamba kancane kancane, unyaka nonyaka, bathuthukisa izindawo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngokuphathelene nezimo ezinzima zezulu zaseRussia.
Incazelo yokuqala yezesayensi yezinhlobonhlobo phakathi nawo-1930 yenziwa ngumsayense wezemvelo waseRashiya ovelele, udokotela wezolimo zezolimo. U-Nikolai Ivanovich Kichunov (1863-1942).
Yena, ikakhulukazi, wabonisa ukuthi iLyubskaya sekuyisikhathi eside idalwa ngabalimi Isifundazwe saseKursk futhi ukuthi lapho le cherry kubhekwa izithelo zendawo izitshalo.
Kamuva, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kanye nososayensi baqaphela kakhulu lezi zihlukahlukene, ukunambitheka kwawo nezimfanelo zomkhiqizo. Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezifundo zokuzalanisa ngo-1947
I-Lyubskaya yayifakwe kwi-USSR State Varietal Register.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zilwane zavela ezindaweni eziningi zeRussian Federation, kodwa ikakhulukazi emapulazini Central, Central Black Earth, North-West, Middle Volga, Lower Volga naseNyakatho Caucasus ezindaweni zaseRussia.
Abasimili bayakwazisa iLubskaya cherry ezihlukahlukene isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwayo, isivuno esikhulu kanye nobumnandi obubusika obuhle.
I-Lebedyanskaya, i-Shubinka ne-Generous nayo ikwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi kahle.
Ukubukeka kwe-Cherry Lyubskaya
I-Cherry Lyubskaya inemigomo yemvelo elandelayo:
Isihlahla
Isitshalo salolu hlobo luyi-cherry ye-bushy ejwayelekile. Usemfushane, ubude obude kakhulu kakhulu ayifinyeleleka kancane ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-2.5. Ama cherries asehlathini nawo afaka iGriot Moscow, Ashinskaya Stepnaya.
I-Lubská амбtambe ihlanganisa imfucumfucu ye-hue e-gray-brown, lapho umuntu angakwazi ukubona ukuphahlazeka okukhulunywa khona.
Krone, amagatsha. Umqhele omkhulu kakhulu awuvame ukuhlukaniswa nokukhula kwabantu. Ngomumo, kufana kakhulu nebhola.
Eqanjwe, njengomthetho, amagatsha ambalwa aphihliwe futhi anamaphiko, amagxolo alo anombala obomvu nge-coated silver coating.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonakala ngokuphambuka kwamagatsha amasha wonyaka kusukela esiqwini esikhulu ekhoneni lika-45 degrees.
Amahlumela. Njengoba iLubskaya isitshalo sehlathi, kusezinhlamvu zaminyaka yonke izithelo zayo zenziwa. I-rounded, ithuthuka ehlathini, nge-cone encane ephoyinti, i-buds ihluke kancane kwezinye izinqubo.
Amahlamvu. Ziyizinhlobo ezinomsoco ezinombala omnyama obumnyama, ngaphandle kokukhanya okubonakalayo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, iqabunga elidala, elibhekiselwe ukuma kwe-oval encane (iqanda elilingiwe) kanye nephuzu elikhomba, linesayizi ka-87 x 50 mm.
Amaphethelo epuleti leshidi ayagxiliwe. Ngaphansi kweshidi, izintambo ezincane ze-hue eziphuzi ezibomvu zihlukaniswa.
I-Inflorescences. Ububanzi be-inflorescence buya kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-34 mm. I-inflorescence iqukethe izimbali eziyi-3-4 ezinamaphesenti angu-3-3.5 ngamapulanka ahlanganisiwe-okuyi-surface of the pals is slightly corrugated.
Izimbali zigcinwa emagatsheni ngokusebenzisa ama-pedicels ama-25-30 mm ubude. Isikhathi sokumbali sithatha izinsuku ezingu-7-9.
Izithelo
Enye yezinhlobo zama cherry Lyubskaya isisindo esingama 4 amagremu, kodwa kunemifanekiso emikhulu nangaphezulu. Izithelo zigxilwe in amabhulashi of 2-4 amajikijolo, kodwa amajikijolo angashadile ajwayelekile. Amajikijolo amakhulu abonisa futhi uVolochaevka, Lighthouse nePodbelskaya.
Umbala oyinhloko wezithelo ezivuthiwe ubomvu obumnyama, isithelo sigcwele isikhumba esincane, esicwebezelayo. Izithelo ngokuvamile zinobunjwa obuningi bomzimba ovoid. Inyama iminyene kakhulu, enamanzi amaningi, ingaba omnyama obomvu nokukhanya okubomvu.
Ngaphakathi kwe-pulp ine-bone oval, inqwaba yayo engaba ngu-6-8% wengqikithi yenani le-fetus. Izithelo ngokuqinile (kokubili abasha nabavuthiwe) zigcinwa emagatsheni ngosizo lwe-stem, ezifinyelela ubude obuyi-3 cm.
Okulandelayo, uzobona esithombeni ukuthi i-Lubskaya cherry ezihlukahlukene ibukeka kanjani futhi ifunde incazelo yayo.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Lokhu kuhlukahluka self-fertile izithelo isiko. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Lubskaya cherry ikhiqizwa yi-pollen yayo futhi ayidingi ama-pollinator engeziwe. Izinhlobo zonyaka ofanayo, ekukhunjweni kuka-Enikeeva noVolochaevka nazo zinezidingo zokuzala.
Ngenxa yalowo mhlaba wesitshalo, umgadi wensimu angase angesabi isimo sezulu esishintshayo phakathi nenkathi yezimbali zomuthi, lapho, ngenxa yeziqhwa ezingalindelekile, izinyosi zihlala emifuba yazo futhi zingabambi iqhaza ekuvoliseni impova.
Umlimi oyimifino okhulisa lesi sihlahla endaweni epholile yaseRussia akanakulinda kakhulu entwasahlobo ebandayo ngesinye isizathu.
I-Lyubskaya isitshalo phakathi nokuqhakaza, ngakho-ke amaqhwa aqhubeka kuze kufike entwasahlobo angathinti kakhulu izinga le-ovary.
Ngakho-ke, labo abahlakulela le cherry, musa ukuhlala ngaphandle kwesitshalo, ngisho nalapho ama-whims of nature engavumeli ukuvuna kusuka kwezihlahla zakuqala zezimbali.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le cherry yi-skoroplodnaya. Izithelo zivuthwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.Isibonakaliso esifanayo sinomkhakha wase-Ashinskaya Stepnaya.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezihle zihlangene, umuthi omdala unganikeza Ngonyaka owodwa kunezingu-35 kg zamajikijolo aphezulu. Futhi iqala izithelo ngokugcwele Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3 emva kokufika.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinga elilodwa elihle - ikhono lokukhiqiza izithelo eziphezulu - kufaka enye, kodwa ngesibonakaliso esincane.
Ngenxa yokukhathala kwesihlahla, amandla ayo aphelelwa yimvuno ehlaba umxhwele, iLubskaya cherry ayilondolozi kakhulu.
Izithelo ezinjalo eziphezulu ziboniswa yizinhlobo ezifana no-Ural Rubinovaya, uNadezhda, Mayak noTamaris.
Ukuvumela kule nkomba kukho ezinye izinhlobo eziningi, umuthi walolu hlobo ngokuphila kwabantu abangaba ngu-14-17 ubudala, futhi izimo kuphela ezihle kakhulu zingadlulisela impilo yakhe eminyakeni engama-25-30.
Unesinye iphutha, okufanele sikholele ngokucophelela. Nakuba uLubskaya ehluke kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, "iphuzu layo elibuthakathaka" ebusika yi-arc tree.
Izinhlobo ezifana neLebedyanskaya, Volochaevka, neChokoladnitsa azibi embizeni sezulu ebanda.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emithini encane, i-frostbite eqinile yamagxolo asekuqaleni kweminyaka yokuphila ingaholela ekushiseni okukhulu ngisho nokufa komuntu ngamunye.
Ngokuqondene nezimpahla zokudla-ukunambitheka kwalesi cherry, imibono yabachwepheshe lapha ihlukanisa. Abanye bacabangela ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo amnandi namuncu okuba mnandi kakhulu, okuqabulayo kakhulu, abanye bakuthiwa kakhulu.
Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi lesi sibili ukuthi isivuno saseLyubskaya sibhekene nokucubungula - ekukhiqizeni amajusi ahlukene, ama-compotes, ama-jams, alondoloza.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuthi ama cherry alawo mahlumela, njengezithelo zezinye izinhlobo ze-cherry, ayasiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphawulekayo kwamavithamini kuwo kanye nenani elilinganayo lokushukela nama-organic acid.
Ezimweni zaseRussia ephakathi, ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ayisisekelo kanje:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 9,5% |
| Ama-acids wamahhala | 1,6% |
| Indaba eyomile | 14,6% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 20 mg nge-100 g |
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ngokujwayelekile ezindaweni zokudlela ungathenga izithombo uma uneminyaka eyodwa. Izilwane ezincane zisekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo endaweni evulekile, ekhanyiswa usuku lonke ngelanga.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi indawo yokufika indawo ikhona inhlabathi enesihlabathi, enesihlabathi noma e-loamy.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angasondeli emhlabeni wonke kule ndawo, engalimaza uhlelo lwempande.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-seedling kuyadingeka ukusika ithiphu. Ngemuva kokuba izihlahla ezisemqoka phezu kwempande kufanele zihlale hhayi ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha.
Ukwakheka okunjalo kuzonikeza amandla ekukhuleni kwesihlahla, hhayi phezulu, kodwa ngobubanzi.
Ukuhlelwa okunjalo komqhele kuyasiza ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kubandakanya ukuthi kulungile kakhulu ukuvuna okusheshayo nokulula.
Ngokuvame ukutshala izithombo ze cherry zimba umgodi 50-60 cm ububanzi futhi 40-60 cm ejulile.
Umhlaba okhishwe ngokumba, ohlangene nama-organic fertilizer. Ingxube elandelwayo isetshenziselwa ukwengeza izimpande zomuthi.
Ngemuva kokuba isithombo sifakwe emgodini, futhi impande yawo igcwele umhlaba, indawo ejikeleze isiqu somuntu otshalwe ngendawo engama-30-40 cm ihlushwa ngokucophelela ngezinyawo noma izindlela ezingalungile.
Indawo yokufika wanisela ngamabhakede amabili amanzi ahlukanisiwe. Plot insimu encane ye-sagging land sawdust ne-humus, isendlalelo okufanele sibe ngu-2-3 cm.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezihlukahlukene Lyubskaya ikhethekile kakhulu ngekhwalithi yomhlabathi. Yonke iminyaka elandelayo yokuphila yomuthi kufanele amnike ukudla okwanele.
Okuhle kakhulu lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthinta ukugqoka amaminerali entwasahlobo. Ukuphuza njalo kwesihlahla kuyadingeka.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isimo somqhele wakhe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umqhele waseLubskoy uvame ukungajwayelekile, Ungavumeli ukubusa kwamagatsha asomile nalabo abanzi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Lyubskaya, njengezinye izitshalo zalesi siko, ejwayelekile eRussia ephakathi, isikhathi sebusika singase sibhekiswe ekuhlaselweni kwamagundane alambile.
Ezifo izihlahla ze-cherry zivame ukujwayela, okuyingozi kakhulu eLubskaya i-fungal disease coccomycosis.
Ukuhlaselwa isitshalo, i-agent causative yalesi sifo - i-sossomuse s hiemalis ye-fungus - ibonakalisa izindawo ezibomvu emaqabungeni kanye nokuwa kwawo okukhulu futhi kusheshe kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka okunjalo kokuphila okuvamile, njengamaqabunga, isitshalo sisinciphisa futhi emva kwesikhashana singafa uma ungaqali ukwelashwa.
Iqukethe ukucubungula amagatsha omuthi we-fungicides.
Ukwelashwa ngalesi sici kuwukuthi kathathu ngenkathi: okokuqala - ngehora lokuphumula kwephunga, okwesibili - ngesikhathi sokubhakabhaka, okwesithathu - amasonto amabili noma amathathu emva kokuqhakaza.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry, ikakhulukazi ekumelaneni nezifo ezifayo. Efana noNovella, Ngokwesikhumbuzo seVavilov, i-Tsarevna, iPodbelskaya, isibonelo.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba ufike etafuleni noma epanini yokwenza ugqozi, i-cherry kumele idlule ngezandla ezithandayo zomlimi wegadi. Lezi zandla, kanye nolwazi lwezinto eziyisisekelo zobunjiniyela bezolimo kanye nesipiliyoni semiphumela emihle kakhulu.
