Izifo ze-Cactus: izifo ezijwayelekile nezindlela zabo zokwelashwa

Izifo ze-cactus zivame ukubangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta esingaphansi, i-mycoplasmas namagciwane. Ezinye zezifo zilula ukwelapha, kepha iningi lazo, ngisho nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, kungaholela ekufeni kwe-cactus, futhi zivame ukuthinta ama-presulents angabizi futhi abizayo.

Izifo ZeCactus Ezivamile

Okuyingozi kakhulu yilezo zifo ezenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Njengoba kunzima kakhulu ukuzithola, futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele, isitshalo simane sifa.

Izifo ezahlukahlukene ze-cactus

Kepha isazi sezimbali esidonsayo, esihlala sinakekela izilwane ezifuywayo eziluhlaza, sisengabona ukuthi kunokuthile okungahambi kahle ngesitshalo.

Kufanele ixwayise:

• ukwehlisa amandla noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kokukhula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo entwasahlobo;
• ukuvela kwemibimbi esiqwini noma ushintsho kumbala wayo;
• ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza kwezimbali noma ukulahla;
• ukufa nokomiswa kwamahlumela;
• ukwakheka kwemifantu kanye nezindawo ezahlukahlukene esiqwini.

Ukubola okubolile

Ungabona kaningi ukuthi ukubola okuomile kwavela ku-cactus, isikhunta siyimbangela yokwakhiwa kwawo. Uma i-cactus iqala ukoma futhi ineziqu ezibuthaka, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi yashaywa ngokubola okomile.

Ukususa isifo esinjalo kunzima impela, imvamisa ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kakade esigabeni sokugcina sesi sifo. Ukuze uvikele ukwakheka kokubola owomile, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides ahlukahlukene njenge-prophylactic. Kungcono ukucubungula isitshalo izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka.

Ukubola okubolile

Ukubola okumnyama

IMamillaria, noma ukubola okumnyama, izibonakalisa ngesimo sezindawo ezincanyana zemibala emnyama. Njengomthetho, bakha kuyi-areoles futhi bavuse ukuwa okwalandela kameva kubo. Lesi sifo singenzeka ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sitshalwe singene emhlabathini singcoliswe yizinhlamvu. Futhi, ukubola okumnyama kungahle kubonakale kulimaza kakhulu inhlabathi noma ukukhanyisa okunganele, ikakhulukazi ebusika, noma ngenxa yokulimala kwemishini.

Isiqu sokubola

Isifo se-fungal, njengomthetho, sithinta iziqu zezitshalo ezincane. Ngenxa yokwehlulwa, iziqu zigobe kakhulu, futhi ikhiyubhu ingawa, kuvela umucu oluhlaza velvety nokubumba okuvela obala. Lo mbala awulutho ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kwezinhlamvu zesikhunta. Ukubulala i-cacti encane, isikhunta sizodinga izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Lesi sifo sikhula kahle ngokushisa komoya okuphansi nomswakama ophezulu kakhulu. Akukho phuzu ekusindiseni isitshalo kulesi sifo, ngoba ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezinempilo kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kungabola lonke uhlelo lwezimpande nesiqu.

Isiqu sokubola

Ukubola okumanzi

I-Rhizoctonia noma ukubola okumanzi kaningi kukhula kwizithombo ezincane noma ukusikeka. Lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, sisakazeka ezimpandeni siye esiqongweni sesitshalo, futhi siholela ekufeni kwaso. Kunethuba elincane lokusindisa lesi sitshalo kulesi sifo uma, lapho se isitholakele, zonke izindawo ezithintekile ziyasuswa futhi izingxenye ezisele ezinempilo zalesi sitshalo zidluliselwa kwisigcawu esisha esishonile.

Kubolile uBrown

Ngokubola okungu-brown, amafomu okumnyama ezihlahleni, aqhamuka ezisekelweni noma ezindaweni lapho kunamanxeba angalashwa. Kamuva, isiqu somzimba siyathamba, kube nesisindo esibonakalayo ngaphakathi, esifana nejelly.

Izizathu zokuthi kungani i- cactus ibola:

• Umswakama owengeziwe emhlabathini. Kwenzeka ngokunisela ngokweqile kanye nokushisa komoya okubandayo egumbini.
• Umswakama ophezulu ngaphakathi endlini.

Imiphunga iyawa

Enye yezizathu ezenza ukuba ameva aqale ukuphuma ku-cactus ukuqothuka kwenhlabathi okuqinile. Esikhathini sokungabibikho, lapho imbali idinga umoya opholile, umhlaba ebhodweni kufanele uniselwe kakhulu noma cha.

Ngenkathi yezitshalo ezisebenzayo, ama-succulents adinga ukuthambisa okuningi, kepha kuyadingeka ukukunisela kuphela emva kokuba inhlabathi isomile ngokuphelele ebhodweni, ngoba ikhehlwa lingakhukhulwa kakhulu ngamahlobo ashisayo. Uma umswakama uhlangana njalo ezimpandeni, lokhu kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwawo nasekuweni kwawo wonke ameva. Kuyadingeka ukwelapha inkinga enjalo ngokufaka esikhundleni sembali emhlabathini omusha nangokuqala umbuso wokunisela.

Imiphunga iyawa

I-Spotting

Amabala ku-cactus abangelwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene kanye namagciwane. Futhi isizathu sokubukeka kwabo yizimo ezingafanele zesitshalo. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyithonya lomoya obandayo, uma ebusika ikhiyakimi limi efasiteleni lewindows elinomoya ophindaphindekile futhi lokhu kusengozini yokuhlelwa okungapheli. Futhi, umswakama ophezulu ohambisana nomoya opholile egumbini usithinta kabi isitshalo. Ukuze ugcine imbali ingaboni, udinga ukuyihlela kabusha endaweni enethezekile futhi uthole ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Imvamisa, kuvame ukubonakala kokugqwala ku-cacti, othinta isiqu ngesimo sokuqina noma amabala. Imbangela yalesi sifo ingaba ukushiswa yilanga noma amanzi abandayo awela esiqwini, kanye nokwehla okuqinile kokushisa kwegumbi. Uma izindawo ezinjengalezo sezivele zivele, kunzima ukuzisusa, ngoba ziqala ukusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zesiqu bese ziba ziningi ngokwengeziwe.

Ukubhubhisa ukugqwala nokuphuzi.

Uphuzi

I-cactus ithola umbala ophuzi nenani elinganele lezakhi zomzimba emhlabathini, kanye nesifo sebhaktheriya noma segciwane. Njengomthetho, i-yellow cactus iqala ngamathiphu amahlumela nangaphezulu kwesitshalo. Uma umuthi uphendukele ophuzi kuwo wonke, ungabangelwa yigciwane elibizwa nge-jaundice, futhi alikho ikhambi lalesi sifo. Ingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu, noma ihlale izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka.

Iziqu eziphuzi

I-Fusarium

Lesi sifo sibangelwa isikhunta somndeni wakwaFusarium, kaningi sithinta ama-suppulents ahlanganisiwe. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka kancane kancane, kuqala isikhunta sishaye izimpande, bese singena ohlelweni oluvumayo, size sifinyelele phezulu, kuthi ikhenasi libune. Uma ibala elibomvana noma elinsomi libonakala ezigxotsheni ze-cactus, iziqu zalo ziyaqhekeka bese ziqala ukuthambekela phansi, lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lwe-fusarium. Uma usike ezigxotsheni, ungaphawula imikhumbi efundisayo enemibala maroon-brown.

Umswakama omningi womhlabathi kanye nomswakama owandayo egumbini kufaka isandla kulesi sifo. Okufanele ukwenze uma ukhukhamba eqala ukubola - ngokushesha okukhulu, susa imbali ebhodweni bese unquma yonke ingxenye ebunjiwe yesiqu, uphathe umsiki ngamalahle, womise bese uphinda futhi.

Ngokuphuza ngokweqile kanye nokushisa okuphansi egumbini, amathuba alesi sifo ayanda.

I-Mealybug

Uma i-plaque emhlophe noma amachashazi afana ne-fluff abonakala ku-cactus, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi i-mealybug ihlasele isitshalo. Isizathu sokubukeka kwalesi sinambuzane sithathwa njengokunakekelwa okungafanele, ukutheleleka kusuka kwesinye isitshalo noma ukungena ngomhlabathi othelelekile.

Ukunqotshwa kweMealyworm

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Kungenzeka kube nezinketho eziningana zokwelashwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo.

Ukusika izimpande

Ungayigcina kanjani i-cactus uma iqala ukubola ukusuka ngezansi, ukulandelana kwezenzo:

1. Sika zonke izimpande ezilimele kakhulu noma zibolile ngokuphelele.
2. Hlambulula izimpande ezisele ezinempilo kwikhambi le-potanganum permanganate.
3. Fafaza ngempuphu yesibabule noma yamalahle.
4. Misa izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngokulengiswa endaweni eqondile.
5. Thatha imbiza entsha enamagciwane, uthele inhlabathi eshiziweyo kuyo bese utshala i-cactus.
6. Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo asidingi kuniselwa nakancane emavikini angama-3-4.

Ukusika izimpande

Ukuze ugweme inkinga enjalo ngokuzayo, kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho yokunisela.

Ukuqalisa phansi kabusha

Uma impande ye-cactus ibolile, yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu:

1. Sika ucezu olubolile bese ubheka ngokucophelela ukuze umsiki uhlale enempilo futhi ehlanzekile.
2. Isiqu sidinga “ukulolwa” kancane, njengepensela, ukuze kuthi kamuva kube lula ukusitshala emhlabathini.
3. Phatha isilayidi ngekhabhoni ecijekile esebenze.
4. Vumela ukome kahle ngokuyibeka endaweni eqondile noma ukuyibeka endebeni yepulasitiki.
5. Linda kuze kube yilapho izimpande ezincane zihluma. Inqubo yinde impela, ingathatha ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyishumi.
6. Lapho izimpande zibonakala zitshala isithombo emhlabathini we-cacti.
7. Amanzi kuphela epanini. Imizuzu eyi-10 ngemuva kokunisela, ukhiphe kuwo wonke amanzi engilazi.

Inqubo yokuqalisa kabusha

Ngokuzayo lapho uzokwazi ukunisela kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-3,5.

Enye indlela yokuphinda ukhiphe i-cactus uma ibolile:

1. Sika yonke ingxenye ebolile ye-cactus.
2. Yoma izinsuku ezingama-3-4, phakathi nesikhathi lapho ukusika kufanele kuqiniswe.
3. Phatha nge-stimulator yokukhula kwezimpande bese ufaka ingilazi yamanzi. Amanzi adinga kakhulu kangangokuba amboza ucezu lwamasentimitha angama-2-3.
4. Ngemuva kwamaviki angaba ngu-1-2, izimpande ezintsha zizovela, lapho zifinyelela kubude obuyi-1 cm, isitshalo singadluliselwa emhlabathini omusha olungiselelwe.

I-cactus etshalwe ngale ndlela ayikwazi ukondliwa ngamanyolo unyaka owodwa.

Ukufakwa kweCactus

Uma kunezinambuzane noma izifo, kufanelekile ukufakela imbali ebhodweni elisha elinomhlabathi omusha.

Ukufakwa ebhodweni elisha

Ama-cactus rots avela ngezansi, okumele akwenze, kuleli cala:

1. Nyakazisa i-cactus ebhodweni elidala, uhlole ngokucophelela impande kanye nesiqu uqobo.
2. Izimpande ezomile nezonakalisiwe kufanele zinciphiswe, uma isiqu sonakele, kufanele sinqunywe kusicubu esinempilo, futhi sifafazwe nge-carbon ecijekile eyenziwe isebenze.
3. Ngokulandelayo, imbali kufanele igezwe kahle emanzini ashisayo (ama-degree angama-50-55), engeza ukhunta noma inambuzane kuyo.
4. Ngomisa izinsuku ezingama-3-5 elangeni endaweni eqondile futhi nezimpande ezisatshalaliswe kahle.
5. Tshala emhlabathini ngokubeka isiqu sangempela ebhodweni bese ufafaza izimpande nomhlaba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba awufiki ngaphezu kwekhola yezimpande.

Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwe-cactus, kufanele igcinwe emthunzini oyingxenye, ngaphandle kokunisela cishe izinsuku ezingama-3-5.

Ukulahla izindawo ezithintekile

Ungayigcina kanjani i-cactus uma ihlaselwa ukubola kwesikhunta:

• Uma isigxobo se-cactus sithintekile, nquma i-lesion ngommese bese uphatha ngesibabule.
• Uma phezulu kuthinteka, khona-ke kufanele kusikwe kube izicubu ezinempilo, futhi isitshalo ngokwaso kufanele sisetshenziswe njengesitokwe ekugomeni.
• Uma ukubola kukakhokho - khipha amanxeba ngensimbi namalahle noma ocushiwe, noma uphathe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani.

Ngesikhathi sokulashwa kwesikhunta, kuyadingeka ukukhipha noma yikuphi ukufafaza ngamanzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isixazululo sokubulala le njongo.

Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa

Ngokubola okwomile, ukubona amabala ansundu nokulimaza sekwephuzile, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile (amahlandla ama-1-2 ngenyanga) ukuphatha izitshalo ngama-phytoncides nama-insecticides.

Ngokubola oku-brown, uma ikhekhe selibe lithambile futhi linamanzi, yini okufanele uyenze:

• Phulukisa konke ukulimala esiqwini sekhactus.
• Namathela ohlelweni lokunakekelwa olufanele.
• Phatha isitshalo ngama-fungicides kanye njalo emavikini ayi-1-2.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-cactus okwengeziwe

Ngemuva kokuba lesi sitshalo selaphe, ukuze esikhathini esizayo singabi nazinkinga zempilo, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezinhle.

Ukushisa kanye nomswakama

Ukuze i-cacti, indawo okuzalelwa kuyo ihlane kuyo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele. Zizwa kahle lapho zibekwe elangeni eliqondile, kepha ehlobo phakathi nokushisa kwasemini kusengcono ukuzithambisa ukuze zingavusi ukushiswa.

Izinga lokushisa lasehlobo lincamela ukushisa okungu-26-28 ° C. Umswakama badinga okungenani ama-40-50%. izinga lokushisa lomoya elikhethwayo ebusika alikho ngaphezu kokushisa kwe-15-18 ° C. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo (ngaphandle kwalapho zinama-pubescent) zizothwala kalula ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kufika ku- + 5 ° C. Kubantu abavela ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo nomswakama okungenani ezingama-60% kuyadingeka.

Ukunisela

Ebusika, i-cacti ihlala esikhathini esimanzi futhi hibernate. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo ezidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Ukunisela i-cacti akuyona ngaphezulu kwesisodwa njalo emavikini amabili, futhi ngamanani amancane. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, inani lokunisela liyakhula kancane kancane, bese ehlobo banjelwa kaningi (njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4). Kusukela ngo-Okthoba, ukuthambisa kumele kuphinde kube nomkhawulo. Amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela efudumele futhi ohlanziwe.

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi i-cactus ibunile ngemuva kobusika

Okokuqala, kuvela izindawo ezomile esiqwini, imbali ilahlekelwa yizimpawu zayo zokuhlobisa, bese ekugcineni ife. Uma i-cactus ikhula ngisho encane, kuvela ameva amasha kuyo futhi wonke izicubu eziluhlaza zihlala ziphila, usesimweni esihle. Uma isiqu silukhuni, nenhlabathi esebhodweni isomile kakhulu, khona-ke ikotekesi ngokusobala iyafa ngenxa yesomiso, ikakhulukazi uma itholakala endaweni yokukhanya kwelanga okusebenzayo.

Ukunisela epanini

Inhlabathi

Okwendabuko yasogwadule ogwadule, inhlabathi idinga ukukhanya, okuxekethile, okutholakale umswakama. Ukuze uthole izikelesi ezishisayo, inhlabathi idinga i-airy, ukukhanya futhi acidic kancane. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe namanzi akhanyayo ngendlela yamatshe amatshe amancane, ubumba olwandisiwe noma izitini ezichotshoziwe. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nesihlabathi, i-peat namalahle.

Izifo ze-cacti kanye nokwelashwa kwazo ekhaya kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba ikusasa lakhe lesikhathi esizayo lizoncika ekusizeni okufika ngesikhathi isilwane esiluhlaza. Ukuze ubhekane nezifo nezinambuzane, kumele uphendule ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi okungcono ukumisa ukubukeka kwazo, unakekela kahle umngani wakho othandekayo.