I-Orlovskoye Polesye apula izihlahla zenza sikwazi ukucebisa inhlanzi yethu yasebusika ngezithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinhle kakhulu ngamanzi amnandi, anezinyosi.
"Izihlathi" ezinzima zibukeka zikhangayo kangangokuthi akuzona zonke izigadi zasendle ezizimele ezizophakamisa isandla ukutshala isitshalo sejusi, i-jam, i-marshmallow noma i-cider.
Uhlobo luni?
Izihlahla Apple "Orlovskoye Polesie" - ngezithelo ezinhle, ubusika obunzima futhi obuhle abameleli bezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika ne-immune yayo ye-pathogen ye-scab.
Ukuphikisana nesifo esiyinhloko samasiko kunika i-Vf gene. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyi-self-pollinating, ngokumelene nokulondolozwa kwezici ezifuywayo.
Kwaphela iminyaka emine, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazivivinywa ezimweni zezindawo eziphakathi, ezaseNizhnevolzhsky, eChernozem. Kubhaliswe ku-database yeRejista kaHulumeni kusukela ngo-2002.
Isitoreji
Orlovskoye Polesye apula ezihlukahlukene babe ikhwalithi yokugcina okuhle.
Impilo yesheluli yesithelo inganwetshwa kuze kube nguJanuwari, uma ithunyelwa ngokushesha ezindaweni eziqandisayo zokufudumala ngenqubo yokulawula umswakama ngemuva kokususwa.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo nazo zinekhwalithi yokugcina okuhle: Chudny, Malt Bagaevsky, Kandil Orlovsky, eMoscow uLate and Young Naturalist.
Isiqukathi sokubeka ama-apula ngaphakathi kweziteshi zokupholisa:
- ipulasitiki enezimbobo zokungena ngaphakathi kuyo yonke indawo yesitsha,
- izinkuni (ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezingekho-coniferous zezinkuni).
Incazelo enhlobonhlobo Orlovskoye Polesye
Izici ezijwayelekile zezihlahla ezindala:
- isilinganiso somuthi wokuphakama
- umqhele ongewona umqhele
- inqwaba yamagatsha inesimo esiyindilinga.
Indawo yamagatsha amakhulu ahlobene nesiqu cishe acacile. Amagatsha alungile, amahlumela aqondiswa phezulu. Amagxolo abushelelezi, phezu kwesiqu kanye namahlumela e-lignified wombala ompunga ofudumele.
Izithelo ziboshwe kwi-annuli elula neyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukukhula kwamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhakeni, kususa isimo se-arched, brown in section cross. Ukuma kwesimo esincane semifino esincane esiseduze namahlumela.
Uhlaza obumnyama obunamaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga afana namaqanda.
I-Melkopilchatye enqenqemeni, ene-wrinkled surface ebusweni kuze kube yilapho ethintwa khona, ihlanganiswe namagatsha ane-pubescent short petioles.
Endaweni eyodwa iqala ama-ovari amaningi amathanga amancane. Ekuqaleni kwe-pinkish, kancane kancane kukhanyisa i pink pink.
Kuvulwe izimbali ziyizicabha, zinezikhala ezingasondelene.
Ama-Anther aphansi kunama-stigmas, i-pistils ikholomu ifakwe, ayiklanywanga.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziyi-shiny, enkulu, i-oblong-conical shape. Iningi lama-apula alungele ukuvuna lisaba ngu-130-140 g ngamunye. Ngokuchotshozwa kakhulu, nge-funnel ejulile ekhonjiwe ngokujulile kanye nekhabe elivaliwe. I-saucer eboshiwe inesayizi encane.
Imbewu yinyundu, etholakala ekamelweni elivaliwe.
I-apula ibanjwe esihlahleni esihlahleni esincane. Esigabeni sokuvuthwa, i-rind yezithelo iyabhanya, i-oily kancane. Umbala uwuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi ngokusabalalisa kwesigamu sesithelo ekuhlanganiseni imivimbo ebomvu noma i-pinkish-white and specks.
Ngombala we-pulp ngokusobala kulandelwe u-tint okhilimu. Yiphunga elimnandi, elimnandi nelomuncu.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo ziboniswa yizinhlobo zeMlodyozhny, i-Aromatny, i-Silver Hoof, i-Belfleur-Kitaika ne-Bolotovsky.
Izithelo zomsindo ziphakeme. Ngokusho kwesistimu emihlanu, izici zokunambitheka zika-Orlovskoye Polesye apula zathola ukulinganisa okungu-4.3.
Izici zamakhemikhali zesithelo:
- Okuqukethwe ushukela: 8.2%.
- Ama-acid aqoshiwe: 0.78%.
- I-Ascorbic: 7.9 mg.
- Izinto ezisebenza nge-P: 342 mg.
Isithombe
Izithombe zezithelo zezithelo ze-apula "I-Orlovskoye Polesie":
Umlando wokuzala
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izithombo ze-Orlovsky Polesie zakhula ngo-1979, ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yesithelo sonyaka odlule kusukela emthini womama 814, owawutholwa ngaphansi kwempova, emhlabathini.
Ukukhiqiza amakhophi okuqala kwezihlobo ezintsha kwafika eminyakeni engu-11 kamuva - ngo-1990. Umsebenzi wokwandisa i-Orlovsky Polesie wenziwa ngu: V.V. Zhdanov, E.N. Sedov, E.A. Dolmatov, Z.M.Serova.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Ugxila ezimweni zezulu ze-Central Black Earth esifundeni saseRussia. Ngokudlulele okungajwayelekile okubhekene nesithwathwa, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi asebusika kufana neka-Antonovka evamile.
Kulesi sifundazwe, u-Kareil Orlovsky, izinhlobo ze-Orlik zenza kahle.
Ukuthela
Ukuvuthwa kwemisa kwesivuno kuwela phakathi nonyaka wesibili kaSepthemba.
Izihlahla ezincane ziqala ukuthela izithelo kahle kusukela ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili osedlulile ngemuva kokuhlanganisa kabusha.
Isilinganiso: kuze kube ngu-133-150 kg / ha, esesimweni esisodwa semithi eyi-100 / ha esingaba ngu-130-150 kg kusuka emthini owodwa we-apula.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukukhanya okwanele. Ukuntuleka kwe "isikhala somuntu siqu" nokufaka shading kuholela ekwandeni kwe-asidi esithelweni, ukunciphisa ivolumu yesitshalo.
I-acidum enhle yomhlabathi yenkambiso: pH 5.6-6.0. Uma isibonakaliso siphumelele ngokucacile (isibonakaliso siyi-sorrel ekhula kahle, ama-raspberries ashisayo, i-velvety moss, i-sorrel yamahhashi), indawo yokutshala i-apula kufanele ibe mnandi kakhulu.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa:
- lime,
- ufulawa wama dolorite,
- ukhuni lomlotha.
Kungcono ukufaka ingxenye engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokubeka ikhontela le-apula engadini.
Uma indawo yesihlahla ikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile noma amanzi asemhlabathini adlula emkhawulweni wezingu-2-2.5 m, ngakho akusiyo umgodi wokufika olungiselelwe ukutshala, kodwa umhlabathi wensimu enobuningi ocebile.
Yini okufanele kube ukunakekelwa ukuthola isivuno esifanele?
Ukubala isivuno esihle esikhathini esizayo, ukutshala izithombo, ungakhohlwa:
- shiya intamo yomuthi 5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba;
- ukumboza impande ngendwangu emanzi, ehlose ukuthutha isitshalo kusuka e-nursery kuya endaweni yayo;
- ususe wonke amaqabunga esihlahleni esiqhakaza okokuqala (lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uzikhokhele ngokugcwele ngomswakama kanye nezakhi ezitholakala ebusika, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwempande enempilo);
- ukuvikela i-trunk ekushiseni ukushisa ilanga ngokumhlophe, nokusuka kumagundane - enetheni ekhethekile, ehlanganiselwe utshani, amagxolo, umhlanga (ebusika);
- ususe cishe wonke amahlamvu avela kumqhele uma i-rhizome yezinto zokutshala "i-bald";
- ukunciphisa "ikhanda" ngeyesithathu, okuzokwenza lula futhi kuphuthumise ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande.
Umanyolo wokusekela kanye nokuphuzisa:
- Ukuphuza izihlahla izikhathi ezinhlanu ngenyanga, izingxenye 12-15 amalitha kabili ngosuku ukuchelela.
- Kungcono ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu kwonyaka kuphela kumhlabathi omhlabathi ompofu, ufaka ingxube ye-urea, i-nitroammofoski, i-30 g ngayinye, u-5-7 kg we-humus emhlabathini entwasahlobo.
- Izindawo ezivundile zicebisa kancane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngokumelene nama-leaf-eating and fruit fruit zisebenzisa ama-insecticide.
Kusukela kuningi lwezifo ezithathelwanayo zezihlahla ze-apula, abalimi basebenzisa ukusifuthola ngezihlahla ngezikhathi ngezihlahla zethusi noma amalungiselelo asekelwe kulo.
Ukwehliswa komqhele, ukuvimbela ukunqotshwa kwemithi yi-fungus (ngesikhathi esingekho ingxenye yesine yamahlumela okuqothulwe kususwa).
Ukuze kungabangeli ukuthuthumela kusuka ekunciphiseni:
- Ukucwiliswa kwenziwa ngemva kokushiya amahlamvu noma amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqothula;
- Ihlela ngamagatsha asekude kanye namahlumela agcwele umdwebo (noma upende lwamafutha).
Ngeke kuvimbele ngezikhathi ezithile ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezibhekene nezinambuzane zensimu, njenge-moth ye-codling, i-moth yezimayini, i-hawthorn, i-silkworms nezithelo ze-sapwood.
Ingabe ufuna ukukhulisa i-apula isihlahla esibhekana kalula nama-vagaries ebusika, asabe ukwesabisa, futhi unyaka wonke ujabulela ngokuvunwa okuhle?
Bese utshala i-Orlovskoye Polesye isithombo se-apula esakhiweni sakho, okuhlukahlukene okuye kwabonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ephethe ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ngokunqotshwa komuthi onomdlavuza omnyama, ukushisa amabhaktheriya, kungcono ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha amagatsha aphethwe yiwo wonke umqhele wokushisa nokushisa.
