I-Haworthia isitshalo esinempilo esidla ubhedu esiqhamuka emndenini wakwa-Asphodel. Ama-rosette akhe anamaqabunga anamanzi wesimo esingajwayelekile ahlobisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-haworthia kade yathola ukuthandwa njengesihlahla sendlu. Uhlobo lunezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle. Izitshalo ngazinye zehluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngakho abalimi bavame ukuhlela ingadi encane. Zisebenzisa ama-haworthia poppies nezinye izitshalo ezimnandi. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iHazorthia yiNingizimu Afrika. Izindawo eziwugwadule kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala emagqumeni anesihlabathi, emadwaleni amatshe naphakathi kwezikhonkwane zotshani obunzima.
Incazelo yeBotanical
IHagorthia isitshalo esimnandi esihle. Ezimweni zasendlini, ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha ayi-5- 15. Emvelweni, izisekelo zesisekelo ezindala zingakhula zifike kumamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula minyaka yonke kuncane kakhulu, futhi isitshalo esisodwa singaphila iminyaka engama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho ithathelwa indawo izingane kancane kancane. Ama-Rosette aqukethe amaqabunga amnyama anamanzi akhiwe eduze nomhlabathi. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela i-haworthia enesiqu esinamanzi.
I-Foliage embozwe ukukhula okuncane kwe-warty noma i-cilia encane ethambile inesimo esibunjiweyo esinomphetho obekiwe noma oyindilinga. Amaqabunga apendwe aluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamabala ansundu, abomvu noma esiliva ayatholakala. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esincanyana, kwesinye isikhathi esobala, izicubu ezinamanzi zifihliwe. Kuyasiza ukuqongelela amanzi. Ama-Haworthia rosettes akha izingqubu ezingapheli eziqhubekayo noma amasodaki angamboza wonke umhlabathi ongaphezulu.
Ngisho nasekhaya, i-haworthia kwesinye isikhathi iyaqhakaza. Kodwa-ke, izimbali azikwazi ukuncintisana namahlamvu ngobuhle. Ziqhakaza ngoMeyi-Juni kumakhwebuli aminyene, ama-peduncle amafushane futhi aqoqwe ngebhulashi. I-cylindrical nimbus inama-petals ayi-6 afakiwe ngaphansi. Izimbali zinombala oluhlaza okomhlophe noma opinki. Njengoba izimbali zidinga amandla amaningi kusuka ku-emnandi futhi emva kwayo izitshalo kwesinye isikhathi ziyafa, ama-inflorescence asikwa esigabeni sokuhluma.
Izinhlobo ze-Haworthia
I-genus haworthia inezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-150. Iningi lazo zisetshenziswa emasikweni.
Imigqa yeHaworthia (uH. Fasciata). Isitshalo esimnandi, sithandwa kakhulu ngabatshali bezimbali, sakha irosette eminyene yamaqabunga ngaphandle kwesiqu, eduze komhlabathi. Siqukethe amaqabunga aminyene aklelisiwe ngomphetho okhomba. Ububanzi besokisi elinjalo bungafinyelela ku-15 cm, neqabunga elilodwa - cm 5-10. Ingaphezulu lephepha limbozwe izimbambo ezidlulayo. Indawo emnyama eluhlaza okhula phakathi kweziqu izidwetshwe ngesiliva noma eluhlaza okotshani.
I-Pearl haworthia (H. margaritifera). I-herbaceous perennial ikhula i-oval enamanzi ishiya i-7-8 cm ubude ifike ku-25 mm ububanzi. It cishe ayinaso isiqu. Amapheshana aqinile, aqondisiwe atshazwa ngamandla ezansi, futhi ancishiswe futhi agobeke phezulu. Ama-spiky ukukhula kombala omhlophe qhwa atholakala ngasemaphethelweni e-lateral. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kukhiqiza i-peduncle efinyelela ku-60 cm ubude nge-inflemcose inflorescence yama-corollas amancane aluhlaza.
IScaphoid haworthia (H. cymbiformis). Izinhlobonhlobo zathola igama lazo ngokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga, afana nesikebhe. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ashiya ubude obungu-4-5 cm bese kuthi u-1-1.2 cm ububanzi akha irosette eminyene enobubanzi obungamasentimitha 8-10.Phezulu kweshidi kunamafasitela anesikhumba esivele obala. Amaqabunga acwebezelayo acishe angabi nawo ukukhula kwama-warty.
U-Haworthia Cooper (H. Cooperi). Isitshalo se-herbaceous sakha irosette eminyene yamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani onama-25 mm ubude. Ngasemaphethelweni amaqabunga anolukhuni kukhona i-cilia ende. Ithiphu encishisiwe igobe kancane emuva.
Hawoltia limonifolia (H. limifolia). Ama-rosette amancane angalingani anamaqabunga anamahloni, aboshwe ngemicu emide nasesiphethweni eside, esingenacala. Isisekelo seshidi sandiswa kakhulu. Isihloko sokukhishwa sifana ne-starfish. I-Variegata ehlukahlukene idumile kakhulu. Amaqabunga awo amnyama aluhlaza embozwe ngemivimbo ebanzi ye-hue yegolide.
Kukhethwe uH Haworthia (H. truncata). Isitshalo esimnandi esinobubanzi obude bufika ku-8 cm siqukethe amaqabunga angenamanzi anengxenye yesiphambano eyindilinga noma eyindilinga. Amahlamvu ahlelwe ngokuqondile enye ngaphezu kwenye endizeni efanayo. Zinesisekelo esinciphile nesisekelo esigoqiwe. Umsuka ongaphezulu, njengokungathi unqunyiwe, uphela ngensimbi ebushelelezi futhi enzima. Isikhumba sipendwe luhlaza okotshani.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ekhaya, izindlela zemifino zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa i-haworthia. Isitshalo sihlala sakha ama-rosette asemaceleni akhula kahle futhi futhi izimpande zawo kuleyo ngxenye eyodwa nesitshalo sikamama. Ingane ekhule ngokweqile enezimpande entwasahlobo inqunywa ngokucophelela kusuka kusitshalo esikhulu. Indawo yokusikwa iphathwa ngamalahle ochotshoziwe bese imbali isheshe itshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, ukusika kwe-haworthia kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusika iqabunga elikhulu, elikhuliswe kahle kuso leso sisekelo, phatha usikiwe ngesikhunta noma ngomlotha nokomile komoya izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho isiqu sitshalwe ebhodweni elincane elinomhlabathi wesihlabathi. Akudingekile ukumboza izingcezu, ngaphandle kwalokho bazoshada. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpawu akwenziwa nhlobo noma kumane nje kunciphisa umhlabathi kancane. I-Rooting yenzeka phakathi kwamasonto ayi-3-4. Isiqu esinezimpande sitshalwa singene emhlabathini ngesitshalo esidala.
Namuhla akukho nzima kangako ukuthola imbewu ye-haworthia esitolo sezimbali, ngakho-ke ungazama ukusakazwa kwembewu ekhaya. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ayisebenzi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiselo zokuhlukahluka kwezimpawu azidli ifa. Izitsha ezingashoni ezinenhlabathi evulekile noma isihlabathi esimanzi zilungiselelwe izitshalo. Imbewu isatshalaliswa phezu komhlaba bese ifakwa emhlabathini. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle sinamazinga okushisa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokucophelela. Ukufudumala nokukhanya okuhle kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo. Izithombo ze-Haworthia zikhula kancane, ngakho-ke ukufakelwa kokuqala kwenziwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Izici zokutshala isitshalo
I-Haworthia iyatshalwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Udinga ukukhetha imbiza enkulu ngokwedlula eyedlule. Amandla kufanele abanzi, kepha hhayi ajule kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwaso, kuyadingeka ukwenza izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi futhi uthele ubumba olwandisiwe, umgexo wobumba, noma enye into yokudonsa ephakeme ngekota.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, azama ukususa ingxenye yomhlaba omude ezimpandeni, njengoba inhlabathi iba mpofu futhi inama-acid amaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Emvelweni yemvelo, i-haworthia ikhula enhlabathini enamathela, ngakho-ke, indawo engaphansi kwayo ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi engadini yendawo yonke, amatshe amatshe amahle, isihlabathi somfula, ubumba kanye ne-limestone. Kuyasiza ukwethula inani elincanyana lekati nomlotha wezinkuni emhlabathini. Kepha i-organics akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwengxenye, ngaphandle kwalokho umhlaba uzoba ne-acidic ngokweqile. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke futhi ukhanye.
IH Haworthia itshalwa ngendlela yokuthi amaqabunga nentambo yomsuka kukhona ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi inyathelwa kancane futhi iniselwa ngokulinganayo. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zithathelwa indawo kuphela lapho imbiza iba mincane ngezimpande bese iphuma ngemigodi yokudonsa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Uma indawo ilungele i-haworthia, kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Lezi zitshalo zijwayele izimo ezinzima zemvelo futhi ziyojabula ngisho nokunaka okuncane.
Isibani IHaworthia idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo namahora amade wemini. Ibekwe efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma eliseningizimu. Izindlu ngaphakathi ehlobo elishisayo, ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile kuyadingeka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ungathatha imbali uye nomoya ohlanzekile endaweni evikelekile kokungayalwa nemvula. Ngemuva kwalokho ukushiswa kwamaqabunga akwenzeki.
Ukushisa IHaworthia ilungele kangcono izindawo ezipholile kunokushisa ngokweqile. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba ngoba kungo + 15 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, amachaphazelo adinga isikhathi sokuwa. Kukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwegumbi elikhanyayo elinokushisa kwe- + 5 ... + 10 ° C. Kubalulekile ukungavumeli ukupholisa okuningana, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga aphenduka abe mnyama futhi akhanye. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kunconywa ukuthi ungavumeli ukuthi uHaworthia ahlangane newindi elibandayo.
Umswakama. I-peel eminyene emaqabungeni iyisivikelo esihle kakhulu ekuhwabeni ngokweqile komswakama, ngakho-ke i-haworthia inomnotho ekusebenziseni kwayo amanzi futhi ayidingi humidization eyengeziwe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ungageza ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kweseshini elifudumele. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awanqwabuki ezisekelweni zamaqabunga naphansi kwesiqu.
Ukunisela. Ukunisela i-haworthy njalo. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kumele yomiswe ngo-2-4 cm. Lapho ukupholisa, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kaningi. Ukugcwala ngokweqile emhlabathini kungadala ukubola kwezimpande. Nisela i-haworthia ngamanzi afudumele asondele emaphethelweni ebhodwe ukuze amanzi angahlangani namahlamvu anamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukuthambisa kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngenyanga, lapho amaqabunga eba uthambile kancane.
Umanyolo. Isitshalo akudingi ukondla njalo. Kuphela kumhlabathi ompofu uvundiswa kanye ngenyanga phakathi kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo. Sebenzisa umsoco wezitshalo ngamahlamvu okuhlobisa. Kwanele ukusebenzisa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yomthamo oboniswe kwilebula ngasikhathi.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
IHaworthia isengozini yokubola, engasibulala sonke isitshalo. Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele kwamagciwane, amabala kanye nama-mealybugs kungavela kuwo. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo emoyeni omusha noma lapho uthintana nesinye isitshalo esinegciwane. Isihlambi esishisayo (esifinyelela ku-45 ° C) kanye nokufafaza ngesinambuzane ("Aktara", "Mospilan", "Aktellik") kusiza ekulweni nezilokazane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10, ukwelashwa kuyaphindwa ukubhubhisa izibungu.
Uma ubhekisisa isitshalo, ngokubukeka kwaso ungathola amaphutha ngokunakekelwa:
- amaqabunga abomvu noma aphuzi - okweqile kokufaka umanyolo;
- amaqabunga athambile amnyama - lesi sitshalo sangena ngaphansi kwethonya lokusalungiswa noma okushisa aphansi;
- ihlumela eliphakeme nelicokeme lehlamvu - okukhanyisa okwanele;
- amaqabunga avilaphayo ngamathiphu owomile - ukuntuleka kokunisela, umoya owomile.
