Ama-broilers ombala: izinhlobo zezinhlobo, ukugcina nokuzalana

Ama-broilers ayimifino yezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezinokusebenza okuphezulu nokuqapha. Manje izinkukhu zezinkukhu zivuthwa, okungazithobeki njengezinkukhu ezijwayelekile ezifuywayo. Abanikazi beziqephu zasendlini banomdla kakhulu wenkukhu namaqanda. Lezi yizinhlobo zama-broilers ombala. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zembala yama-broilers manje ezithandwayo nezimfanelo zabo ezikhiqizayo.

Ubala ama-broilers ombala

Ama-broilers ombala anezici eziningana:

• amathambo aqinile:
• isichazamazwi esichazwe kahle;
• umzimba omkhulu onomzimba ohlangene, isifuba esiphezulu kanye nenhloko encane;
• i-variegated plumage;
• ukutholakala kwesisindo esheshayo kuhlanganiswe nokukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu;
• Izinsana zihlukaniswa ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo nokufananisiwe;
• izinga lokusinda kwenkukhu eliphezulu (94-98%);
• iphesenti enkulu yenyama emhlophe;
• okuqukethwe okungenakuzithoba. Angagcinwa ezimweni ezifanayo nezinkukhu ezijwayelekile ezifuywayo.

Yenza umbala wombala we-broiler

Cabanga ngohlobo oluvamile lwababhalisi bombala kanye nencazelo yabo.

Uyazi? Iqanda lakhiwa ngaphakathi komzimba wenkukhu cishe usuku.

Umhluzi obomvu

Le broiler yabizwa abakhiqizi baseNgilandi lapho bewela izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkukhu - isiMalaysia neCornish:

1. Kusukela kubazali bezempi bahluma babe nemilenze eqinile nemisipha ethuthukile.

Izinhlobo zokulwa kwezinkukhu zibandakanya njengeSumatra, impi yaseMelika, iBantamki, Chamo, Kulangi.

2. Umbala wezimpawu zomculo obomvu obomvu, okungajwayelekile ukuthi umbala omhlophe uvele.
3. Lezi nzalo, njengawo wonke ama-broilers, ngokushesha uthola isisindo. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, abesifazane basesisindo esingu-3 kg, nabesilisa - cishe ngo-4.5 kg.
4. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, banokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, njengasezinkukhu zokuqondiswa kweqanda. Ukuqala kuqala kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 ubudala.
5. I-Red Bro ayithobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa futhi abe nempilo enhle. Zigcinwe ngokuphelele ekushiseni okujwayelekile kwendlu, zingagcinwa njengezinkukhu ezifuywayo ezifuywayo.
6. Ayidli ukudla okuningi futhi angadla ukudla ngekhwalithi ehlukile.
7. Bangagcinwa ngempumelelo emasangweni.
8. Unomzimba wokunambitheka okuhle, kodwa ucebile kakhulu.

I-master gris

Lolu hlobo lwezinwele ezinemibala lwakhiwa yiFulentshi:

1. Umbala wezimpaphe uvame kakhulu umhlophe, ungaba nomhlophe ompunga.
2. Lezi yizinkukhu zenyama nezinkomba zeqanda.
3. Bayaqinile futhi banokuzithoba futhi bangagcinwa ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi nezimo zokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Unesilinganiso esihle sokusinda kwenkukhu sika 98%.
4. Zibonakala ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo - izinkukhu ziqala ukunikeza amaqanda kusukela ezinyangeni ezinyanga ezine. Abesilisa bangafinyelela ku-7 kg, kanti abesifazane bayalinganisa cishe 4 kg.
5. Inyama yabo iyinambitha, i-fat-fat, kodwa ayimile.
6. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuphakeme, ezingeni lezinhlobo zamaqanda.

Amantombazane aseHungary

Le hybrid yavulwa eHungary lapho iwela i-Orlington nezinhlanga zendawo:

1. Unomzimba omkhulu we-squat nombala wezinpaphe zombala obomvu nokubomvu. Emakhokheni, umbala wempepha ngemuva ungumnyama, futhi emsila kunamaphiko amnyama.
2. Okuncane, inhlanganisela engafaneleki, ikhanda elibomvu ngaphandle kwempaphe.
3. Ama-broilers aseHungary ama-broilers ayengenakuzithoba kangangokuthi ahambisana ngokuphelele nomkhumbi wezinkukhu zokuqala. Babekezelela ukubandisa ngenxa yezinsipho ezinzima. Zingagcinwa ezimweni zokuhamba.
4. Amahhala alobu buhlanga awazange alahlekelwe isimo sabo sokukhukhumeza futhi angamama omuhle. Bafaka izinkukhu ngokuzibophezela futhi banakekele lapho bezalwa. Inani lokusinda lamapokisi liyi-98%.
5. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukondla kwalezi zinyoni kumele kube nomthamo okwanele wamaprotheni, ngaphandle kwalokho inzuzo yesisindo ngeke ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukudla okulungiselelwe. Lolu hlobo lubekezelela ukushintsha kokudla, ukudla okuluhlaza kunikwa nje kuphela njengesithasiselo. Ukuze izinkukhu nezinkukhu zenyama, kungcono ukwenza ukudla okuhlukile, ngoba izinkukhu eziqine kakhulu ziqala ukungena kahle.
6. Unomkhiqizo omkhulu weqanda futhi uqala ukugijimela ezinyangeni ezingu-4-5. Bashaya ngokushesha. Inkukhu eneminyaka emithathu ubudala inesisindo esingu 2 kg, futhi isigamu sonyaka isivele isifinyelele isisindo esiphezulu.

Izinkukhu zase Cornish

• Izinkukhu ze-Broiler Cornish zithola isisindo kahle futhi zingenakuzithoba kokuqukethwe. Kakade emavikini angu-7, ama-broilers e-Cornish afinyelela isisindo se-2 kg.
• Lolu hlobo lungagcinwa ezimweni ezahlukene futhi lunike ukudla okujwayelekile. Phakamisa bese uqala ukugijima ezinyangeni ezingu-7-9, kepha ungafani nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda anezigqoko eziningana ezinamaqabunga amathoni ashubile. Ngonyaka wesine wokuphila, ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kwehla.
• Uma ubeka izinkukhu, ukusikeka komzimba kuthuthukiswa kahle, kodwa isidleke kufanele sisondele ngokucophelela, njengoba sivikela inzalo yabo ngenkuthalo, nakuba sinomuntu ozolile. Ukungahlali kwezinkukhu kumaqanda kungama-70%, kodwa izinga lokusinda lezingane ezitholakalayo liphakeme kakhulu.

Uyazi? Lona uhlobo lokuqala lwe-broilers olwakhiwe kusukela kuma-1930. Ekubunjweni kohlobo lwe "Cornish" ("Cornish") lahlanganyela "ku-Old English Fighter", "i-Red Azil" ne "isi-Malaysian". Lapho bewela ngezinkukhu zohlobo olubizwa nge "White Plymouth", isiphambano esiphumelayo sathola inzuzo enhle nesisindo esihle sempilo.

• Lezi zinkukhu zijwayele ukukhuluphala futhi ukondla kufanele zilungiselwe zona.

Foxy chick

Igama lala ma-broilers lihunyushwa kusukela ngesiNgisi ngokuthi "inkukhu yenkukhu" ngenxa yamathoni e-orange atholakala kulezi zinkukhu. Njengoba belethwa kithi bevela eHungary, kuthiwa yizinkukhu zaseHungary.

Lolu hlobo luyilungu lokuqondisa inyama kanye neqanda.

Izinhlobo zezinkukhu zezinkukhu zihlanganisa abanjalo njengenkosi gray, i-velzumer, i-Kyrgyz gray, iMoscow abamnyama, i-galan, i-California gray, i-Bress gal, i-tetra.

Iqukethe izici ezikhiqizayo eziphezulu nokuqukethwe okungenakuzithoba. Lapho uneminyaka engu-42 ubudala, isisindo esijwayelekile sezinkukhu ze-Foxy Chick singu-1.37 kg. La ma-broilers angagcinwa njengezinkukhu ezijwayelekile ezifuywayo, futhi aphelele epulazini.

Intamo ephukile

Lolu hlobo luvame eJalimane naseRomania, umsuka wayo awungaziwa. Isici saso esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo siyizintunu, ngenxa yalokho okuthiwa yize sehamba. Umbala we-plumage kungaba yimuphi.

Isici sokuqukethwe kwezinkukhu ze-Naked Neck ukubekezela kwabo okuhle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ebusika, ukukhiqizwa kweqanda cishe akuwa. Lezi izinkukhu ezikhulayo ezinyamazini neziqondiso zeqanda. Izinkukhu kahle zifaka izinkukhu, kanti izinga lokusinda le nzalo liphakeme kakhulu.

Ukungazitholi ukuzondla, kepha izinkomba ezinhle zokukhiqiza kufanele zanele futhi kufanele zilinganiswe. Le nyoni idinga ukuhamba. Lapho ehamba, angakwazi ukugcwalisa ukudla kwakhe ngokudla okudlelweni, okugcina okunye okuphakelayo. Kuzoshisa ngezansi -15 ° C ukuhamba kufanele kuhliswe.

Ukukhiqiza

Izinkomba zokukhiqiza umbala we-broilers zinikezwa etafuleni:

Okuqukethwe

Ukuze uthole ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kusuka kuma-broilers ombala, kufanele banikezwe ngezimo ezifanele futhi badliwe kahle.

Imithetho ekhulayo

Lapho ukhula ama-broilers wezinhlobo ezingezona ezifayo, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

• indawo ekamelweni lokunakekela kufanele ivuleke. Amamitha ayi-1 engamakhilomitha angama-10 akumele abe nezinkukhu ezingaphezulu kwezingu-10 noma abantu abadala abangu-3-4;
• ekwindla nakusika ebusika, i-co-op kumele ifuthe;
• ngoba ukukhanyiswa okudingekayo ekamelweni kufanele kube namafasitela ngesilinganiso se-sq. m m nge-sq.
• kudinga ukuba khona kwabathengi nabaphuzi. Ukondla imifino kufanele ibe ngu-10 cm inkukhu ngayinye. Izitsha zokuphuza zidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile;
• izinga lokushisa ezinsukwini zokuqala zamapokisi kufanele libe yi-25 ° C, bese kuthi zonke izinsuku ezingu-7 lihle ngo-2 ° C. Imodi enhle yokugcina izinkukhu ezindala i-12-18 ° C;
• ikamelo kufanele libe nomoya wokuphuza umoya, kodwa kulokhu akufanele kube khona ama-drafts, ama-humidity;
• ukukhanyisa kufanele kube nokwanele, cishe amahora angu-13-14;
• utshani, i-sawdust, i-peat inhle kakhulu yokulala. Udoti udinga ukuhlanzwa njengoba uthola ukungcola, futhi ukushintshwa okugcwele kwenziwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka;
• kufanele uhlale uqaphele ukuhlanzeka kwendlu yenkukhu. Igumbi eliphelele lokucwiliswa kwegazi kufanele lenziwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uqukethe ama-broilers ombala hhayi kuphela endlini ye-hen, kodwa nasezimo zeseli.

Umswakama owedlulele ungabangela amakhaza ezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi ezincane. Uma izinyoni ziqala ukukhwehlela, kuyadingeka ukufudumala ekamelweni, ukuqapha umoya wokuphuza umoya. Kulesi simo, izinkukhu zinikezwa izidakamizwa ezifana ne "Tetramisol 10", "Baykoks", "Enroksil" nabanye. Ukuze kunciphise ingozi yezifo eziyingozi ezingabangela ukufa kwezinkukhu, ukugoma kwezinkukhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Enye inkinga evamile isifo sezinyawo. Uma izinkukhu ziqala ukubola, kubalulekile ukucacisa imbangela yalesi simo. Lokhu kungase kube ukudla okunempilo empofu, ukungabi nalutho noma ngokweqile kwamaminerali namavithamini, isikhunta nokunye okunjalo.

Uma imbangela yokuntuleka kwe-calcium, khona-ke inyama nenyama ye-bone, i-limestone, ama-shells, ama-eggshell achotshoziwe ayengezwa ku-feed. Ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukwengeza ubisi, ubisi omuncu, whey ekudleni.

Kuzoba usizo ukufaka izinhlanzi eziluhlaza ekudleni - lo mkhiqizo unomthelela wokuthola isisindo futhi ukwandise ukwenziwa kweqanda.

Funda ukuthi ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweqanda ezinkukhu ebusika nokuthi yiziphi amavithamini adingekayo kulokhu.

Izizathu zokuzuza isisindo esiphansi ezilwaneni ezincane kungaba okulandelayo:

• ukushisa kwamakamelo okungalungile;
• indawo enkulu kakhulu yokuhamba ngezinkukhu;
• ukungabi namaprotheni kanye nama-amino acid abalulekile.

Izimbangela zokufa kwesitoko esincane zingase zilandele lokhu:

• ukukhanya okuphansi;
• ukuphuza umoya omncane nokudambisa ngokweqile;
• Izimo ezingenamthetho kanye nokuntuleka kokungasebenzi ngegumbi, abagulayo, izinhlelo zokunisela, amanzi angcolile okuphuza;
• ukungabi nokugoma;
• ukunakekelwa okuncane emalanga okuqala okuphila - akazange anikeze ama-antibiotiki kanye nama-vitamine complexes adingekayo;
• izifo ze-coccidiosis noma i-colibacillosis;
• ukuntuleka kokudla.

Kubalulekile! Izimbangela eziyinhloko zezinyoni zezinyoni ezibhekene nokudla kwamanye amazwe zikhanyisa ngokweqile ezakhiweni zokulondeka nokuntuleka kwezakhi ezitholakala ekudleni.

Ukudla

Ama-broilers abalulekile ukudla kahle. Kuhle ukudla kwama-broilers ezinemibala afanelekayo okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngefektri. Iqukethe inani elidingekayo lamaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali anika ukwanda okuqinile kwesisindo ezilwaneni ezincane.

Abantu abadala abakondla kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso esimisiwe, ngesikhathi esithile - okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Izinkukhu zondliwa kaningi - ezinsukwini ezingu-10 zokuqala njalo ngamahora amabili, kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-11 kuya kwezingu-45 njalo emahoreni amathathu, bese izingane zisondliwa njalo amahora amane.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-broilers wezinhlanga ezinemibala yizinto ezilandelayo:

• ukondla izitshalo zokudla okusanhlamvu (ukolweni, u-oats, i-millet, ummbila, i-bran, njll);

• izimpethu nezimpethu kufanele zifakwe ekudleni izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto;
• ukudoba kokudla;
• izithelo nemifino ebilisiwe noma eluhlaza (isanqante, amazambane, iklabishi, beet, zucchini, njll);
• imifino kanye nohlaza (inambuzane, i-knotweed, i-clover, njll);
• ikham emanzi.

Ukudla kwama-broilers ezinemibala kungazimela, usebenzisa izincomo ezilandelayo:

• okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu - 400 g;
• ukolweni ochotshoziwe - 200 g;
• i-oats emhlabathini - 100 g;
• okusanhlamvu okolweni oqoshiwe - 50 g;
• ikhekhe le-sunflower - 150 g;
• i-cottage cheese ephansi-200 g;
• inhlanzi noma inyama nesithambo - 60 g;
• imvubelo yokubhaka - 2 g

Izithako ezifakwe ohlwini zixubene kahle ne-yogurt, whey, noma okungenani amanzi. Ingxube eholayo inikezwa ngesilinganiso sika 10-40 amagremu inkukhu ngayinye, kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka engakanani.

Kubalulekile! I-Buckwheat kanye nelayisi yokudla izinkukhu kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ngesitshalo samabele abilisiwe, njengalokhu okuluhlaza okweluhlaza ku-goiter yenkukhu. Futhi badinga ukunikeza ngobuningi obulinganiselwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi abaphuzayo njalo, futhi njalo ahlanzekile, ukugwema izinkinga ngamathumbu. Uma kwenzeka amaqhwa aqinile, kuhle ukufudumala amanzi athile okuphuza.

Izinkukhu zinconywa ukuba zinike ama-1-2 amagremu omvubelo ngamunye ngenzuzo yokunciphisa okungcono.

Ngokuhlukile kulabo abaxhasi kumele babe isihlabathi esinamafutha noma igravel ehle. Lezi zakhi zenza kube nokudla okungcono kokudla, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic nokuvimbela ukubukeka kwe-cuticle.

I-Sasso - i-broiler yombala

Ukuthandwa okwandayo manje sekuba uhlobo lwemibala yama-broilers eSasso.

Yini ekhethekile

Umbala we-Sasso broiler wenziwa ngababelethi baseFrance.

Izici eziyinhloko zohlobo ziyi:

• ikhanda elincane;
• isifuba esibanzi;
• umzimba oqinile, kodwa ophansi. isikhumba esiphuzi;
• ama-paws aqinile wombala ophuzi;
• umbala obomvu inqwaba;
• i-comb, kanye namacici wesayizi encane;
• amaphiko amancane;
• umlomo omncane wombala okhanyayo.

Isici esivelele samapokisi alokhu kuzalwa inyama kunamandla kakhulu, kodwa imilenze emifushane. Izingane ezinyakazayo nsuku zonke zinemibala emhlophe.

Uhlobo lwe-broilers ezinemibala lukhiqiza kakhulu.

Izinkukhu zinesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg, kanti amadoda amakhulu aphakathi kuka-6 no-7 kg ngokwesilinganiso. Ezinyangeni ezimbili, abantu abasha bafinyelela isisindo sika 2-3 kg futhi bangathathwa inyama. Izinkukhu zalolu hlobo zithatha isisindo ngendlela engokwemvelo ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile - phakathi nosuku mayelana namagremu angu-60.

Lesi sici sohlobo senza sikhangele kakhulu ukuhweba, njengoba kukhona ukubuyiselwa okusheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali.

Uhlobo lwe-Sasso luhlukaniswa nokukhiqizwa kweqanda elihle - cishe izingcezu ezingu-300 ngonyaka. Kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, lezi zinkukhu ziqala ukubeka amaqanda kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezingu-6-8, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangemva kokufinyelela unyaka owodwa.

Indlela yokukhula

U-Broilers Sasso ubeletha ngokunganaki ekunakekeleni nasekudleni.

Kodwa, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesisindo esisheshayo nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kulezi zinkukhu, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

• izinga lokushisa elihle kufanele libe yi-18 ° C;
• inikeze indawo yokuphumula kanye nokufinyelela emoyeni omusha, kodwa akumele kube khona amashidi;
• akufanele kube namanzi egumbini;
• ukuqapha ukoma kanye nokuhlanzeka kwekamelo - ukukhipha igciwane ekamelweni ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwabathengi nabaphuzayo, kanye nokuhlanza ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ubeke umbhede ophansi;
• sebenzisa njalo ukuhamba emgwaqweni.

Yini ongayidla

Ukudla kwe-Sasso yenkukhu yezinkukhu akufani neze nakwezinye izinhlobo zemfuyo. Into eyinhloko ukuthi izinyoni zidla ukugcwala kwazo. Abantu abadala kufanele badliwe okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Ukudla okwenziwe okwenziwe ngefektri okulungiselelwe, okufaka zonke izakhi, amavithamini abalulekile namaminerali.

Ukudla okunjalo, kucabangela iminyaka yabo kanye nezici ezikhulayo, kuqala, ukukhula nokuqeda. I-downside kuphela yintengo ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukukhiqiza ukudla kwabo.

Izakhi eziyinhloko zokudla ziyi-feed elandelayo:

• izingxube zokusanhlamvu - ukolweni, oats, i-millet, ummbila, ibhali, i-bran;
• ikhekhe le-sunflower;
• izithelo nemifino;
• imifino notshani;
• i-cottage cheese;
• inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba noma isidlo sezinhlanzi;
• imvubelo yesibhakabhaka;
• ikham emanzi.

Izingxube zezinhlamvu ziyasiza ekwenzeni ubisi noma i-kefir.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala, izinkukhu zinikezwa amaqanda abilisiwe abomvu, futhi emva kokusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe.

Ezinsukwini ezingu-14, ungangena kumazambane abilisiwe, ikhekhe le-sunflower noma amantongomane. Ukunikeza amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo.

Ukwakheka kwamathambo kanye namandla amathambo, kubalulekile ukunikeza isikhombi, inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi.

Izinzuzo zozalo

Abalimi abaningi kanye nabalimi bakhetha i-Sasso broilers yokuzalanisa ngenxa yezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• ukumelana nezifo eziningi;
• ukuqina okukhulu nokuphila;
• ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
• inzuzo yesisindo esheshayo;
• ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa;
• ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi;
• izindleko eziphansi;
• ukutholakala kanye nezindleko ezifanele;
• ukunambitheka kakhulu kwenyama.

Ama-broilers ombala ahlukaniswa nokuzuza ngokushesha kwesisindo kanye nokukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu. Azinenhlonipho, futhi zingagcinwa ezinkukhu ezijwayelekile zenkukhu. Ukuze kubuyelwe okuhle kulezi zinsuku, ukudla okunempilo nokulungiswa okufanele kufanele kuhlelwe.

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kuveza ukuzalwa kukaSasso. Njengoba la ma-broilers ayimifino, lapho bebeletha ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuthenga isitokisi esincane noma ukuqothula amaqanda kulezi zizwe.