Izinkukhu zezinkukhu ezinamaqanda amakhulu kakhulu

Izinkukhu yizinhlobo zezinkukhu ezivame kakhulu. Ngokuvamile zivuliwe emapulazini azimele ukuze uthole amaqanda. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo kanye nezinsika zezinkukhu zokuqondisa amaqanda ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu kanye nosayizi omkhulu weqanda zithandekayo kokubili kubakhiqizi abakhulu nakwamapulazi amancane. Ake sijwayelane nezici zabo nezinkomba ezikhiqizayo.

Leggorny

Kufakazelwe eminyakeni edlule evela e-Italy, eyathuthukisa amaMelika. I-Leggorny ihlukaniswa ukungahloniphi kwabo nokulula kokuqukethwe, bayakubekezelela kahle. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalolu hlobo, kodwa kaningi, i-leggorn imhlophe. Baqala ukugijima masinyane - kusukela ezinyangeni ezine kuya ezinhlanu. Amaqanda e-Leghorn anegobolondo elimhlophe elimhlophe. Ukusimama okufakelwayo akukhuliswa ikakhulukazi, futhi izinkukhu zisuswe ku-incubator. Izinkukhu zinesilinganiso esihle sokusinda sama-95%. Zikhiqizwa kakhulu ngonyaka wokuqala, kanti ukukhiqiza kwabo kunciphisa. Futhi ekuqaleni, ngenyanga yokuqala, amaqanda abo awawona mkhulu kakhulu, kodwa kancane kancane abe mkhulu. Emva kweminyaka emibili, izendlalelo zivame ukuthunyelwa ekuhlatshweni. Inyama yabo inzima futhi ifanele izitsha ngokupheka eside (isibonelo, aspic). Abesilisa badla isisindo esingaba ngu-2.5-3 kg. Ngokuvamile ama-10-15 abesifazane abeletha i-rooster eyodwa. Ungagcina le nyoni ngezimo ezihlukene, kodwa ukuhamba kuyobazuzisa futhi kube nemiphumela emihle kumakhono okukhiqiza. Ezimweni zangaphandle, nazo zidla kudlelo. Lezi zinyoni ezikhuthele kudingeka zidonsa amaphiko azo noma zenze i-corral ephakeme.

Izici eziyinhloko zama-white leggorn hens enikezwe etafuleni elingezansi.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ezinkukhu kudonsela isidingo esincane sokudla, kuhlangene nekhono lokuthwala amaqanda amaningi, ikhono lokuqothula izinkukhu ngokwazo. Lolu hlobo lubuye luthandeke ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-hybri amasha nokuzalisa ezinye izinhlobo.

Izinkukhu zohlobo lwezinyosi zazibandakanyeka ekuzaleni izinhlobo eziningi neziphambano, njenge-legbar, borkivka, iz-brown.

I-lwar leggorn

Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ze-leggorn, enesayizi encane kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amahle. Unamanye amagama - B-33, i-White mini. Izo zonke izici ze-leggorn: ukungathobeki, ikhono lokubekezelela ukubandisa, ukusimama okuvuthayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu, njll, kodwa akudingi insimu enkulu yokuhamba. Lolu hlobo ludla ukudla okungaphansi, kodwa lufuna izinga layo.

Kubalulekile! Ukondla izinkukhu kumele kube nokulinganisela, kungenjalo ngosuku lweshumi lokuphila kungase kube neminwe ephihliwe, okuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwemilenze nokuhamba. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubangelwa amaprotheni okweqile ekudleni. Ukudla okungalingani (uma kunamaprotheni amaningi noma okwanele) kuholela ekunciphiseni ikhono lokuthwala amaqanda.

Abesilisa balesi sizukulwane banesisindo esingaphezu kuka-1.7 kg, babonise umsebenzi omkhulu owenzela abesifazane. Lezi zinhlobo zinezinyosi eziphakeme kakhulu - ama-95-98%.

Izici eziyinhloko zezinsikazi ezincane zesifazane

Izikhulu

Lezi zinambuzane zezinkukhu ezikhulayo zaseCzech ziyakulungele kakhulu abaqalayo, ngoba azizona nje izingqimba ezinhle ezinamaqanda amakhulu, kodwa futhi zinezinga eliphakeme lokusinda ezimweni ezimbi. Okubalulekile kuhlanganiswa nokubukeka kwe-esthétique nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu, ukumelana nezifo nokungathobeki. Lezi zinyoni ngenxa yobuningi bezinsipho zazo zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa. Zingagcinwa ezimweni ezihlukene, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke - ngokuhamba. Amanye amazwe aseYurophu ayakhula ezimweni zokulima izinkukhu eziphilayo. Abafuni ukudla, basebenzela ukudla kwabo ngokuzithandela ngenkathi behamba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama lezinkukhu "Elikhulu" lihlanganisa okungaphezulu kweyodwa isiphambano kusuka ezihlotsheni ezahlukene. Zihluke ngokuyinhloko embala wezinpaphe, izinkuni, ukubunjwa kwama-crest nezinye, ikakhulukazi izici zangaphandle. Umbala wezinpaphe kungenzeka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (isiphambano D-107). Amaqanda amakhulu awona omnyama kakhulu (D-100), futhi anesimo esihle sokushisa, futhi ama-sussex aphezulu (D-104) angakwazi ukuthwala amaqanda angama-320 ngonyaka, futhi abantu bawo basheshe bazuze isisindo, njengezinkukhu zokuqondisa amaqanda. Induna yalezi zinqamule isisindo 2.7-3.2 kg. I-eggshell yalezi zinqamuzana ngokuvamile i-tones brownish, kodwa kuneziphambano ezinkulu eziphethe amaqanda amhlophe. Umkhiqizo ophezulu kulezi zinkukhu uhlala iminyaka emithathu, bese uqala ukwehla njalo ngonyaka. Ukukhwabanisa kuqala kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-5.

Izici eziyinhloko zamakhosikazi aphezulu

Uma uqeda amaqanda, ungalahla amaqabunga amaqanda: angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokwengeza okuphakelayo noma umanyolo wegadi.

Loman Browns

Inkukhu ephukile ekhukhuka ibhekisela ekuqondiseni inyama kanye neqanda. Zingahlonywa epulazini lezinkukhu nasezindaweni ezincane ezizimele. Izinkukhu zisheshe zithole isisindo ngokudla okuncane kakhulu, okwenza lolu hlobo lubonakale ngenjongo yokuhweba.

Isiphambano saqalwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zePlymouth neRode Island. I-cross ephukile ebhaliswe ngo-1970 eJalimane futhi ibizo layo ngenxa yegama lenkampani ethi "Lohmann Tierzuht", eyayikhipha. Lezi zinyama ziye zasakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke izwekazi ngenxa yokukhiqiza kwazo. Isisindo sabantu besilisa sincane kakhulu kunaleso sezinkukhu - cishe u-3 kg. Izinkukhu zinomqondo ozolile futhi zihambisana kahle nezinye izinhlobo.

ULoman Brown unenzuzo yokuzivocavoca okusheshayo. Ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6, izinkukhu zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kocansi futhi zingathwala amaqanda. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza amaqanda amahle sihlala eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyithathu. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza amaqanda amakhulu sithatha amasonto angaba ngu-80, bese kuphakanyiswa ukuvumela izinkukhu zine inyama futhi zithathele amakhanda ezincane.

Funda futhi mayelana nezinkukhu zezinkukhu ezihamba phambili ezimhlophe.

Izinkukhu zaleli zwe eliphambene nazo ziyekezwa ngokucophelela futhi zibekezelela ngisho nokubanda kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha zivumelane nazo zonke izimo zezulu. Kodwa kunesimo esibalulekile sokugcinwa kwabo - isikhala esanele: endaweni encane yokuphila, baqala ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ezikhulayo nokuhambisana ngokugcwele kohlobo, ubukhulu bobuhlanga buyoba 98-99%.

Izici eziyinhloko zezinkukhu ziphuziwe nsundu kungabonakala etafuleni elingezansi.

Uyazi? Ngokwezivivinyo ze-DNA ezenziwe ososayensi, izinkukhu ziyisihlobo esiseduze sama-tyrannosaurs. Lezi zinkulu ezinkulu (isisindo esilinganiselwa ku-9.5 amathani) izilonda ezibulalayo zashona izigidi zeminyaka edlule ngenxa yempikiswano yemvelo.

Kuchinsky inkumbulo

Ukuzalwa kwe-Kuchinskaya anniversary kusho inyama kanye nesiqondiso seqanda. Lezi zinyoni azizithobeki ekunakekeleni futhi zinokuqina okukhulu, zingagcinwa ezimweni ezahlukene. Izinkukhu zivumelanisa ngokushesha noma yikuphi izimo zezulu, ziphikisana nokungafani kwezakhi zofuzo, njengokuhamba emoyeni omusha. Ziyakwazi ukukhula okusheshayo nokuzuza kwesisindo - ngezinyanga ezingu-2.5 zithatha isisindo sibe ngu-1.5 kg. Lolu hlobo aluhlukanisi nje kuphela ngokukhiqizwa kweqanda, kodwa nangomzimba omuhle wekhwalithi. Lapho usukhulile, izinkukhu zifinyelela isisindo sika 2.7-3 kg, kanye nama-rooster kancane - 3.4-4 kg. Inkukhu inyama iqukethe amaprotheni angaba ngu-25.3% futhi inethulo elihle. Ukuqanda amaqanda kunganqanda okwesikhashana ukunikeza amaqanda ngesikhathi sokulumba.

I-eggshell inombala obomvu ukuze ibe mnandi ngombala. I-instinct ehlelwe kahle i-nasizhivaniya. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-180. Izindwangu zinezinga lokuzala elingama-95%, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izinkukhu zenzeka cishe ngo-77-87%. Ukuphila kwabantu abasha kufinyelela ku-98.7%, futhi abadala - cishe 95%.

Lezi zinyoni zinobungane futhi zilinganisela. Ukuqinisekisa amahle amaqanda ama-13-15 hens, iqhude elilodwa lanele. Le nqubo ihilela izinhlobo ezintathu zemigqa yembala:

• nge-delineation kabili;
• kanye nokuba khona komphetho;
• i-speckled.

Izinkukhu zinomzimba onamandla owakhiwe, ohambisana nezinhlobo zenyama. Izici eziyinhloko zeJaji lezinkukhu zikaChuhi kungabonakala etafuleni elingezansi.

Thola ukuthi iqanda linesisindo esingakanani, kungani uthola amaqanda amabili e-yolk, amaqanda ane-yolk eluhlaza, negazi; kungani izinkukhu zikhipha amaqanda, zithwala amaqanda amancane, aziphathe kahle.

Ama-Highsexes

Izinkukhu zikaHaysex zihlukaniswa nokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokunakekelwa okungazitholi, ngenxa yokuthi zathola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi futhi zanda emhlabeni jikelele.

Okokuqala, ngokuzalanisa kwatholakala i-highsex emhlophe. Isiphambano sasinesisindo esihle nesifiso. Ngemva kwesikhashana, abalimi babe nomunye umbono - i-highsex brown. Lezi zinkukhu zazibhekene nokuphikiswa kwezifo eziningi. Ngemingcele yayo, u-Hisex White ufana nezinduna ze-leggorn. Zinezakhiwo ezinhle, amapulazi amhlophe emaphethelweni kwezinye izindawo anezinhlanzi ezibomvu. Ekhanda elincane kukhona ikomishi elibomvu elimahlamvu. U-Hisex Brown uhlukaniswa nesisindo saso esikhulu futhi umbala obomvu nge-golden sheen. Amabala omhlophe ahlonishwa emaphethelweni empaphe. Izikhukhukazi zezinkukhu zeHaysex zihlungwe ngokuphelele futhi zibonakala ngomsebenzi obalulekile. Lezi zinkukhu zihamba kahle futhi zihamba kahle nezinye izinkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Hisex Brown unomlingani onobungane kakhulu kunabalingani abamhlophe, futhi uyaphumelela kakhulu. Abamele balolu hlobo bayasebenza, futhi badinga indawo enhle yokuphila.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-Highsex Brown ne-Highsex White.

Izinkukhu zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kocansi ezinyangeni ezinhlanu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-indices-laying indices awayehlile iminyaka emithathu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlelwa kwamakhanda okuhleliwe kwenziwa kancane kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Le nyoni igcinwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda akhe aphakeme futhi avamile. Inyama ayinayo kahle izakhiwo futhi idinga ukwelashwa eside okushisa. Akukho sikhotho sokuqothula, kepha akudingeki noma, ngoba ama-highsexes awela.

Kubalulekile! Lapho kuzaliswa izinkukhu Hisex, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igobolondo lamaqanda abo liqinile, futhi izinkukhu azikwazi ukuhlala ziphuma kuwo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa kulo mzuzu futhi usize ekuqhekezeni igobolondo.

Ukuphila kwenzalo kungaphezu kwama-95%.

Izici eziyinhloko zezinkukhu ze-hesex zitholakala etafuleni elingezansi.

Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukuhlola amaqanda ngokushisa, isibonelo, ukuwafaka emanzini.

AmaRhodon

Izinkukhu i-rhodonite zihlonishwa ngokunakekelwa okungenakuzenzela nokukhiqiza okuhle. Lesi siphambano sagcwala eJalimane ngokuzalela ngenxa yokuwela isiphambano phakathi kweBrown ephukile ne-Rhode Island. ERussia, kutholakala i-subspecies enekhono lokukhiqiza amaqanda ngesikhathi seqhwa.

Izakhi ze-rhodonite azidingi lapho zikhulile futhi zinomuntu ozolile, zibekezelela ukushisa kakhulu. Zizogcinwa kahle emkhakheni wangasese. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphambano sokuqala esithathwe sinomkhiqizo ophansi kunabanye - emva kweminyaka eyi-1.5 ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwehle kakhulu. Kodwa ikhono lokubeka amaqanda kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili alincike eminyakeni yobukhuni.

Isisindo esibukhoma somuntu wesilisa sino-3 kg. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi emigqeni kuqala ngokuqala ekuqaleni - ezinyangeni ezine. Unomkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu eminyakeni engu-1.5, bese kuqalwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Igobolondo leqanda linombala obumnyama.

Inzuzo enkulu yalesi sizwe ukubeka ngokuqinile kwamaqanda, ngisho nalapho kuvela khona iqhwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinzima. Inzalo yalolu hlobo yenza ukuqina okukhulu.

Uyazi? Ukuze izinkukhu zohlobo olubuzwayo zinganciphisi ukukhiqiza amaqanda azo emva kokuqala kweminyaka eyi-1.5 ubudala, ukulungiswa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi "ukugoma kabusha" kunikezwa izinkukhu. Emva kokungenelela okunjalo, inkukhu izoqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo namanye amaviki angu-80.

Izendlalelo azikwazi ukutshala amaqanda, ngakho-ke, i-incubator iyadingeka ekuzaliseni lolu hlobo. Ukuba khona kwe-rooster akudingekile, ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu akuxhomeki kuyo. Nakuba kunconywa ukuthi ugcine ukugcina umyalelo endlini yenkukhu. Izici eziyinhloko zezinkukhu ze-rhodonite zinikezwa etafuleni elingezansi.

Ukuze ulondoloze amaqanda isikhathi eside, ungasebenzisa indlela yokuqandisa.

Imigqa ephezulu

Olunye uhlobo lwezinkukhu ezinomkhiqizo ophezulu weqanda liphezulu-line. Lezi zinyoni zinobungane kakhulu, zinamandla futhi zingahlala ngokuthula nezinye izinhlobo. Ziyamelana nezifo eziningi futhi zinenzuzo kakhulu ngokugcinwa. Lesi yisiphambano esingahlanjululwa ngesilinganiso sezimboni futhi sigcinwe kalula emapulazini amancane angasese. Iziphambano eziphezulu: Brown, Silver Brown, Sonia, w-36 Isiphambano sakhiwe yinkampani yaseMelika "Hy-Line International". Ngokuzalanisa, lezi zinhlobo ezincane ezilandelayo zakhiwe: izinsikazi ezibomvu eziphezulu, inhlava yesiliva kanye ne-dormouse - zihluka emanzini abomvu futhi zithwala amaqanda asundu, futhi iziphambano ze-W-36, W-77 ne-W-98 zinezimpaphe ezimhlophe futhi, ngokufanayo, zinika amaqanda umbala omhlophe. Izinkukhu azilutho ngaphezu kuka 2.5 kg, futhi ama-roosters awaqiki ngaphezu kuka-3 kg.

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka cishe izinyanga ezingu-5. Ukuphila kohlobo kuphezulu kakhulu - cishe ngo-96-98%. Iziphambano eziphezulu zombala ezimhlophe nezigqamile ezihamba phambili zihlukile kancane ngokusebenza.

Izici eziyinhloko zezinkukhu eziphezulu zezinkukhu zingabonakala etafuleni elingezansi.

Umhlophe waseRussia

Izinkukhu zizala ezimhlophe zaseRussia zithandwa ngenxa yokulula, ukuncelisa nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Uhlobo olukhulunywa ngalo lwaluvuthwa eRussia ngokuwela umhlanga we-Leghorn nezinkukhu zendawo. Lezi zinyoni azizithobeki ekunakekeleni, ziphikisana nezifo eziningi futhi zibekezelela kahle ngesikhathi sokubandayo nge-frosts. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama akufanelekile. Isisindo se-cock is hhayi ngaphezu kuka-2.5 kg.

Izinkukhu zibhekwa ngokubunjwa komzimba okukhulu kakhulu nombala omsulwa omhlophe, ngenxa yokuthi zithola igama labo lesibili - "I-Snow White". Isici sesici siyisibhakabhaka esikhulu, simile ngokuqondile emadodeni, futhi sincane, silenga kancane emantwini. Izinkukhu zifinyelela ekutholeni ezinyangeni ezinhlanu. Le nyoni inamandla amakhulu - ukusinda kwenkukhu cishe ngo-96%. Baye balahlekelwa ukuhlakanipha kwabo ukuxosha, ngakho izinkukhu zisuswe ku-incubator.

Uma kuzaliswa izinkuni ezimhlophe zaseRussia, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi zingakwazi ukuhamba kahle, ngakho-ke kudingeka zidonsa amaphiko azo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi zivikele isikebhe nge-net high. Izici eziyinhloko zohlobo lwezinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia zingabonakala etafuleni elingezansi.

Ukuze izinkukhu zithwale amaqanda, akudingekile ukuba ne-rooster: abantu abesilisa bayadingeka ukuze bahlwanyele uma kuzaliswa izinkukhu.

Pushkinskaya

Inkukhu yokuzala yasePushkin iphelele ukulima nokulondolozwa emkhakheni wangasese. Le nyoni ayihlukanisi nje kuphela ngokukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphakeme, kodwa futhi ngokudla okunomzimba omuhle kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkukhu ezinjalo azizithobeki ngokunakekela nokudla. Igama lohlobo lwalungenxa yedolobha lasePushkin, lapho ukuzalanisa lezi zinkukhu zaqalwa khona. Okhokho babeyi-Leghorn ne-Australorps. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-subspecies zohlobo - eyodwa itholakala eSergiev Posad, enye inikwe i-Pushkin. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlophe ukhona emadodeni, kuyilapho abesifazane bebusa ngobumnyama. Kukhona futhi umbala omnyama omhlophe nomhlophe we-plumage.

Isisindo se-rooster sikhulu kakhulu kunesigcawu - 2.5-3 kg. Amadoda avame ukuvunyelwa enyameni enombala omhlophe nokunambitheka okuhle. Isisindo samagciwane silinganiselwa ku-1.8-2.5 kg kakade eneminyaka emihlanu.

Lezi zinyoni zinayo uhlamvu lomlingani olinganiselayo futhi uhambisane nezinye izinhlobo ngokuzithoba. Ukuze silondoloze i-cocken coop, izazi zincoma ukuncoma i-rooster ngezinkukhu ezingu-20. Kodwa uma kukhona ama-rooster amaningi, izingxabano ngeke zigweme. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ku-Pushkin hens kuza ezinyangeni ezingu-4.5-5. Amaqanda okuqala angaba ngu-50 amagremu ngesisindo esisodwa, kepha uma esekhulile, amaqanda amaqanda abe mkhulu. Iphuzu elihle lokuthi ukubeka amaqanda kuqhubeka nokubonakala kweqhwa. I-eggshell ikhilimu noma imhlophe. Amaqanda abeka izinkukhu alahlekelwa yiminyaka engu-3-4, okusho ukuthi ukushintshwa kwemfuyo kwenziwa kancane kancane. Ukuzala kwamaqanda kuphakeme - 90-95%, kanti ukungazitholi kwenzalo kuyinto engu-80%.

Ngokuphathelene nokunakekelwa, lolu hlobo aluhloniphekile futhi luyathutha ngokusanhlamvu iqhwa, kodwa njalo udinga ukunakekela i-coop efudumele yobusuku. Izici eziyinhloko zezinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia zingabonakala etafuleni elingezansi.

Ukudla amaqanda aluhlaza, qaphela: umkhiqizo owuhlobo oluhlaza ungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esibi - i-salmonellosis.

Manje ekukhiqizeni amaqanda, izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene nezinsika zezinkukhu zamaqanda kanye nezinkomba zezinyosi-inyama ezinamaqanda amakhulu eqanda, ezihlukaniswa ngokulula nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ziye zavuthwa. Ekuqaleni kokukhiqiza, izinkukhu zivame ukuthwala amaqanda amancane, ekugcineni abe amakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lezinkukhu kufanele livuselelwe njalo eminyakeni embalwa, njengoba ngokuvamile likhiqizwa kahle ngamaqanda kuphela eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala. Ungabuyekeza imfuyo ngokwakho, uma unomhlobo osungulwe kahle.