Uma une okungenani ucezu oluncane lomhlaba ongasensimini, khona-ke isinqumo esifanele siyobe sihlwanyela umuthi we-apula wasebusika kuwo, ngoba isivuno saso siyojabula ngokukodwa lapho kunezithelo ezincane kangaka. Ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwenza okuthandayo, kubalulekile ukujwayela ezinye zazo ngokuningiliziwe.
Mhlawumbe, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 zalezi zihlahla ezimnandi ezithela izithelo, ngakho-ke, uma uhlolisisile ngokuningiliziwe okuthandwa kakhulu, ungakhetha ubuhle obufanelana nokuthandwa kwakho. Ngakho ...
Apple ezihlukahlukene Antonovka
Izincazelo ezihlukahlukene
I-oval izithelo Lesi sihlahla se-apula siyaziwa ngawo wonke umbala wegolide ophuzi nephunga eliyingqayizivele. I-Antonovka ivame kulo lonke elaseRussia, ngoba iphendula ngokugcwele kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu zesigaba sethu. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ama-apula anemibala eluhlaza okwebala emigqomo ephuzi, abhekene nokugqwala okunamandla kombhobho.
Inyama inamanzi amaningi, i-snow-white, i-crispy enomnandi omuhle kakhulu futhi enomuncu. Ngosayizi, bangabizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso, isisindo esivamile se-apula ngu-150g. NgoSeptemba, ukuvunwa kwala ma-apula ukulungele ukuvunwa, futhi ngokulandela izimo zokugcina ezidingekayo, izithelo eziqoqiwe zizokuthokozisa kuze kube nguJanuwari.
Izihlahla Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinamahlamvu asobuhle, amaqabunga namagxolo amakhulu anesibhakabhaka, angesabi ngisho nama-frosts abanzi. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi izithombo ezincane kakhulu kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukushisa okunzima. I-Blossom Antonovka iqala ukuphumula, ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi izinhlobo zebusika zihlukile ezihlobo zasehlobo ngoba izithelo zazo zinamazinga amabili okuvuthwa - lokhu kukhula komthengi futhi kususwe.
Ukuvuthwa kwabathengi - yisikhathi lapho izithelo zithola zonke izici zayo: iphunga, ukunambitheka nombala. Ukuvuthwa okukhishweyo yisikhathi lapho izithelo sezivele zakhiwe ngokugcwele futhi zilungele ukuvunwa. Izinhlobo zasehlobo, singasisebenzisa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna.
Isikhathi sokukhula kwabathengi kuma apula ase-Antonovka siza ngenyanga ngemuva kokuvuna. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka ukuhluma kunomsoco, ngonyaka wesi-7 emva kokutshala, kodwa ngokunakekelwa kahle nokuhle, isivuno singavuna ngonyaka wesihlanu.
Lesi sihlahla sinalo izindleko ezaneleukuhola phakathi kwezinhlobo zasebusika. Lokhu ukuphikiswa okukhulu kakhulu emaqabunga amakhulu, futhi ukumelana okuphawulekayo kwesifo esinjengesiko. Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwesitshalo kanye nevolumu yayo enhle kakhulu, ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nokufunwa kwesithelo.
Ukungalungi kungaba kuphela usuku olwedlule lokungena e-fruiting. Nakuba lokhu kuyinselele encane, ngoba Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, eziletha isivuno sokuqala kuphela iminyaka engu-9 kuya kwe-10 emva kokutshala.
Ukunakekela izihlahla ze-Antonovka
Ngaphakathi izici zokunakekelwa Izihlahla zezithelo zingabandakanya:
- Ukusika izikhathi ngesikhathi, kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho. Omunye akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi uma ukusika kungenziwa ngokungalungile, kungabhubhisa umuthi noma kunciphise inani lesitshalo;
- Umbuthano wesondo wesondo nokufaka umanyolo;
- ukwenza imisebenzi ehlose ukuvikela i-apula esiqhingini esinzima;
- ukuvikelwa kwesihlahla kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
- ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela okwanele ukusekwa okugcwele kwesitshalo.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi ukusika izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Okushiwo ukusikwa kwesihlahla sentswasahlobo ukukhipha amagatsha angeke akwazi ukuma amaqhwa anamandla. Into eyinhloko ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokwakheka kwefihlekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalimaza umuthi. Ukwehla kwe-autumn kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, kungenjalo isihlahla singase sikwazi ukubekezelela ubusika kabi.
Izihlahla ezincane zikhawulwa ukuze zifake kahle umqhele, futhi izihlahla ezindala ngale ndlela zilahle amagatsha amadala, okwenza kube nokukhululeka okukhulu. Ukudubula ekwindla kwenziwa ngokwemithetho elandelayo:
Okokuqala bakhipha amagatsha angadingekile, asebekhulile kakhulu futhi avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela amancane;
Amagatsha akhula ngecala elimnandi noma e-trunk asuswa;
unomzimba oqinile wamagatsha e-apula;
Zonke izindawo ezincane ziphathwa ngokucophelela nge-pitch engadini, ukudweba amafutha noma amafutha e-linseed, ukuqinisa kangcono "isilonda."
Zalisa Umuthi we-Apple kufanele udingeke. Kodwa awukwazi ukuyiqeda - inani elikhulu lokugqoka eliphezulu lingalimaza uhlelo lwempande. Kumele futhi wazi ukuthi umquba ophilayo awukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza, kufanele uvinjiswe, ngaphandle kwalokho uzobangela ukushisa izimpande.
Ngesikhathi ukumba eduze nesitshalo kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, i-apula iyondliwa ngamaminerali, kuhlanganise ne-potassium chloride, i-superphosphate, ne-ash ash. Umanyolo we-umquba udla ngesikhathi sokunisela - kungcono ukuxhaswa yizimpande. Umunwe we-Organic inhlabathi emjikelezweni oseduze.
Imigomo nemvamisa yokuchelela Kuxhomeke kusiphi isifunda noma indawo yesimo sezulu umuthi we-apula utshalwe kuwo. Njengoba inani lemvula lidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile nokuhluma kwesihlahla, kuyadingeka ukunquma izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi bese uhlela isimiso sokunisela ikakhulukazi engadini yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isifundo somhlabathi senziwa - ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angu-40, isampula sithathwa futhi sinyanyiswa entendeni yesandla sakho.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngehlobo, ekwindla nangezinhlobo zasebusika zama-apula.
Uma umhlaba uqubuka, kusho ukuthi inhlabathi ayinelanga ngokwanele. Okufanelekile, inhlama kufanele ibambe kahle futhi ingabi izandla. Ukushisa kwamanzi okunisela kungcono ngaphakathi kwama-degree angu-25. Ukuze unciphise ukugeleza komthamo futhi alungiselele isihlahla ebusika, ukuchelela kokugcina kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokugaya ekwindla kwesondlo esiseduzane nomanyolo womhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuthi amagatsha aqothulwe, umuthi udliwa futhi ugunwe, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izinhlayiya endaweni. Amaqabunga awile kanye nezinye izidumbu ziyizindawo ezinhle zokuzalanisa izinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Indawo engaphandle kobubanzi bomqhele kufanele iguqulwe ama-bayonethi angama-2 ukuze ichithe izidleke zezinambuzane ezilungiselelwe ubusika.
Emva kwalokho udinga ukubamba ukugcoba i-trunk namagatsha - Kuzovikela ngokuphelele amagxolo ekushiseni kwelanga, ngoba ebusika kukhona ukudonsa okushisayo okukhulu ngemva kokushona kwelanga. I-trunk yomuthi igcwala izibhamu, iphepha noma izigqoko futhi zisebenzisa amagatsha e-pin ne-spruce, angasetshenziselwa ukugoqa umjikelezo oseduze. Lokhu kuzovikela umuthi we-apula, hhayi kuphela ezinambuzane ezincane kodwa ezincane. Lezi yizigaba eziyinhloko zokulungiselela izihlahla ze-apula ebusika.
Bambalwa balimi bayazi ukuthi uma uthenga umshini wokugcoba kubalulekile ukukhumbula nokumaka ohlangothini lwaso oluseningizimu, futhi lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile sokutshala okufanele.
Uhlangothi oluseningizimu lomuthi kufanele 'lubukeke kahle' eningizimu, lokhu kuzokwenyusa izinga lokukhiqiza eminyakeni yokuqala. Ngemuva kokuthi udinga ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuphakama kusuka kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Izinga elihle lezenzakalo okungenani li-3m kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba.
Isayithi kufanele isuswe emanzini, ubola amaqabunga nokhula. Khetha indawo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuthola khona okuhle, ambalwa ama-apula angakhula emthunzini obala. Futhi manje ungaqala ukufika.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala i-apula sihlobo sentshonalanga noma ekwindla zakuqala. Qinisekisa ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, kungenjalo isihlahla ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi ngeke sisinde ebusika bokuqala.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula Ukuphuma kwelanga
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Lezi apula ezinamahloni, ezinamapulangwe ezinomsindo omncane ovuthwe ngo-Septhemba, kodwa lokhu akuzivimbeli ukuba zigcinwe ngokuphelele kuze kube yinyanga yokuqala yokuqala. Unesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinomfutho obomvu obomvu.
Bawuthandeka, futhi bakhulume kabi, banalo ukunambitheka okuyisipesheli. Isisindo singathiwa yizithelo ezinkulu. Lezi apula zibhekwa njengezihle kakhulu.
Apple "Sunrise" - umuthi sredneroslye. Unomqhele ohlosiwe owenziwe ngamagatsha ombala obomvu, obonakala cishe ekhoneni elingakwesokudla esihlahleni. Amaqabunga ahamba phambili, ahamba phambili, enqenqemeni lwe-wavy kancane. Izinga lokuvunwa lihle. Ukuxuba okuxubile, kodwa okuvamile.
Imiklomelo Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ziyi-frost ukumelana nokumelana nezifo ezinjengesiko ne-powdery isikhutha, ukubekezela okuhle kwesomiso, impilo yokuvuna ende. Futhi, la ma-apula anesisindo esikhulu sevithamini C - kufika ku-20.2 mg / 100g.
Ukungalungi i-wilting kancane yesithelo ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezinsuku ze-Sunrise
Ukunakekelwa kwelanga ngoba izihlahla ze-apula ziqala ngokususwa kwezindlela zokuvikelwa kwesihlahla kusuka ezinambuzane naseqhwa. Khona-ke umuthi we-apula ukhipha izihlahla ezinamakhaza. Inhlabathi ikhulelwa, igubha, ukuchelela okwanele kuqinisekiswa. Kubalulekile ukwenza konke ukuze umuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okugcwele, futhi, futhi, uyokujabulela ngokuvunwa okucebile.
Ehlobo Umuthi we-apula udinga ukuphuza kakhulu, futhi ekwindla, emva kokuvuna, umuthi ulungiselelwe ngokucophelela ubusika. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusika izihlahla ezifanele, ukumba ngaphakathi kanye nomanyolo wombuthano we-trunk, ukwelashwa kwesihlahla kusuka ezinambuzane kanye nesihlava. Ukumboza umuthi we-apula ekushiseni okuqinile nokushisa kwelanga ebusika, ukuvikela uhlelo lwempande kanye namagxolo esitokisini namagatsha avela ezinambuzane ezincane nezinkulu.
Izihlahla ezinkulu Umuthi ubanjwe njalo ngonyaka ekwindla. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uthathe lesi senzakalo, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela izici zayo. Izihlahla ezincane zikhawulwa ukuze zenze kahle umqhele, ukwenza lokhu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagatsha amakhulu ahamba ibanga elilodwa ukusuka komunye nomunye. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuba amahlumela athuthuke ngokulinganayo nangokufanele.
Imithi yama-apula asebekhulile, enganakekelwa idinga ukuguqulwa iminyaka eminingana, ngoba ukusika okucophelela, okuphelele kungabhubhisa isihlahla. Okokuqala, basusa amagatsha amakhulu namancane aphansi emhlabathini, kanye nalabo abakhula esiqondeni se-trunk. Khona-ke amahlumela asuswe, okwenza ukuqina ngokweqile, amagatsha agulayo.
Akunjalo akufanele kubekwe esimweni sezulu esinomvula, sezulu. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuqiniseni okuncane emiphakathini. Izigaba zicutshungulwa.
Kuwo wonke unyaka, umuthi we-apula unayo izimpande ezine eziyinhloko zokugqoka.
Phakathi naphakathi kwentwasahlobo, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kuqala nje, u-500-600g we-urea uchitheka nxazonke ze-apula. Ungasebenzisa futhi ngamabhakede ama-humus angama-3 kuya ku-10, kuye ngokuthi unesihlahla sini. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesigaba sokuqhakaza, isigaba sesibili sokukhulelwa kwenhlabathi senziwa. Kungcono ukukwenza ukugqoka amanzi, ngoba kungcono ukuxhaswa yizimpande.
Ngamandla ama-200 amalitha engeza u-1 kg we-superphosphate, ama-10 amalitha wezinyoni ze-bird, 800 g we-potassium sulfate nama-20 amalitha omquba wamanzi. Lezi zingxenye zixubene kahle, futhi ngemuva kwesonto bawuthela umuthi owuthola ngokuhlambalaza. Kumuthi omusha we-apula kufanele usetshenziswe ngamalitha ayi-15, futhi kumuthi omdala - kuze kufike ku-50 amalitha wokugqoka okuphezulu. Ngaphambi nangemva kokudla, i-apula kufanele ithulwe ngamanzi.
Okusha, lo mbuthano awukwazi ukusetshenziselwa, ngoba lokhu kuzobangela ukuthi impande ishise. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi sokuthulula ama-apula, kubalulekile ukufeza isigaba sesithathu sokukhulelwa kwenhlabathi. Emathonjeni angamakhulu amabili-litre amanzi aphezulu, hlaziya 20 g we-sodium humate eyomile kanye no-1 kg we-nitrophoska. Umanyolo ophelile uthululwa phezu kwesihlahla.
Ukuphuza ivolumu ngoba umuthi owodwa ufana nesikhathi sokudla kwesibili. Uma sonke isivuno sesivunyiwe, umuthi uthathwa futhi uphathwe izinambuzane - isigaba sokugcina sokudla senziwa. I-300 g ye-superphosphate ne-300 g we-potassium sulfate isetshenziselwa umuthi ngamunye we-apula.
Lezi zifaka umquba zingasetshenziswa esimweni esomile, ngaphambi kokuxubana nenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokumba umjikelezo we-pristvolnogo. Uma isimo sezulu singakuphazamisi ngemvula - kungcono ukuhlanza ngamanzi bese uphuza umuthi.
Njengoba sesivele sibhala ngenhla, imvamisa nokuchichima kokunisela kuxhomeke kuleso sikhathi, indawo yezulu kanye nokusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ehlobo, izihlahla ze-apula ziyakuthanda kakhulu umqhele wazo ziphuziswa kusukela eshaweni. Lokhu kuphuza kususa konke ukungcola, izinambuzane ezincane kanye nezingxabano zezifo ezehlukene ezivela emaqabunga omuthi. Akekho lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo. Ekuseni ekuseni noma kusihlwa, amaqabunga amanzi angeke athole ukushisa ilanga.
I-Apple "Sunrise" isihlahla esiqinile esibandayo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi akudingi ukulungiselela ngokucophelela ubusika.
Ukugcoba isiqu kanye namagatsha ezithelo ezivuthiwe akugcini nje kuphela ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane nezifo, kodwa futhi kukhulisa ukuqina kwabo kwamaqhwa. Le nqubo ilula, udinga kuphela ukwazi ukulungisa kahle ikhambi ngokwayo.
Ngakho, ukulungiswa kwesisombululo kuzodinga i-300g ye-lime fluff, 2st. Izinkezo ze-glue zokubhala noma i-PVA glue ingasetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni sokubamba isigamu sesilazi zobisi, 1st. l i-sulphate yethusi ne-tsp DDT powder, amanzi adinga 2n. Ingxube eholayo ivuselelwa ukuthola inqwaba yemifino.
Isixazululo esiphelele sizovikela lesi sihlahla hhayi kuphela emisebeni yelanga, kodwa futhi siwakhulule emantwini wezinambuzane ezilimazayo ezitholakala emagqumeni. Ukwakhiwa kwesisombululo kungahlukahluka, kuncike ekutheni umuthi udinga ukugcoba. Isibonelo, izitshalo ezincane azikwazi ukucwiliswa nge-lime, ngakho-ke isisombululo sishintshwa yi-choki. Uma umuthi udinga ukondla okwengeziwe nge-iron, khona-ke esikhundleni sensimbi ungasebenzisa i-iron sulphate.
Loluhlobo lwesihlahla sama-apula aluhloniphekile. Kodwa namanje, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu esivandeni sakho, udinga ukwazi isikhathi futhi ama-nuances athile wokutshala i-apula. Izitshalo ezihlelekile yizo ezifanele kakhulu izihlahla ze-apula, kodwa uma ubumba noma isihlabathi sithinta indawo yakho, indawo yokutshala kumele ilungiselelwe ngokucophelela.
Umhlaba ocacile uhlanganiswe nesihlabathi, i-peat kanye ne-compost ukukhulisa inani lomoya kulo. Futhi isihlabathi - sihlanjululwe ngomsindo omkhulu we-peat, umquba, ubumba nama-humus. Njengoba i-apula yethu ingokwezihlahla ze-srednerosly, isayithi kufanele lilungiswe kunalokho likhulu, ngakho-ke njengoba likhula, alinakho ukungena kwesikhala sokukhanya noma isikhala.
Isikhathi sokuhamba khetha phakathi entwasahlobo noma ephakathi kwekwindla ukunikeza isihlahla isikhathi esanele sokuvuthwa kwezimoto, ngaphandle kwalokho isimo sezulu esishisayo noma esinamaqanda singabhubhisa imbuto.
