Isibonelo sokunakekela izizukulwane ezidala - ama-apula ahlukahlukene e-Babushkino

Wonke umuntu unephunga elimnandi lekhekhe likagogo, inambitheka engenakulibaleka ye-berry yakhe jamu, ubuhle bensimu ka-shady ensimini phakathi kwezinkumbulo zobuntwana.

Ngakho-ke, izinkumbulo ezifudumele nezithinta umuntu zanikeza igama uhlobo oluthathwa ngabantu "I-apple kagogo".

Iyini indima ekudaleni izinhlobo ezintsha?

Indima yeBabushkino i-apula ehlukahlukene ekukhetheni kwezinye izinhlobo "> Sithola incazelo yegama elihlakeni lomlando (hhayi ukudideka ngendabuko yamahlaya!): Tula umninikhaya, ehlala eCrimea, ehlose ukuletha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula engadini yakhe.

Ngokombono we-pomologist ya-A.Petrov, ukukhetha kwakhe kuthiwa kwawa Rennet Champagne.

Le nkosikazi yayinenhlanhla kakhulu - ngemuva kwalokho, ihlane elijwayelekile lingakhula kusuka kumbewu ye-apula, kepha izithelo ezivumile kakhulu ezithembisa izithelo zikhethiwe ngaphandle kwezimbalwa eziyishumi nambili.

Abazukulu baqala ukumbiza ngokuthi "ugogo" wesihlahla. Futhi, ngemva kwalokho, igama elibhekwe ngamahemuhemu alinamathele ngokuqinile kwe-apple yalezi zinhlobo njenge-varietal.

IRejista Yombuso yama-apula ahlukahlukene uNogogo akazange afakenakuba isatholakala emasimini angasese kusuka eVoronezh kuya eSt. Petersburgukumboza konke Isifunda esiPhakathi. Hardiness ubusika obunzima, ukumelana ne-scab, omuhle kakhulu ukunambitheka izimfanelo advanced lokhu ezihlukahlukene in ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zasebusika zezihlahla ze-apula ngendima ebalulekile yesitoko:

I-Antonovka vulgaris, i-Aport, isivumelwano, uBorovinka noGranny Smith yizona ezithandwa kakhulu.

Iyiphi inkinga yokuzala exazulula?

1. Hardiness hardiness ebusika.
2. Ukungavikeleki kwezifo ze-fungal nezifakiwe.
3. Ukuvunwa okuhle.
4. Ukubukeka kwezithelo zezithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi.
5. Isikhathi sesitoreji (ezinye izakhi ezihlukahlukene ze-varietal zigcinwa kuze kufike isivuno esisha).
6. Izithelo ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokucubungula.
7. Ama-apula omkhulu awalahlekelwa yimfuno yomthengi ngaphezu kweminyaka.

Usizo: I-apple yomuthi kulezi zihlukahlukene kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya kwele-20 lalibhekwa njengesisekelo sezitshalo zezimboni endaweni ephakathi kweRussia.

Umkhiqizo wohlobo olufanayo ungabonisa izinhlobo ezinjalo: Borovinka, Volzhanka, Jonathan, Prima and Uslada.

Isithombe

Izici ze-varietal

• Lesi sihlahla sesithelo sinjalo ukuzimela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze uthole i-ovary, akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwenye i-apula, esebenza njenge-pollinator. I-carrier enkulu yempova kusuka emthini kuya esihlahleni izinyosi ezibandakanya ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi endaweni engamakhilomitha amabili.

  Ukuze uphumelele ukuphumelela kwe-apula kaMgogo, okungenani umuthi owodwa wempova esifundeni uzokwanela.

  Kuyafaneleka ngale njongo: Papirovka, Antonovka evamile, Shtreyfling, Cinnamon ezimthende, Borovinka.

  Ukubambisana nokusebenza kwe-pollination:
  

1. yiziphi izici ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pollinator ezingadlulisa;
2. Ingabe izimbali zezimbali nezihlahla zihambisana nesikhathi?
3. indlela inqubo yokuvota impova ngokwayo.

Kubalulekile: Uma kungenjalo izihlahla zokuvuthwa kwemithi engadini, kubalulekile ukuxhumanisa izithakazelo zakho nomakhelwane endaweni, noma ukuhlola ukutshala okuzungezile kwezitshalo zensimu ngaphakathi kwendawo engamakhilomitha amabili.

• Izitshalo zalolu hlobo ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvuthwa kokugcina kwesithelo akukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuna (ekupheleni kukaSeptemba), kodwa emva kwenyanga noma ngaphezulu, lapho isivuno sigcinwa ukuze sigcinwe. Ukunambitheka kwe-apula enjalo (nokugcina okulungile) akulahlekelwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.

  Izinhlobo zasebusika nazo zihlanganisa izihlahla ze-apula: i-Belfleur Bashkir, i-Bryansk Golden, i-Dzhonagold, i-Amazing ne-Lada.

• Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo ubonakala nge imvamisa (ngonyaka).
• Isihlahla se-Apple ikhula kancane. Isihlahla esivuthiwe ngaso sonke isikhathi siqala sekwephuzile: isivuno sokuqala kufanele silinde iminyaka engu-10-15. Kodwa emisebenzini yokuzala, ingaba ngu-50 ngisho neminyaka eyi-100.



• Ubunzima bebusika ebangeni buchazwe izici zesilinganiso seRussia ukushisa kwebusika emanzini, ekwindla zakuqala kanye namaqhwa asekupheleni entwasahlobo. Kodwa enyakatho yesifunda saseLeningrad, le apple ayilinywa.
• Izitshalo I-immune kuya kwezifo ze-fungal ne-putrid (isikhumba), kodwa singase sibe ngaphansi kokukhulelwa kwesibhamu.

  Ukuphikisa ukukhwabanisa kunezinhlobo: Hero of the Day, Rennet Chernenko, Zhigulevskoe, Bogatyr noBerkutovskoe.

• Apple Fruits sika ucebile nge-vitamin "C", ikhalori ephansi, inomphumela wokwelapha uma isetshenziselwa uhlelo ngeziguli eziphezulu. Ekusetshenzisweni kwawo kukhona ukujamu, ama-marmalade, izithelo ezifakiwe, ujamu, ijusi, iziphuzo zezithelo.
• Ama-apula omkhulu ukubekezelela kahle ukuhamba, isitoreji ezinqolobaneni, ku-attics ekushiseni okungcono - 0-1oє.

Ukubukeka

Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nesithelo.

Isihlahla

Isihlahla sifinyelela Amamitha ayi-5 ubude, ubude obuphakathi, nomqhele oqinile, amagatsha aphansi ahlala emhlabathini.

Isakhiwo somuthi siphelile futhi sinempilo, izinkuni zinzima futhi zinzima, okuyinto eyayiyinto yokuyisebenzisa ukuzalanisa njengesikhwama.

Amagatsha ase-skeleton anamandla futhi afane kahle, aguqulwa kancane phezulu. Womabili amagatsha namahlumela anemigqomo yombala okhanyayo. Izinso zimbalwa, zicindezelwe ngokuqinile.

Amaqabunga afana nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubomile, okwenziwe nge-spoon, amancane, nge-marginal notchedhed margin. I-pubescent elula. Ihlanganiswe nesilinganiso segatsha ngobukhulu nobude be-petioles. Izinqubo zokutshala izimila zazo ziphela phakathi kwehlobo, okuholela ekhiqiza amaqabunga amakhulu ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Izimbali ziqoqwe ku-inflorescences wezingcezu ezingu-3-5. Efihlekile kubheka pink, kodwa uma evuliwe, mhlophe. Ngosayizi, zikhulu kakhulu, ezinamafutha amahlanu, zifakwe ezinhlakeni ezinhlanu-izidleke kanye nama-stamens angu-20 anthers. Isigaba sesibhakabhaka senzeke eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi.

Izithelo

Izithelo ubukhulu obuphakathi (kufika ku-150 g). Ifakwe esiteshini esifushane segatsha. Umfaniswano wemibala: eluhlaza, lapho evuthiwe - ophuzi. Ngesinye isikhathi uhlangothi olukhanyayo luba nobuhlungu obunzima. Isikhumba sinyene, sinyuka kancane, sinamaqabunga amhlophe emboss. Inyama iyamanzi futhi imhlophe, ukunambitheka kuyamnandi futhi kuyomuncu, kunomnandi okwephunga newayini.

Ukutshala kuphi?

Impela yena njengemithambekeni eningizimu enothileyo, evikelekile emimoyeni oqinile, ukuze ilanga likhanyise amahora angu-6-7 ngosuku. Ngentaba enkulu, ama-slope adinga ukuqiniswa ngokugcina izindonga zemigodi ye-foam, izigxobo eziqhutshwa emhlabathini, noma ukugcoba i-weave ukugcina umhlaba ungangeni ekukhuliseni.

Indawo kufanele ikhethwe ngokucabangela imvelo yezitshalo, kude nekhishi kanye ne-veranda, ngoba ukuvuthwa okungavumelani izithelo kungase kuqhume, futhi inyamazane iheha izimpukane, abantu abacasulayo.

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba azoba yinhlekelele emthini omncane, ngoba ezinye izimpande ze-apula ziya phansi kumamitha angu-4. Ukulala okuphezulu kwamanzi ngeke kuvumele ukuthi isihlahla sizuze. Ukuvimbela le nkathazo, ngezinye izikhathi izihlahla zitshalwe emagqumeni noma emibhede, uma kunezihlahla eziningana zokutshala. Ukuphakama kwenhlabathi kuqiniswe nxazonke, njengoba kwenziwa emthambekeni.

Ngaphambi kokufika kufanele kuhlolwe ubuningi bomhlabathi: izihlahla ze-apple azithandi ukusebenza kwayo okusezingeni. Kulesi simo, kufanele engeza i-lime emhlabathini. Futhi-ke, akufanele uhlanyele umuthi omncane eduze noma eduze kwasekudala.

Inqubo yokufika

Isihluthulelo sempumelelo kanye nokuvuna okuzayo okuzayo kuyoba:

• isikhathi esikhethiwe kahle;
• umhlabathi olungiselelwe kahle;
• isithombo esinamandla;
• ubuchwepheshe bokufika ngokuqondile.

Ungatshala i-apula entwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli) nasekwindla (maphakathi no-Okthoba), kodwa lapho utshalwa ekwindla, uhlelo lwempande lunezimboni lunesikhathi esiningi sokujwayela nokulungiselela isikhathi sokutshala.

Uma izinhlelo zingakaze zifinyeleleke, futhi isikhathi sekwindla siphuthelwa, kungcono ukushiya izithombo ngaphambi prikopannymi ebusika, futhi plant - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isikhombisi esikhulu sokutshala kwentwasahlobo kumele kube ukushisa okushisa, okomile, kodwa isimo sezulu esinesibhakabhaka.

Indawo yokufika - umgodi onamamitha ayi-1.2 m, ububanzi buka-0.7 m buvunwa inyanga ngaphambi kokufika. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, igcwele 1/3 umanyolo ophilayo.

Ephakathi komgodi bayadonsela esigxotsheni, okuzosebenza njengesekelo lesigxobo esingaqinile. Esikhathini esithile esakhiwe ngenhlabathi engavamile, ehlwanyelwe, ngobumnene isakaze izimpande zesikhulumi futhi simboze umhlaba, ushiye intamo yentambo ebusweni.

Umhlaba ujikeleze isiqu wagxila phansi futhi wanisela kakhulu (kuze kube amabhakede amahlanu). Ekupheleni, umbuthano we-trunk uhambelana ne-peat noma i-humus. Ukulungisa umgqomo emgodleni akufanele kube yinkinga eminyakeni emibili ezayo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuphuza okuphindaphindiwe ukukhiqiza ngesonto, futhi-kuze ku-Agasti.

Isithelo somuthi kusuka kumbewu yelanga? Umsebenzi onesizotha nokungabongi. Thenga isiteji sanoma yiliphi ibanga - isipho semakethe esingabizi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuthi inamandla, inempilo, ngaphandle kokulimaza amagatsha nezimpande nezibonakaliso zokubola. Uma amaqabunga esevele evele avele, kufanele asuswe ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokulimaza iziqu ezilele.

Kubhekwa kufanelekile iminyaka emibili noma emithathu, nakuba insimu eyodwa eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala ingabuye itshalwe emhlabathini.

Ubuchwepheshe bokunakekelwa komuthi wezithelo ukuvunwa okunenzuzo kuhlanganisa:

• ukukhulula nokuchelela;
• ukukhulelwa;
• amagatsha okusika izihlahla;
• ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nokulawulwa kwezifo;
• ukuvuna;
• Ukulungiselela isikhathi sokuphumula (ebusika).

Yini engabangela inkinga yensimu?

Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula, le setha yezinyathelo zivamile, njengama-apula amaningi. Ikakhulukazi kusukela kulolu sitshalo ahlukumezekilengakho balinywa ngokuzithandela ekukhethweni okuthandwayo.

Wormholes - imidwebo yomsebenzi obalulekile we-butterfly moth izibungu. Ngemuva kokubanda ubusika ngaphansi kwegxolo lomuthi, ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza, bazalwa ukuze baqhubeke nomjikelezo wokuphila: ngemva kokushona kwelanga, balala amaqanda angama-160 ku-ovary nasemagqabeni.

Izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, izibungu ziqala ukudla izithelo: qala nge-pulp, bese udla imbewu bese uya ku-apple elandelayo.

Amafomu omzabalazo ahlukile:

• amakhemikhali (ukupompa ngamalungiselelo alungiselelwe: "Dimethoat", "Iskra M", "Bi-58", njll);
• okuphilayo (ukupomfaza "i-Bitoxibacillin");
• ama-mechanical (ukubopha amabhande, ukumba nge-trunk ngaphakathi kwenkathi yekwindla, ukushisa izingcezu ezithintekile zegxolo elidala);
• abantu (infusions of izinaliti, tansy, umhlonyane; ukutshala izihlahla lwesinaphi, utamatisi, idayi eduze kwezihlahla);
• i-prophylactic (izitshalo ezivundile kakhulu engadini, ithuba elincane lokuthi i-moth izohlala kuphela ku-apula;
• udinga ukususa ukudonsa ngesikhathi;
• ukuvuna kufanele kugcinwe emabhokisini ngaphandle kwemifantu).

Akudingekile ukunganaki izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokumelene nesithelo sesithelo, ama-haws, ama-miner nama-silkworms.

Zingaki izizukulwane ama-apula kaMadogo aphuthukisiwe? Futhi yeka ukuthi kuseka kangakanani kangakanani! Emva kwakho konke, izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe ngabantu kubantu zibuye zithole ukuphila okuphakade.