Ukukhuluma nge-bamboo, sibonisa isitshalo esishisayo eseningizimu esingafaneleki ngokuphelele emibhalweni yethu.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-bamboo, ezingesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi zikhule ngempumelelo emhlabathini ovulekile.
Iyini lesi sitshalo nokuthi singakukhulisa kanjani - xoxa kulesi sihloko.
Kuyini u-bamboo
I-bamboo ingumndeni omkhulu wezitshalo, lapho kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezikhona. Zonke ziyisiqhumane, cishe zonke zikhula zibe ngamakhulu amakhulu. Emndenini kukhona ama-herbaceous, ama-creepers anezintaba ezikhuphuka noma ezikhuphukayo kanye nezitshalo ezinezihluthulelo ezinobuthi obukhulu.
Ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, zibuye zihlakulele okusanhlamvu okunjalo: i-pennisetum, i-miscanthus, umsila we-horsetail, i-fescue, i-cortaderia, utshani obunamapulangwe, uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomhlanga, i-imperator cylindrical, i-bristles, i-pike ehamba kahle.
Eziningi zezilwane zikhetha isimo sezulu ezishisayo nama-subtropics, amahlumela amathunzi anamanzi, amanye akhula futhi athuthuke ezimweni ezinzima, isibonelo, emaKuril Islands, ezintabeni zase-Himalaya nase-Andes emngceleni enezingqimba zeqhwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo kuhlukene kakhulu, izingxenye zayo ezihlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa izimboni ezinjalo:
- umuthi;
- ukupheka;
- ukwakhiwa;
- ukulima (ukuhlelwa kwemvelo);
- imboni yefenisha;
- imboni elula (i-haberdashery, izinto zasendlini, amathuluzi, izambatho);
- imboni yempahla eluhlaza.
Uyazi? Ama-arayi ama-Japanese anyanisi ayenziwe ngama-bamboo stalks esebenzisa ukucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe obufanayo buveza imishini ye-anyanisi yezemidlalo.
Izici
I-Bamboo inezindawo eziningi ezihlukanisa nezinye izitshalo:
- amandla angakazeki weziqu. Ekufuneni kwakhe ukuhluma, angakwazi ngisho nokuhlukanisa itshe ayithola endleleni;
- ukukhula okusheshayo Izinga lokukhula eliphakeme kakhulu lingezinhlobo zama-madake ase-phyllostachis - 120 cm ngosuku;
- ukuqhuma okuncane okufundiwe. Iningi lezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezivame ukuqhakaza njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-20-60, kodwa zonke ziyaqhakaza kanyekanye zize zife ngokushesha emva kokuhluma. Yiqiniso, ingxenye kuphela engenhla yesitshalo iphela, futhi i-rhizome iyakwazi ukwandisa isizukulwane esisha.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-bamboo
Cabanga ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo zalomndeni.
Saza
I-bamboo ayimelene namaqanda, evamile eJapane, eKorea, eSakhalin, e-Kuril Islands, ezintabeni zaseChina.
Amahlumela aqinile, ama-cylindrical, aphansi phansi, akhule abe ngamamitha amathathu. Isiqephu sombala oshisayo obumnyama, cishe ububanzi obungamamitha amabili, sithathwa amagatsha angamanye amaqabunga emaphethelweni.
Funda ukuthi izitshalo zokuhlobisa zihlukaniswe kanjani.
Ipuleti leLeaf - Kuze kube yingxenye yemitha ende, ububanzi, i-oval. Ngekwindla, emaphethelweni amaqabunga ayomile. I-Blooms ayitholakali, i-inflorescence - i-whisk, equkethe ama-spikelets.
I-Saza isetshenziselwa ukufaka amabhasikidi kanye nefenisha elula, kwezolimo isetshenziselwa ukulungisa inhlabathi emithambekeni kanye nasemigodini yemifula.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-saz ezingakhula phakathi kwamaphesenti angaphakathi emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Kuril;
- Wich;
- i-spike eside.
Fargesia
I-Fargesia, eyayivela eChina, ijwayelekile ezintabeni zayo zasentabeni. I-Evergreen, njengawo wonke ama-bamboo, ikhula ukusuka kumamitha kuya kumamitha amabili, ikhula i-bush-like. Amahlumela amancane, kuye ngokuthi yizinhlobonhlobo ze-hue ezibomvu, eziluhlaza noma ezibomvu.
Hlola uhlu lwezihlahla ezinhle zomhlobiso zensimu.
Amahlumela amaningi ahlakulela amagatsha anamaqabunga aluhlaza okwedlule futhi amancane. Esikhathini sekwindla, amaqabunga abe aphuzi. Ijwayele ukulandelana kwethu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kuya ku-30 ​​° C, i-fargesia inengqondo, noma kunalokho, izinhlobo zayo
- "Eisenach";
- "McClure";
- "INymphenburg".
Phillostahis
I-Phyllostachis ikhula emanzini, kodwa hhayi emhlabathini omanzi eChina, eJapane, eYurophu, eCrimea, eMelika. Enye yezinhlobo ezibandayo, zingamelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ku--18 ° C. Ikhula amahlumela, ekhula ngamamitha angu-20, ububanzi bezinsika kuya ku-15 cm. Amahlumela amancane ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, njengoba ekhula, aphenduka aphuzi.
Hlola uhlu lwemithi enhle yokuhlobisa imibhede yembali.Amaqabunga amancane futhi amade, kuma-petioles amafushane. Lolu hlobo luyirekhodi lokukhula. I-Blossoms, efinyelela eminyakeni engu-50, i-inflorescences - i-panicles e-fluffy.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo ze-filostahis:
- "bissetii";
- "nigra";
- "aurea";
- "I-Perfume Ehlaza".
Uyazi? Kusukela emaqabunga e-phyllothachis "i-bisset" aphuza itiye elimnandi nelinempilo.
I-Playoblasts
Izinhlobo ezivela eJapane, ezikhula eChina naseVietnam. Abantu bayabiza mnogovetochnik, ngenxa ye-undergrowth ejulile eyakhayo, ekhulayo. Ngokwemvelo, ikhula kumamitha nangaphezulu, kodwa emgwaqeni ophakathi - kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-60.
Amahlumela amancane, akhula enqwaba, amaqabunga. Amahlamvu ahlanganiswa futhi alula, angafika ku-30 ​​cm, akhule kakhulu kangangokuthi ama-petioles namahlamvu ngemuva kwawo awubonakali. Izinhlobonhlobo zingahle zifakwe ezinemibala ehlukene:
- igolide;
- uhlaza oluphuzi;
- i-bluish;
- okuluhlaza okuluhlaza.
- USimon;
- imivimbo eluhlaza;
- Forchuna;
- isiliva.
Bamboo ovamile
Izimila ezivame kakhulu, zihlala emahlathini ashisayo ase-Asia, e-Afrika, eMadagascar, eU.SA. Ezimweni ezibandayo, lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle njengesitshalo sembiza, ngoba singakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu -3 ° C.
Funda mayelana nama-nuances wokukhetha izitshalo zezingodo.
Ukukhula, amafomu ayizinsipho ezincane kakhulu ezinamandla eziqukethe kufika kumamitha angamashumi amabili ubude. Amaqabunga akhula kakhulu, amacwecwe ahlanganiswe ngendwangu yokukhanya, esimweni se-oval engavamile, ekhomba ekugcineni.
Esikhathini samasiko ezinhlobo ezinjalo ezidumile:
- i-stem eluhlaza;
- igolide;
- I-Wamin yemitha emithathu.
Uyazi? Ibhuloho le-bamboo ngaphesheya koMfula iMing eChina, elakhiwe eminyakeni yesithathu leminyaka yenkathi yethu, isasetshenziswa. Ubude bayo - Amamitha angama-320, ukwakhiwa okwesikhashana, izintambo ze-Bamboo zisetshenziswa njengamasekela.
Ukutshala izihlahla
Uma uzohlwanyela uhlaka lwesigcawu sakho, qaphela ukhetho lomakhelwane. Lokhu kungaba:
- nezinye okusanhlamvu okuhlobisa;
- umphathi;
- amafern;
- astilba.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Indawo yokufika ilungele ukukhetha eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, evikelekile emoyeni. Lokhu kungase kube isikhala esivaliwe, indawo eduze kocingo oluqinile, indawo ekahle kuyoba yindawo eduze kwendawo.
Ayikho imfuneko ekhethekile yokwakheka kwenhlabathi ku-bamboo, uhlobo olulodwa lomhlabathi olungafanelekeli inhlabathi enamandla yobumba. I-Acidity iyadingeka cishe ngo-6 pH, umswakama okwanele nokudla okunomsoco, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuchelela kuyodingeka uchithe isikhathi esiningi.
Izimo
Njengoba u-bamboo ungaphezu kwesitshalo esishisayo, kudinga izimo eziseduze nemvelo. Akusiluleka ukutshala elangeni, naphezu kokumelana nokushisa, amaqabunga avela emisebeni eqondile yelanga ayaphela. Ebushushu obukhulu ngaphezu kuka-25 ° C, kuyadingeka ukufuthola amahlamvu ukwandisa umswakama emoyeni.
Funda indlela yokukhulisa i-jujube, i-actinidia, i-eucomis, i-arizema, igromegranate, i-advocate, i-cofe, i-hymenocallis, i-anguria, i-asimina, i-feijoa.
Ukufika
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlala - isikhathi esivela ku-Ephreli, lapho inhlabathi ishushuthuka kahle, ngoJuni. Ukupakisha ngaphambi kokutshala ngethangi kufakwa emanzini ukususa umoya. Ngemuva kokuba ama-bubbles emoyeni ayeke ukuvela, anciphisa emgodini olungiselelwe.
Umgodi we-bamboo ulungiselelwe kabili njengendlela yezimpande zesithombo. I-bottom isembozwe ngendwangu yensimu engadini ne-humus ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Izithombo ziyanciphisa esigodini futhi zigcwele ingxube efanayo njengezansi phansi komgodi. Powder izimpande, emhlabathini rammed, vyminaya ungqimba emoyeni. Ngemuva kokutshala sebenzisa ukuchelela okuningi.
Ukunisela
Ekuqaleni, isithwathwa esithandwa ngumswakama siphuziswa kaningi futhi sinamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho nhlobo. Uma ukukhula kuqala, ukuchelela kuncishiswe kube izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Lapho kukhona imvula, ukuchelela akudingeki.
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi engqungqutheleni akufanele ibe yimanzi kakhulu, kufanele ibe nesikhathi sokuma kancane phakathi kwamanzi.
Inhibitors yokukhula
I-bamboo ine-rhizome enomdla kakhulu, iyakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ububanzi, ibambe izindawo ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, ekukhuleni kwempande ukukhula kwezimpande kufanele kuvinjelwe.
Indlela elula ejikeleze umjikelezo wesayithi lapho isitshalo sitshalwe khona ukumba amashidi amathekisthi kumamitha ayisigamu nesigamu, okuzosebenza njengokunciphisa ukukhula. Amashidi akufanele ahlangane ndawonye butt-to-butt, amahlumela azokwazi ukuhluma phakathi kwezingqimba, kodwa aphezu.
Ukudubula
Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukusika izihlahla ngokucophelela, kodwa njalo ngonyaka kuyadingeka ukususa amagatsha endala namagatsha angenayo ukuhlobisa okuhlobisa, ukugcoba amahlumela, ukuze kungabi nciphisa umswakama, futhi kube nezifo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ufuna ukuvimbela ukukhula kokuphunyuka, kufanele kufushane ngaphansi kwe-node.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukutshala isitshalo kabili ngenkathi ngamaminerali amaminerali:
- entwasahlobo - i-nitrogen, phosphates ne-potassium eyinkimbinkimbi (isilinganiso 4: 3: 2);
- ekwindla - i-nitrogen, i-phosphates ne-potassium (2: 4: 4).
Ebusika
Ngaphansi kwesibusika seqhwa, izinhlobo ze-frost zingagculiswa ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, kodwa kungcono ukuphephile. Ihlumela ngemva kokuba iqhwa lokuqala liboshwe, limbozwe ngamahlamvu omile noma ama-sawdust, agcwele amaqabunga e-spruce noma i-lutrasil phezulu, i-kraft iphepha, bese kuthi lapho iqhwa livela, kushisa ukushisa kweqhwa.
Izinhlobo zokuzala
Ukusabalalisa ngembewu kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuthengwa kwembewu, ngoba iqhuma futhi, ngakho-ke, u-bamboo kakhulu akabelethi izithelo. Kulula ukuliphindisela ekhaya ngokwemvelo.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Imbewu ilungiswa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ingena emanzini afudumele amahora amaningana. Khona-ke, ekomishi le-peat, phawula imbewu ngezansi, ukhulise ubude bayo phansi.
Ebhokisini ngaphansi kwefilimu kufakwa izitshalo bese uzibeka endaweni efudumele. Ngokuba izithombo, izinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-30 ° C, ukukhanya okuhle nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze ukuvuthwa kungabonakali kwifilimu kanye nesikhunta ngaphansi kwalo emhlabathini.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izibani ezitholakalayo zokugqamisa izihlumela zezitshalo.
Izithombo zivela emva kwamasonto amabili, ngokushesha zifakelwa izimbiza ezihlukene. Lapho lesi sitshalo siqina futhi siqinile, sibheke indawo engapheli kusayithi.
Ividiyo: imbewu ye-bamboo
Ukukhiqiza izitshalo
Lapho behlwanyela, bakhetha amahlumela eziningana ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala, bawagcobe bese bewafakelwa emthunzini, ngenkathi bewasika kwesithathu. Nsuku zonke izithombo ziphuziswa kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ukufuna indawo engunaphakade.
Indlela yesibili yokuzalanisa isigaba se-rhizome. Ngentwasahlobo bamba i-rhizome ngamahlumela, amahlumela amaningana kufanele ashiywe, futhi ahlukaniswe kahle. Banezelwa emthunzini futhi banisela kuze kube yilapho benqanyuliwe. Ngemuva kokutshalwe endaweni ekhethiwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-bamboo ine-immunity engavamile ngokujwayelekile kwizifo nezinambuzane, kodwa engadini ayikhulumi yedwa futhi ingahlaselwa yizinambuzane noma izifo. Ngokuvamile, izibungu zesicabucabu nama-mealybugs ziye zaqaphela ezitshalweni. Kusukela ekutholeni kokuqala ngosizo lwezinhlelo zokwenza ama-acaricidal, kusukela ezinsizeni ezinesibili zokusiza izinambuzane.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu:
- "Masai", "Sanmai", "Apollo" - i-acaricides;
- "Aktara", "Mospilan", "Ponche" - izinambuzane.
I-Bamboo iphenduka iphuzi
Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukuphuziza ngesikhathi sekwindla kungokwemvelo, cabanga ngezizathu ezenza amaqabunga aphuzi ngesinye isikhathi:
- ngenxa yokubola kwezimpande, ngenxa yomthombo wamanzi;
- ngenxa yokungabi nalutho noma ukudla okunomsoco;
- inhlabathi engezansi;
- ukuthunyelwa okunonya okukhulu;
- ukubonakala kwesifo.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izizathu, ukunakekelwa kunemibono yayo edingekayo okumele ilandwe:
- Ungagodli inhlabathi.
- On nenhlabathi enzima emgodini ubeka amanzi.
- I-bamboo ayithandi ukuchichima kwama-fertilizer, kungcono ukunganiki lapha.
- Akudingekile ukutshala ilanga eliqondile, kufanele kube ngumthunzi olula.
- Hlola izinga lasawoti emhlabathini futhi ubhekane nosawoti owengeziwe. Usawoti ungasuswa ngokufaka isitshalo se-gypsum noma sokutshala, isibonelo, i-alfalfa, okuyinto eveza usawoti ngezimpande.
Bamboo - isitshalo esihle sokuhlobisa, singahlobisa noma yimuphi umqondo wokuklama, futhi amahlumela ayo angasebenza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kokuvuleka komhlaba, isihlahla esivamile singakhula ekhaya.
Ividiyo: Bamboo ensimini
Bamboo ngaphandle: ukubuyekezwa
Kodwa!
Kukhona i-saz ne-sinarundinarii (yi-fargesia yangaphambili). Yiqiniso, awudingi izinti, kodwa zihlale zikhona lapha (esinagogeni, izinti ziyancipha, nakuba ukuphakama kufike ku-2 m, kodwa wonke umnotho ugoba kahle ngaphansi kweqhwa) futhi ngokuzethemba zikhuphuke ku--29 degrees. Manje curilense (ubumnyama, ukwesaba nokuhlukumezeka) noSinarundinaria nitida (pusya, kodwa kuqhume ngonyaka odlule) baphile futhi kubusika nami.
Lezi zinhlelo zineSanarundinaria murielae
Okokuqala, izinambuzane azikhiqizi ngamagatsha, kodwa kuphela nge-rhizome.
Kulesi sithombe kukhona i-phyloblast yaseChina (umane nje umbukiso we-bamboo). Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokuphila kungu-30 kuya ku-9 C, ukumelana namaqhwa amancane kuya ku-20 C, emazingeni okushisa aphansi ashisa kuze kube semhlabathini. Endaweni lapho umhlaba ukhululeka khona ukhululeka ngokuphelele. Akuthembisi ukubusika esifundeni saseMoscow, ngenxa yokumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa.
Esifundazweni saseMoscow, singancoma iqembu elihlangene ngaphansi kwegama le-bamboo (i-Saza, i-phyloblast, njll.): I-Arundinaria murielae, i-Pleioblastus simonii (kanye namafomu awo ajwayelekile), i-Sasa tsuboiana, njll. Ubuhle ayikho ngaphansi kwezilwane zaseningizimu, ingavela 30 cm kuya ku-3 m.
