Ugqumugqumu "Phenic": izici, ukulima i-agrotechnology

Uma ukhula ugqumugqumu esakhiweni sakho, ufuna ukukhetha isitshalo ukuthi, ngokunakekelwa okuncane, kuzobonisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Lezi izici ezihlukahlukene zePhenice. Lolu hlobo "lwamagilebhisi asenyakatho" seluthole ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yamajikijolo amakhulu, amahle amajikijolo, izithelo ezinhle kanye nezindlela zokulima ezilula. Ezimweni zokutshala izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane "Usuku" inkulumo eqhubekayo.

Incazelo kanye nezici

Kuze kube manje, awaziwa ukuthi ubani futhi lapho ukulima "i-Phenicus" (aka "Goliath") kukhishwa. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kubonakala ngenxa yokukhethwa okuthandwa ensimini yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Izinhlobonhlobo zingezokuvuthwa okuphuzile, ukukhiqiza okukhulu nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukumelana nesithwathwa.

Uyazi? Umnikelo omkhulu ekukhetheni kwe-gooseberries wenza iBritish. Isimo sezulu esiphuthumayo nesifudumele kuleli zwe asikwazanga ukulungele kangcono ukukhula kwe-gooseberries, ngoba ngaphezu kweminyaka yokukhethwa, abaseBrithani bakwazi ukuthola ukwanda kwamajikijolo izikhathi ezingu-4! Ngemva kwalokho, ibhuloho lazuza ukuthandwa eFrance, eJalimane, eNetherlands nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Shrub

Izihlahla zinamandla, zisakazeka, zinamandla, zidinga isikhala esikhulu, zikhule kuze kube ngu-200 cm. Amahlumela aqinile futhi aqinile, angaba eqondile noma aphikisiwe, lonke ubude, ngaphandle kwezingqimba, ezimbozwe ama-spikes angabodwa. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubukhulu obuphakathi, angase abe bushelelezi noma abomvu. Uhlelo lwempande lusethuthukile kahle, lufinyelela ku-2 m ukujula, yingakho ukusikhipha kalula kubekezelela kalula ukungabi namanzi okuncane. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, izihlahla zigcwele izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe.

Amajikijolo

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobonhlobo amajikijolo. Ziyabonakala ubukhulu obukhulu: on amahlumela oneminyaka eyodwa - kuze kufike ku-25 g, amahlumela amadala - afinyelela ku-15 g. Ngaphandle kokudweba umbala omuhle wewayini, umumo ojikelezayo ovamile noma ophakathi kweso.

Isikhumba sinobukhulu futhi sinzima, sigcwele i-wax yokukhanya, ngenxa yokuthi i-berry ihlala isikhathi eside kokubili ezihlahleni (kufika emavikini amathathu) nangesikhathi sokuhamba. Ayikho i-pubescence. Inyama inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-acidity iyomnene, okuqukethwe okushukela kuphakathi. Amajikijolo ayinambitha kakhulu, abe nephunga elinamandla.

Kubalulekile! Nama-berries asezinkathi zonyaka ezinde "Izinsuku" ingase iphahle futhi ibole. Emakhazeni amahlobo ehlobo ebandayo nasemanzi akhula kancane.

Lezi zihlukahlukene zibekezelela ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside, inekhwalithi enhle, ifanele ukusetshenziswa kokusha futhi kubhekwa ibanga elingcono kakhulu ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe (amajikijolo alondoloza ukuma kwawo lapho ekheniwe) futhi enza i-jam, i-marmalade, i-marshmallow ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amajikijolo avunwa kancane kancane. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugcwalisa ukubheka, ukusetshenziswa kwetafula, iwayini elenziwe ngokuzenzela, okugqamile kwalo umbala we-ruby ongajwayelekile.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezakhiwo eziwusizo nokulungiswa kwe-ugqumugqumu: zokupheka kokwenza iwayini, ujamu, i-jamu, isobho, ukusikhamba okuyi-pickle.

Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene

Izici ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile zijwayelekile ezihlukahlukene:

1. Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane. Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidala kakhulu futhi zingezona hybrid, zibhekene nesifo esijwayelekile saso sonke isitshalo se-berry - isikhutha se-American powdery, noma umtapo wolwazi. Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukutshala izihlahla kuphela ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukuzivikela kwe "Phenicus" kungaphansi kwesilinganiso. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana okuhle nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.
2. Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso. Akuphikisana nezinkathi ezinomile ezimfushane, kepha isomiso sesikhathi eside sonakalisa isitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sakhiwa ama-ovaries nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
3. Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu neqhwa, zibekezelela ukushisa kwehla kuya ku-30 ​​... +35 ° С.
4. Isikhathi sokubeletha. Izinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kwekwephuzile; kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule kaJulayi, amajikijolo asesiteji sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti.
5. Ukuthela. Ukwenza u-8 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ukuze uthole inkathi ngesimo se-agrotechnology enhle. Kodwa-ke, isivuno se "Usuku" singanyuka sibe ngu-20-25 kg ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukuvuna kuqala emanzini aneminyaka engu-4, ukuphakama komkhiqizo kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-8-10, kuphele iminyaka engama-25.
6. Ukuthutha. Amajikijolo alondolozwe kahle ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngenxa yesikhumba esinyene nemivimbo ye-wax yemvelo. Kulungele ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe.

Funda futhi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo se-gooseberry (powdery isikhutha) nokulawula izinambuzane (isibhamu).

Ukutshala imithetho izithombo

Ukutshala izihlahla eziqhamukayo kuqala ngokutshala okufanele kwezithombo. Ukwenza lokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzotshala nini nokuthi uzotshala kuphi izitshalo, ukuthi inqubo yokutshala kumele ibheke kanjani.

Isikhathi esiphelele

Ungatshala i-gooseberries ekwindla nasentwasahloboUkukhethwa kwenkathi kuzoxhomekeka ngesimo sezulu endaweni yakho. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala ekwindla, ngoba phakathi nobusika lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukuhlala kahle, inhlabathi eduze kwezimpande izodla, izimpande eziningi (ukhula) ziyokwakha emazingeni aphansi aphansi, kanti entwasahlobo isitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha. Ekwindla, i-gooseberries kufanele itshalwe kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Bala isikhathi esidingekayo ngendlela yokuthi ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala okungenani amaviki amabili.

Lapho ukutshala intwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshala izithombo ngaphambi kokuphuza ihlumela - ngemuva nje kokuthi iqhwa licibilike. Ezindaweni ezihlukene, lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngoMashi; ngo-Ephreli, ukutshala kwezithombo akusekho. Khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo ukutshala izinga lokuhluma nokuphila kwesitshalo liphansi kakhulu.

Funda futhi mayelana nokuhlukana nokulima kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane "Invicta", "Beryl", "Spring", "Honey", "Krasnoslavyansky", "Consul", "Malachite", "Grushenka", "Komandor", "Kolobok".

Ukukhetha indawo

Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, i-Finik isiphuzo sinomthelela ikakhulukazi e-US powdery isikhutha, kepha kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nokunciphisa ukulimala okungenzeka uma itshalwe kahle. Ukuze utshale isitshalo, udinga ukukhetha izindawo ezifudumele kakhulu elangeni futhi zivikeleke emimoyeni oqinile. Ngaphandle kwalokho angeke akwazi ukutshala isitshalo ezindaweni eziphansi, eduze kwamanzi, ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Futhi ukuqina kwe-landing akuvumelekile. Khumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinamagatsha amaningi futhi sinomsizi ojulile, lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe uma kubalwa indawo yokutshala.

Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukutshala i-gooseberries ezindaweni lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze nawo, ngoba ukuqina ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kuyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lwempande yesitshalo.

Kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ze-loamy nezeshlabathi ezinomhlabathi, nge-pH engekho hlangothi noma encane. Imhlabathi ene-asidi ephezulu kufanele iphathwe nge-lime. Umhlabathi kufanele ube nesondlo, ukhululekile, ngokuphefumula okukhulu.

Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo

Kubalulekile ukutshala izihlahla ezinsukwini ezinamafu, ezingenamandla. Ukulungiselela izimbobo kufanele kuqale amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo nazo zidinga ukuthengwa okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10 kusengaphambili. Ngokwenzayo, ukutshala ugqumugqumu kuqukethe izigaba ezinjalo:

1. Esikhathini esidlule, inhlabathi esitshalweni sokutshala kufanele iguqulwe ngokujula kwama-20-25 cm. Kumelwe ihlanzwe ama-rhizomes nokhula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa utshani obolweni. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza umanyolo olandelayo (ngokusekelwe ku-1 sq. M.): 7-8 kg yomquba, 2 kg we-fertilizer umquba, 4-5 kg ​​we-phosphate fertilizer.
2. Hlanganisa izimbobo kuze kube ngu-40-60 cm ngokujula, ububanzi obungama-40 * 40 cm. Kubalulekile ukwehlukanisa izingqimba ezingenhla nezingezansi zenqwaba yezinqwaba. Njengoba kunikezwe isitshalo somuthi omdala, kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kanye nezihlahla: amahlathi kufanele abe okungenani ama-1.5m eceleni, phakathi kwemigqa kufanele ibe yi-2 m. Kule fomu, imigodi ishiywe amasonto amabili.
3. Izithombo zihlanjululwe kwisisombululo somuthi ukugqugquzela uhlelo lwempande.
4. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, qhubeka nokufika. I-topsoil ixubene nezinto ezilandelayo: ibhakede le-humus, i-200 g ye-superphosphate, i-2 g yama-fertilizer umquba.
5. I-1/3 yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ithululelwa emgodini ukuze isilayidi ifomu phakathi kwendawo yomgodi.
6. Izithombo kudingeka zithole intamo, impande yensimu kufanele ifihlwe lapho itshalwa u-6-10 cm.
7. Izithombo zibekwa phakathi kwentaba, izimpande ziqondisiwe. Okulandelayo, lesi sitshalo sigcwele inhlanganisela yomhlabathi esele, kanti phezulu kuhlanganiswe nenhlabathi kusuka enqwabeni yesibili (inhlabathi engabhali).
8. Khona-ke umhlabathi uhlanganiswe kancane, izitshalo ziyanisela ngesilinganiso sama-10 amalitha ehlathini ngalinye. Inhlabathi kumele ihlanganiswe ne-sawdust, peat noma i-humus enezingqimba ezingu-10 cm.
9. Amahlumela ehlathini anganconywa kancane, ashiye ama-4-6 efihlekile ekuqhumeni.

Kuleli fomu, i-ugqumugqumu ihlala ebusika, ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kwalesi sitshalo kuqala entwasahlobo. Uma ebusika bekubandayo futhi kunqamule iqhwa, lesi sitshalo singafakwa ngokufudumala nanoma yiluphi ulwazi lokumboza.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nezindlela zokuzalanisa ugqumugqumu.

Ividiyo: Ukutshala ugqumugqumu

Isakhiwo senkxaso

Njengoba izihlahla zalezi zihlukahlukene zikhula kakhulu, zinamandla futhi zinamagatsha, zidinga ukwesekwa. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukwakha izisekelo ezisekelweni zensimbi noma epulasitiki, izigxobo zokhuni kanye nomcingo wokucwenga. Emaphethelweni omuthi ngokuvamile ama-3-4 ama-racks aqhutshwa ekuphakameni kwama-50-70 cm, iziqephu zokhuni noma amapayipi zensimbi ziphakanyiselwe phezulu. Ukujula ukusekela izisekelo kufanele kube ngokwanele ukuba bathwale isisindo somuthi omdala.

Izinsisekelo zokunakekelwa kwonyaka

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zonyaka akufani kakhulu nokunakekelwa kwezinye izitshalo zeberry. Izinqubo eziyinhloko: ukuchelela, ukukhulelwa nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi, ukusika izihlahla nokupuniza.

Ukunisela

Izinhlobonhlobo "Phenicia" ngaphandle kokulimala empilweni kunenkinga emifushane eyomile, kodwa kungenjalo akufanele avumele ukumile okuphelele komhlaba we-coma. Kodwa ama-waterlogging ayingozi ngokwengeziwe esitshalweni. Ukuze unqume izinga lomswakama, thatha umhlabathi ngezandla zakho: uma inhlabathi izwa imanzi kunomthelela, ilulaza kalula ngaphansi kokuthinta kweminwe yakho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ayinamathele ezandleni zakho ekukhuculeni, ngakho konke kuhle.

Ngokuvamile, ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi kuzosiza ekwakhiweni okuvamile kwama-ovari namajikijolo, ukuvuthwa okuhle kwesitshalo. Kudingeka ukuphuza izihlahla ngokulinganisa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga kuye ngezimo zezulu. Inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe emasentimitha angama-40, ngoba lokhu kuzungeze isihlahla kude no-30 cm kusuka ezimpandeni ukumba umsele ngamanzi angama-15 cm bese uthele ama-2-5 amabhakede amanzi kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu nobani behlathi. Amanzi kufanele ahlukaniswe nokushisa kwehlobo. Qinisekisa ukuphuza isitshalo ngesikhathi ukhiwa amahlumela amancane nama-ovari (ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni), kanye nokubunjwa kwamajikijolo nokuvuthwa kwesivuno (ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi).

Uyazi? Kuze kube manje, abalimi baye bafaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1 500 ze-gooseberries.

Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi

Emva kokuphuza inhlabathi kuyadingeka ukukhulula, ukhula kanye ne-mulch. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, "ukuphefumula" kwenhlabathi nezimpande kuyathuthukiswa, futhi umswakama uphuthuka kancane kancane.

Ukukhishwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kweqhwa, ngoba ngesikhathi sekwindla, ngenxa yemvula namanzi aqhakazile, inhlabathi iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ehlabathini elinyene, umswakama uphuthuma ngokushesha, futhi izimpande zilahlekelwa yi-air circulation evamile. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuqala, ukukhululeka kungenziwa njalo emva kokuphuza, kodwa okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Kumelwe ulinde kuze kube yilapho umswakama ubambelela emhlabathini, bese uqala ukukhulula. Ezindaweni zempande, ukukhululeka kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-chopper noma i-hoe kuya ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwe-4 cm ukuze kungalimazi izimpande. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla, ungakwazi ukumba kancane kancane ngefosholo ngokujula kwe-10-12 cm. Le nqubo ihlangene nokususwa kokhula.

Kubalulekile! Kusukela ngo-Agasti, ukukhululeka akukwenziwa ukuze kugweme ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane angenawo isikhathi sokuqina ngaphambi kweqhwa futhi afe.

Ekugcineni, umhlabathi kumele uhlanganiswe ngendwangu yokutshala utshani, u-peat noma umquba we-8 cm ubukhulu. Izitshalo ezincane, ziyasiza ukuba umeluleki ungabi yindawo kuphela yezimpande, kodwa futhi ukuhlukanisa umugqa. Kumamitha angu-100 square. m uzodinga cishe ama-50 kg we-peat noma ama-30 kg omquba. I-mulch enjalo iyoba umanyolo omuhle ngesikhathi sokumba kwenhlabathi.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Imithetho eyisisekelo yesiko lokukhulelwa:

1. Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala umanyolo owanele we-fertilizer wasetshenziswa, ke phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala akudingekile ukwengeza ama-potash engeziwe kanye ne-phosphorus. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungondla izihlahla ngamaminerali azitrogenous ngokusho imiyalelo (ekuqaleni kukaMeyi nangemva kokuqhakaza).
2. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili naphakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuphila kwamahlathi, ekwindla ekwindla, izithako ezilandelayo zifakwa enhlabathini: 10 kg we-mullein, 50 g we-ammonium nitrate, 150 g wezinkuni, 80 g we-superphosphate.
3. Ehlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuna, ungenza ama-organic supplements. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisombululo se-litter se-1: 4 silungisiwe, ngakho-ke le-slurry ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ukunciphisa ukuhlushwa nge-factor 10 futhi ithululelwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla.

Ukudubula

Ukuze i-shrub ingabi amahlumela angaphenduki, yayinempilo futhi yaletha ukuvunwa okuningi, qiniseka ukubamba entwasahlobo kanye nezihlahla zasehlobo. Isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokwakhiwa kwesihlahla yizinyanga zasentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwemifino esebenzayo. Futhi ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ehlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala, emva kokuvuna.

Kubalulekile! Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ukusika izihlahla ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi, kungenjalo amagatsha azobuthakathaka kakhulu.

Ngonyaka wokuqala, udinga ukususa wonke amagatsha abuthakathaka, emahlumela asele ashiya kuze kufike ku-4 efihlekile enempilo, futhi usike iziqongo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela aphilile aphilile angama-6 kufanele ahlanganiswe emahlathini. Kusukela ngomnyaka wesibili bese-ke kulo lonke impilo entwasahlobo, amagatsha abuthakathaka, abonakalisiwe ezimpandeni kufanele asuswe, kanti amahlumela omnyaka odlule kufanele ancishiswe yi-1/3. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, kubalulekile ukususa ngokushesha amahlumela abonakaliswe izifo noma izinambuzane ukuze isifo singasakazeki.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokudubula okulungile kwe-gooseberries.

Sitshilo kakade ukuthi ekukhuleni komkhiqizo kukhona amagatsha omnyaka we-6-8 wokuphila, kubalulekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona amahlumela eminyaka ehlukene esitshalweni, ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno saleso sitshalo singashintsha ngezinye izikhathi unyaka nonyaka. Emva kokuba isihlahla sesifinyelele eminyakeni engu-10 ubudala, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izimpande ezindala, hhayi izithelo ezonakaliswa yisikhathi.

Ukuvikelwa kwamazinga ebusika

I-Phenic ibekezelela ngokugcwele ukushisa okunamaqhwa amaqhwa, ngakho-ke uma izinga lokushisa endaweni yakho lingayeki ku -35 ° C, ungenza ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Kodwa indawo yokukhosela yezitshalo ezincane ingasetshenziswa hilling - impande yesitshalo kufanele ilandelwe ngqimba lomhlaba kuze kufike ku-10 cm. Eqhwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ubusika beqhwa, ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kunoma yiziphi izinto zokugqoka kungasetshenziswa.

Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene

Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene:

• ukumelana nesithwathwa nesomiso;
• unikeza isivuno esikhulu;
• ukukhiqiza okukhulu eminyakeni engamashumi eminyaka;
• amajikijolo anezici eziphezulu zokunambitheka, kahle athuthwa futhi agcinwe, angacutshungulwa.

I-cultivar ecebile "ihamba":

• ngenxa yokusabalalisa okukhulu kwezihlahla, ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo kungaba yinkinga;
• ukhula ngokushesha;
• Izihlahla ziyakwazi ukutheleleka kakhulu nge-US powdery isikhutha, ikakhulukazi uma i-agrotechnics iphazamiseka noma izimo zezulu ezibi.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuyaqhubeka kufanelana nokuncintisana kwezinye izinhlobo zanamuhla, ezixubile zokugcoba. "IFenicia" ayilahlekelwa isikhundla sayo ngenxa yamasu alula okulima nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ezihlukahlukene zikhulu ukukhula emgqeni ophakathi, njengoba ubekezelela amaqhwa kalula. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okuphawulekayo kwezihlukahlukene kungase kube ukutholakala emtatsheni welabhulali.