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Ukulima kwezinkukhu

Indlela yokwakha i-paddock izinkukhu ngezandla zazo

I-Corral yayidinga izinkukhu zokuhamba. Emoyeni ovulekile, impilo yezinkukhu ihamba ngcono, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyanda. Ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga emzimbeni wezinyoni zikhiqiza u-vitamin D, okusiza ukuqinisa ama-skeleton. Ukunciphisa izinkukhu ekuhambeni kwazo ezungeze isayithi, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ipeni. Le design ingenziwa ngesandla. Cabanga ngezinhlobo zamapeni kanye nakho konke okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwabo ngezandla zabo.

Izinhlobo zamapenki ezinkukhu

Uma ucabanga ngezimo zesakhiwo esinezinkukhu, ungasebenzisa ipeni leselula noma elimisiwe.

Imfono

Lezi zakhiwo zilungile ukusebenzisa ehlobo, ikakhulukazi phambi kwendawo enkulu yokuhamba. Abantu ababili bangabathuthukisa kalula isayithi. Uma isakhiwo sinamasondo noma izikhwama ezikhululekile, khona-ke umuntu oyedwa angayithwala.

Izinkukhu ezihamba ngezinyosi ezinjengotshani zizovumela inyoni ukuthi ithole ifolishi eluhlaza kanye nezibungu ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu okuphakelayo kwefolda kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ngokudla kwalezi zinkukhu. Ngemuva kokuba izinkukhu zikhethile ukudla kwesakhiwo esisodwa, ipeni leselula lidluliselwa esakhiweni esisha, esingasetshenziswanga, ngezitshalo ezintsha.

Kusukela phezulu, isakhiwo esinjalo sihlanganiswe nenetha noma enye into ukuze izinkukhu zingakwazi ukuhamba phezu kwezicingo. Indawo yokukhosela ifakwe ngamanzi okugcoba nokuncelisa, yenza i-canopy elangeni, kanye nemvula.

Ukuze zingalutholi izinyoni ezivela kuleso sikhwama njalo isikhathi senkukhu nangemuva, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinkukhu ezincane nezinkukhu. Indlu enjalo izinkukhu zenziwa ezisekelweni ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa isikhala esakhiwa.

Ukuhamba izinkukhu zisebenzisa ipeni ngesimo seganga elikhulu lapho zifakwa khona emini. Izakhiwo ezinjalo eziphathekayo nazo zihlonyelwe umgogodla, isitsha sokudla kanye nomcibisholo.

Uyazi? Izinkukhu zingenye yezinyoni eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kukhona abantu abathathu kulezi zilwane ezifuywayo ezihlala kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Isiteshi

I-corral yokusetshenziswa okuphakade isakhiwe eduze nenkukhu yenkukhu futhi iseduze nezindonga zayo. I-canopy kule design ayikwenziwa, ngoba uma kunesidingo inyoni ingafihla endlini yenkukhu.

Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe mayelana nokufaka shading. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izinkukhu zezinkukhu zihlwanyela izihlahla ngaphakathi kwepeni. Uma lesi sihlahla singumuthi wezithelo, izithelo zawo eziwile zingakusiza ukudla okunye kwezinyoni.

Ngokwezinhlobo zokudla, izinyama ezinzima noma izinhlobo zamaqanda-inyama, kwanele ukwenza ipeni ibe ngu-1.5 m ubude. Futhi ngezinhlobo eziningi ezikhuthele zezinyoni, kufanele zenziwe phezulu (kufika ku-2 m) noma zivaliwe phezulu. Uma izidakamizwa (weasel, ferrets nabanye) zingavakashela isayithi, khona-ke ipeni kufanele ivaliwe futhi inetha lentambo esetshenzisiwe, okuyinto lezi zilwane ezingenakuzibamba.

Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkukhu efanele uma uthenga.

Ukulinganisa Usayizi

Ubukhulu bepeni lezinyoni kuxhomeke enani lezinyoni. Ukuntuleka kwesikhala kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokudla, futhi kungabangela ukucindezeleka, okuzokwehlisa amakhono okukhiqiza izinkukhu.

Uma ubala ubukhulu, cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo:

  • Umdala ngamunye kumele abe yi-1-2 square metres. indawo: isibonelo, izinkukhu ezingu-10 endaweni ehamba phambili yokuhamba zizoba ngamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye. m - lezi yizinsalela ezifanele ukubeka izinkukhu, ngoba zisebenza ngokuhamba;
  • izinkukhu zezinhlobo zezinyama ezihlala phansi, ungathatha indawo encane yokuhamba: isibonelo, amamitha ayi-square angenele ekukhuleni ama-broilers. m 6-8 ngabanye.

Ukukhetha indawo ye-aviary

I-corral corral ibalulekile ukuthi ekuqaleni iqonde kahle. Izinkukhu kufanele zingene kuwo kusukela endlini yenkukhu ngokushesha. Kungcono ukuyithola enhlangothini eningizimu yenkukhu yezinkukhu futhi uvale ingxenye engenyakatho yemimoya ebandayo. Udonga olubheke enyakatho lunconywa ukuthi lube luqinile futhi lusetshenziswe izinto ezifana nokukhwabanisa, islate, njll.

Funda indlela yokwenza izinkukhu ze-aviary.

Uma kokubili inkukhu yenkukhu kanye nepeni kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yabo kufanele ikhethwe kude nomgwaqo. Ungagcina isikhala esiningi ngokukhetha inkukhu yenkukhu ekusekelweni okusezingeni. Asikho nesidingo sokwakha i-shed, njengoba izinkukhu zizofihla phansi kwe-henhouse emvula kanye nelanga.

Akufanele ube nenkukhu yokumisa inkukhu ne-aviary esigodini. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, amanzi aqoqa, futhi umswakama ophezulu uthinta indlu yenkukhu ngokwayo kanye nempilo yabakhileyo bayo. Ifasitela le-coop kufanele lihambe emaceleni okushona kwelanga (eseningizimu) futhi akukho okumele kuthunyiwe.

Funda indlela yokwenza i-perch, isidleke, abahlinzeki, abaphuza.

Ukwakhiwa kwepeni eliphathekayo ngezandla zabo

Isakhiwo esiphathekayo sakhiwa ngezinto ezilula ukuze kube lula ukuba umuntu ahlele kabusha eceleni kwesigaba. Izimpondo ezinjalo zilungile ekukhuleni izinkomo ezincane kanye nezinkukhu zenyama ezifuywayo ezitholakalayo ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esifudumele.

Isibonelo somdwebo wepeni eliphathekayo lezinkukhu

Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha

Ngepeni eliphathekayo elinamamitha angu-2x1 nobude buka 0.6m, udinga ukuthenga izinto ezilandelayo:

  • imigoqo yamapulangwe 5x5 cm, 2 m ubude - ama-10 ama-PC.;
  • umshini wensimbi ohlanganisiwe - ubude obuyi-6 m ubude obunamamitha angu-1 noma ubude obungamamitha amabili ububanzi obuyi-2 m, ngobukhulu be-20x20 mm (le gridi kufanelekile kokubili izinkukhu nabantu abadala);
  • izipikili ezincane zokulungiswa;
  • ukukhiya nokuzibopha.

Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-jigsaw, i-screwdriver, yabona.

Kusukela amathuluzi esiwadingayo:

  • umthamo we-tape;
  • isando;
  • wabona

Uyazi? Igridi yensimbi inganciphisa kalula ngokuyibeka enqenqemeni yensimbi ye-steel nge umugqa wokusika bese uyishaya ngesando. Uma kunesidingo, umugqa wokunquma ugobile uze uqede. Ukuze uhlukanise igridi eceleni kwendwangu, kufanele unqamule intambo eyodwa.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Iziyalezo

Lapho ukhiqizwa usayizi wesipenishi ophathekayo u-2x1 m, kufanele wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  1. Wabona izingodo zibe izingxenye ezingu-11 0.6 m ubude. Kulezi, izingcezu ezingu-7 zisetshenziselwa ama-rack of paddock ethu nezingxenye ezingu-4 zeqabunga lomnyango. Ngokuba imigwaqo engenhla nephansi yenza ama-4 ama-PC. 1 m bese usebenzisa izingcezu ezingu-4 ezisele. 2 m ngamunye
  2. Ukwenza uhlaka lwepeni lethu. Ukuze senze lokhu, sishaya izimila ngobude buka-0.6m kuya emabhafini aphezulu naphansi negebe eliphakathi kwawo-1 m. Ungakhohlwa ngomshini wesi-7 womnyango.
  3. Ngokwehlukana, senza indiza yomnyango enezilinganiso 0.6x0.6 m. Emiphongweni yomnyango sifaka ukukhiya nezinsimbi.
  4. Sinqamula igridi ngezicucu ngokuhambisana nohlaka olutholiwe, ungakhohlwa mayelana nengxenye emnyango.
  5. Sithula imishini ngesakhiwo sethu neminyango, silungiselele ngezipikili.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo silungile. Ezinye izindawo zingaba pritenyat njengoba kudingeka.

Ividiyo: ukwakhiwa nokujwayela ukusebenzisa inkukhu yenkukhu ephathekayo, ebizwa nangokuthi "ugandaganda wenkukhu"

Ukwakhiwa kwebala lokuvula elivulekile elihamba ngenetha

Idivaysi yokuhamba njalo endlini yenkukhu inezici zayo.

Funda indlela yokwakha inkukhu yenkukhu futhi uyihlomise, nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani indlu yokushisa ngaphansi kwenkukhu yenkukhu.

Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha

Ukwakhiwa kwe-pendock netting penning kuyindlela elula yokuhlela insimu yezinyoni ezihambayo. Cabangela ukhetho lwe-paddock olumiswe ngezinkukhu ezingu-10 ezinamamitha angu-2x7 nobude bamamitha amabili, ukuphela komunye eduze nodonga lwenkukhu yenkukhu. Lapho kubalwa izinto, izindonga ezikhona azifakiwe emgodini jikelele.

Isibonelo senqubo yenkukhu yenkukhu

Ukuhlela ipeni elinjalo kufanele lithengise kula mathuluzi nezinto ezilandelayo:

  • i-grid chain-link link 2 m ubude - 16 m;
  • ama-tubes amaphrofayli anesisindo esingu-5-10 cm, ubude obuyi-6 m - 5 ama-pcs .;
  • ucingo;
  • izikhonkwane nama-bolts;
  • Isi-Bulgarian;
  • i-clippers;
  • umthamo we-tape;
  • isando;
  • ihluzo nesihlabathi;
  • Izinga lokwakhiwa;
  • ukufaka isandla;
  • ikhambi lokhonkolo.

Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukushisa, ukuphuza umoya, ukukhanyisa enkukhu yenkukhu.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Iziyalezo

Ngokujwayelekile, ukwakhiwa kokuhamba okuvulekile okuhanjelwe kwe-grid-chain-link kwenza njengesandiso esincane kwenye yezindonga zenkukhu yenkukhu, ukugcina izinto zokwakha kanye nendawo.

Funda indlela yokwakha indlu yezinkukhu, isitja sembuzi, igundane lezimvu.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezinjalo ukuhambisana nalezi ziqondiso ezilandelayo ngesinyathelo:

  1. Ukwenza uphawu lokufaka ama-rack angular ngesakhiwo. Ngalesi sizathu, ububanzi bendlela yokuhamba ukusuka engxenyeni yenkukhu yezinkukhu kulinganiswa kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili besebenzisa isilinganiselo se-tape. Amaqembu anjalo kufanele alingana.
  2. Maka indawo yesango futhi ulinganise ububanzi bokuvula. Ngokujwayelekile i-wicket isethwe ebubanzi buka-0.8-1 m.
  3. Khona-ke emkhatsini wama-racks asezindaweni zomhlaba, yenza amamaki ngegebe lika 1.5-2 m ukufakwa kwezinto ezisekelwayo, lapho igridi ezobe ishaywa khona futhi ifakwe.
  4. Ngosizo lwesandla esikhethekile, amamaki asetshenziselwa ukukhipha ama-recesses okungenani ama-35-40 cm ububanzi, amancane kakhulu kunebubanzi bombhobho wokusekela. Uma umhlaba ulula kakhulu, khona-ke ububanzi bungenziwa ngaphezulu kuka 35-40 cm.Ukujula komgodi, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomhlabathi, luyi-60-100 cm.
  5. Amapayipi anquma ubude obudingekayo, ecabangela ukujula lapho bangcwatshwa khona emhlabathini. Sinamamitha angu-2.8, lapho amamitha angu-0.8 azoba ngaphansi komhlaba. Kuphelele, sithola ngemuva kokusika izingcezu ezingu-8. amapayipi 2.8 m ubude (for racks) kanye nama-2 ama-pcs. ubude be-0.8 m no-2 m (ngomnyango).
  6. Ngemuva kwalokhu ukuma kufakwa emigodini elungiselelwe futhi igcwele ihluzo elihle nesihlabathi. Izisekelo zisekelwe ngokuqondile futhi zathelwe ngesisombululo sokhonkolo. Ngemva kokulinda izinsuku ezintathu, i-froze ekhonkolo njengoba kulindelwe. Uma inhlabathi isenele ngokwanele, ke ukufaka ucingo kusuka kumbhobho we-ketting-netting, ungakwazi ukumane ushayela emhlabathini. Ukufakwa okunjalo kungagcina ukhonkolo. Ngalesi sizathu, izimbobo zikhonjiswe ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, okuyingxenye yesiphambano sincane kunezinga lamapayipi. Khona-ke kuzo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amapayipi ngesando sledge. Kuzothatha abantu ababili ukushayela amapayipi emhlabathini.
  7. Nge-welding, izingwegwe zensimbi zifakwe emipayipi yensimbi ngale ndlela elandelayo: 15 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi, 12-15 cm ngaphansi kwesiphakathi phakathi nangaphezulu.
  8. Emdongeni wenkukhu yenkukhu endaweni yokugxilisa inetha le-chain-link, ibha yokhuni enobukhulu buka-5x5 cm ifakwe ngesando nezipikili.
  9. Ucingo oluvela kusixhumanisi se-grid chain-isungulwa. Umkhawulo wegridi uhlelwe odongeni lwenkukhu ngezinzipho noma ucingo. Khona-ke welulelwe phakathi kwezinsizakalo ngosizo lwezingwegwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izisekeli kufanele zibe ngaphakathi kwepeni, futhi igridi idlule ngaphandle. Imiqulu evela enetha ixhumeke komunye nomunye ngecingo, ekhishwa ngaphandle komngcele wenetha, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-knitting wire for the joint. Amanetha ahlangana, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingcindezi ingakhululeka, okungaholela ekubunjweni kwezimbobo ocingweni lapho izinkukhu ziyokhipha khona.Faka ifoni ekhethekile ukuze ulungise imishini.
  10. Isango linamathele. Iqukethe ipayipi yensimbi ezungeze umjikelezo futhi igxilwe kuyo ngokususa i-chain-link mesh. Esikhundleni semipayipi, ungasebenzisa imigoqo yamapulangwe, ehlanganiswe emagumbini besebenzisa amapuleti ensimbi. Bese uqhafaza ama-hinges, ama-bolts bese usetha isango.

Kubalulekile! Uma kusetshenziselwa ibhayili yensimbi ibe ibha lezingodo, khona-ke kuphulukiswa kusengaphambili ngezingubo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela (isibonelo, "Senezh Ecobio" noma enye into efana ne-antiseptic), okuzovimbela ibha ukubola, okuyokwenza kakhulu isikhathi eside sokuphila kwayo.

Uma umhlabathi ukhululekile futhi ulula, khona-ke imifino esuka phansi ifakwa 18-20 cm phezu kocingo lonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkukhu aziveli epeni, ngoba zithanda ukumba emhlabathini.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthambekela kwezinkukhu ukuqhuma emhlabathini, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqinisa phansi kwegridi ngezinsimbi

Uma inhlabathi ingumgogodla futhi igxile esakhiweni, khona-ke kwanele ukuthi igridi yokuxhumanisa i-chain-touch ithinte ezingeni lomhlabathi. Uma ukuxuba ukuxhumanisa kwe-chain, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi emaphethelweni abukhali ocingweni awutholakali ngaphakathi kwepeni, njengoba izinkukhu zingalimala ngokubamba ngokungafanele.

Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ucingo kusuka kusixhumanisi sezinketho, i-gabion, ucingo lwe-picket, isitini.

Ukwakhiwa kwepeni elimisiwe

Ipeni elimisiwe lenziwa limbozwe uma ukuzaliswa kwezinkukhu kungakwazi ukuhamba phezu kocingo, noma ukutholakala okunokwenzeka kwamanxiwa amancane noma izinyoni. Masithathe njengesisekelo ipeni lika-2x7 m kanye nokuphakama kwamamitha amabili, okuhlanganisa umkhawulo owodwa wamamitha amabili odongeni lwenkukhu yenkukhu.

Isibonelo sesimodeli sezinto ezimile ezikhuni zokhuni

Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha

Ukuze ukhiqize ipeni elilondoloziwe, udinga ukubeka amathegi namathuluzi alandelayo:

  • amapayipi ensimbi ane ububanzi buka-2x4 cm, ubude buka-6 m - 4 ama-pcs .;
  • amapayipi ensimbi ane-4x4 cm, ubude obuyi-6 m - 2 ama-pcs;
  • amapayipi ensimbi ngesigaba sika-6x6 cm, ubude be-6 m - ama-5 ama-pcs;
  • igridi-link link 2 m ububanzi - 26 m;
  • izikhonkwane kanye nokulinda emnyango;
  • izikrini zokuzibamba;
  • ukugoqa;
  • Isi-Bulgarian;
  • i-clippers;
  • ukufaka isandla;
  • isando;
  • umshini wokushisa;
  • amantongomane nama-bolts;
  • Izakhiwo zokwakha;
  • itekisi yokulinganisa;
  • ukuboya ucingo.

Zijwayele ngezindlela zokwakha ibhuku lokugeza, ichibi lokubhukuda, isabha, isango, ikamelo elincane, indlu yangasese, amakamelo.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Iziyalezo

Ochwepheshe ekwakheni ipeni elimboziwe eliphakanyisiwe batusa ukuthi ulandele le miyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

  1. Linganisa nge-tape isilinganiso futhi wenze markup for ukufakwa kwezingxenye zekhonksi. Ama-rack aphakathi nendawo ahlelwe ngamaphesenti angu-1.5-2. Ukusekelwa okulodwa okusekelwe ngokubheka ubukhulu bomnyango.
  2. Ngokusho kokumaka kokufaka ama-rack, bemba ama-recesses angaba ngu-1 m ububanzi buka-35-40 cm ngosizo lwe-drill ekhethekile.
  3. Kwipayipi le-6x6 cm grinder unciphisa ama-8 ama-pcs. 2.8 m ubude (for racks) nama-2 ama-pcs. ubude be-0.8 m no-2 m (ngomnyango). Njengama-racks, ungasebenzisa ibha eyenziwe ngokhuni.
  4. Amapayipi afakwa emigodini elungiselelwe, izigqoko ezilele zigcwele amagugu nesihlabathi, zilinganiselwe, bese zithengiswa ngekhonkrithi. Ukuze wenze ukhonkolo oluqinile, ngaleyo njongo babeka eceleni izinsuku ezintathu. Kule nkathi, umsebenzi umisiwe.
  5. Ukuze uthuthukise amandla ohlaka, iphrofayli ye-2x4 cm inamathele odongeni lendlu. Iphrofayli ilingana nobude obuningi emdongeni futhi ifakwe endizeni enezimiso ezitholakala emaphethelweni.
  6. Yakha i-canopy. Kusukela phezulu kulungiswe ibhande elingenhla lepayipi le-4x4 eliboshwe nge-welding. Ibhande elingaphansi lokubamba lenziwa ngepayipi nesigaba se-4x2 cm. I-welded 20 cm ephansi kusukela ebhande elingenhla. Phakathi kwezibhande ezinjalo zihleliwe nge-welding braces kusuka ezingxenyeni zamapayipi angu-4x2 cm ekhoneni lama-degree angu-45.
  7. Yenza i-strapping kusuka kuphrofayela encane. Yinqunyiwe kwimingcele edingekayo futhi iqondiswe kuma-racks ukusuka ngaphandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emasimeni kanye nemigqoqo yezembatho yenza izimbobo zokugcizelela ama-bolts. Ukudonsa phansi ngezansi ku-5-10 cm kusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi, futhi ukubhobhoza phezulu kutholakala ekuphakameni kuka 150-170 cm. Uma ufaka izingqamuzana, igebe lishiywe i-wicket.
  8. Efreyini faka ucingo lwezinketho, ulungise ngetambo yokubopha. Kungenzeka futhi ukufaka izingwegwe ezikhoneni ngosizo lwe-welding nokuqinisa inetha lokudoba kubo.
  9. Ama-hinges ahlanganiswe emgodini we-welding nge-welding, bese-ke i-wicket isetshenziswa futhi amaphuzu okunamathiselwe ayabhalwa. Bese u-hang isango, uphahla ingxenye engaphezulu ye-loop. Kwesinye i-rack evulekile ukulungisa i-valve ngokushukela.

    Ukufakwa kwamakhredithi 1

    Ukufakwa kwamakhekhethi 2

    Ukufakwa kwezingwegwe ku-drainpipe

    Ukufakwa kwePolycarbonate

Emva kokwakhiwa nokufakwa kwe-paddock, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokuhlelwa ngaphakathi kocingo. Ungakwazi ukufaka ama-ladders, umele izidleke, kanye nama-pylons amaningana.

Zijwayeze ngokulandelana kokufakwa kwegagasi, uhlaka olunezintambo ezine, uphahla lwama-mansard.

Khona-ke kufanele ubeke inamba edingekayo yabaxhasi nabaphuza izinkukhu. Ukulala ngocansi emapeni ahleliwe afafazwe ngesihlabathi, i-sawdust noma i-hay. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ihlanzwa kusuka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene - udoti, ukudla okungenamsoco, njll.

Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela izidumbu ukuba zingena ngaphakathi, kunconywa ukwakha inkukhu yenkukhu ngesisekelo futhi uqine ngokucophelela zonke izikhala kuzo. Ucingo lwepenji selulekwa ukuba wenze igridi ehlelwe kahle futhi limboze phezulu, futhi ukumba emaphethelweni angaphansi kwegridi 0.5 m emhlabathini. Kuyoba kuhle ukuba ube nedokodo enenja eseduzane, njengoba inja iphunga ingasabisa izidumbu ezincane.
Njengoba wakha i-paddock yenkukhu ehambahambayo, uzokwenza ngcono izici zezempilo nezinkukhu zezinkukhu. Ehlobo, kuyoba lula ukusebenzisa ipeni leselula. Ngalo, ungahlinzeka ngezinkukhu ezinefolda eluhlaza, uphakamise abasha. Kodwa uma usebenzisa ipeni elimisiwe nenkukhu yenkukhu, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukuthi kukhona izidumbu ezincane esifundeni futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuqinisa izakhiwo.

Indawo yokubamba ipeni yangaphakathi yezinkukhu: ividiyo

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