Ngentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukusebenza kwensimu kanye nokulima, abalimi balubheka ngokukhethekile ukutshala nokusabalalisa izithombo zepelepele, amaqabunga, iklabishi kanye nokunye, utamatisi. Ngenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamatamatisi, okuthiwa "i-Skorospelka", futhi sizoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu. Sizoqonda zonke izinkolelo zokukhetha izithombo, ukuzilimaza ensimini, imithetho yomanyolo kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Utamatisi oluhlukahlukene "i-Skorospelka" lusheshe futhi lungatshalwa ngokulinganayo emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uvaliwe, okungukuthi, endaweni yokushisa. Ngaphandle, lo mmeleli wezitshalo zensimu unesitshalo esiphakeme se-branched kanye nesamba esikhulu semifino eluhlaza.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zika utamatisi zidinga ukuncibilika okwengeziwe futhi zihlanganisa ukusekela okuqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-1 imitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi le subspecies iyinhlangano yokuqala, inamba engadingekile yamatamatisi ikhula esihlahleni esisodwa.
Hlola incazelo kanye nemikhuba yokulima yokutshala izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-tomato njenge "Samara", "Bokele F1", "Kiss of Geranium", "Caspar", "King of the Early", "Lyubasha", "Gina", "Aelita Sanka", "Big umama "," i-Little Red Riding Hood "," Riddle ", i-" Masha F1 Doll "," Aphrodite f1 "," Labrador "," Bokele "," Alsou "," Ladies Fingers ".
Ukuzala okulinganiselwe yizithelo ezingu-6-7 egatsheni ngalinye. Izimbali zilula, ezifana namabhentshana amancane, zibe nombala omhlophe okhanyayo ngesisekelo esiphuzi. 
Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo ziyi:
- Amandla amavithamini azuzisayo, ama-microelements kanye namaminerali ezithelo ezingagcwalisa ngokuphelele ukungabi nusizo emzimbeni wethu nangesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. "I-Skorospelka" evame ukuqala kuqala emashalofini ase-bazaars nezitolo futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu ngabalimi ngenhloso yokuhweba.
- Ukuphikiswa kokushisa ukushisa izici zika-Ephreli noMeyi, lapho lezi zinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi zithola amandla nokukhula.
- Ukungavikeleki ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo, kepha akubheki nokulimala ngenxa yokuthi kunesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokubonakala kwayo nokuqhubekayo ezinyangeni zasehlobo.
Phakathi kokushiyeka kwezinhlobonhlobo kubandakanya isidingo sokubopha futhi ukuhlanganisa, kanti namanje isivuno esincane. 
Uyazi? I-La Tomatina (iSpanishi: La Tomatina) ngumkhosi waminyaka yonke wokuhlonipha utamatisi, oye waba uphawu olubalulekile kwedolobha laseBunol, eliyingxenye yomphakathi ozimele waseValencia. Lo mkhosi wenziwa ngamashumi amabili nambili ka-Agasti. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ahlanganyela kulo. Ukuzijabulisa okuyinhloko kweholide kuyi-fair and so-called "empini yamatamatisi", lapho abantu basebenzisa khona utamatisi njengezikhali ezilungisiwe.
Izithelo nezivuno
Izithelo zalolu hlobo lwezotamatisi zivuthwe ngokugcwele ngosuku lwama-85 kusukela ngosuku lokuhlwanyela imbewu futhi zifinyelele ngo-150 g wesisindo. Utamatisi anjalo ahlukaniswa ifomu eligobile, elincane elihlelwe phansi. Uma sesivuthiwe, uhlangothi olulodwa lwezotamatisi lunomshini we-orange, kanti ezinye izithelo zinombala obomvu obomvu. 
Kuyinto enomzimba, ngokumuncu okumuncu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kumnandi kancane, kunenambitheka ekhangayo. Lezi utamatisi zinhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okusha, kanye nokucwilisa utamatisi ujusi nokulondolozwa.
Izithelo zawo aziqhubi ukushisa okuphezulu futhi zibe nezinkomba zokugcina nezokuthutha ezinhle kakhulu, ngoba azimele zingabonakaliswa ngenxa yobuningi babo nobukhulu babo. Isilinganiso sibhekwa njengendlela yokuveza isivuno se-5-7 kg nge-1 sq. Km. m indawo yokufika.
Uyazi? Ezweni kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 000. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ubukhulu bezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke kufinyelela ku-2 cm ububanzi, futhi izinkomba zesisindo ezihlukahlukene kunazo zonke utamatisi ngezinye izikhathi zingaphezu kuka-1.5 kg.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Uma ungashisi ngesifiso sokuchitha inqubo ende futhi inzima yokutamatisi ozikhulayo kusuka embewu, khona-ke imithetho yokukhetha isithombo esihle iyoba usizo nakakhulu kuwe:
- Ubudala bezithombo akufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingu-60. Okukhethwa kukho kuzoba yizintwana ezincane ezinsukwini ezingu-45 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Kufanele futhi uqondiswe ukulawulwa kokutshala izithombo zonyaka ofanayo kombhede owodwa, ukuze ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwazo kufane, ngoba izitshalo ezizungezile zivikela omunye nomunye emisebeni yelanga elishisayo, futhi uma zikhula ngendlela engafanele, ukuvikela okunjalo kwemvelo ngeke kusebenze.
- Ukuphakama kwezithombo akufanele kudlule ngamamentimitha angu-30, futhi inani lamaqabunga lihlukahluka phakathi kwezicucu ezingu-6-8.
- Isiqu sezitshalo kufanele sibe nesisindo esikhulu futhi singeneka, singafaniswa nepensela. Futhi phezu kwesiqu, amaqabunga nezimpande akufanele kube umonakalo obonakalayo. Izithombo kufanele zihambisane nesimiso esisungulwe kahle futhi esakhiwe kahle. Ngaphambi kokulimala okuncane kakhulu kokuthenga izithombo akufanelekile.
- Ngaphambi kokuthenga izithombo, hlola ngokucophelela amahlamvu kanye neziqu zokubeka izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Cubungisisa ngokucophelela iminyango yamaqabunga kanye nokunamathiselwe kwamagatsha kuya emagodini, ngoba kukhona lapho ngokuvamile ongathola amaqanda amancane ezinambuzane. Umthetho ofanayo wokuhlolwa kokuqala usebenza emaqabunga aphethe izimbobo ebusweni bawo noma ephikisiwe noma ekhubazekile. Amaphutha anjalo abonisa isimo esithintekayo sesitshalo.
- Zonke izithombo kufanele zibe emabhokisini anomhlabathi. Akufanelekile ukuthenga izithombo kumthengisi ozigcina ezikhwameni, ngoba lolu hlobo lokupakisha lunomthelela omubi ohlelweni lwempande, luvimbela ukuqhuma kwalo okujwayelekile nokusheshayo kwi-lot.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile ezimakethe umuntu angahlangana nokungathembeki kwabathengisi, ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezithombo zabo ngosizo lwezinyosi eziningi ze-nitrogen. Ukuhlukanisa izithombo ezinjalo ezingalungile zingaba umbala ohlaza okwedlulele kanye namaqabunga, emaphethelweni awo afakwe ngaphakathi.Ividiyo: indlela yokukhetha utamatisi izithombo Ukuqondiswa yizimiso eziyisisekelo, ungakhetha izithombo zezitamatisi eziphezulu futhi eziphilile. Kunconywa ukuthenga kuphela ezindaweni ezifakazelwe. Kodwa ngisho noma uthengela izithombo okokuqala, izincomo zethu zizokusiza ukuba ugweme ukwehluleka.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukuze kutholakale utamatisi ophumelelayo, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukukhanya okulungile nezimo zokushisa, nokugcinwa komswakama.
Ukukhanyisa
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi utamatisi ungumthandi omkhulu wokukhanya nokushisa. Ngakho-ke, uma ikhulile, umthetho uwukuthi: ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhanya okukhulu, lapho kukhula khona isivuno. Ngenkomba yokushisa ye-+ 14 ... +16 degrees, imbewu ka-tomato iqala ukuhluma, kodwa izinga lokushisa elihle kunazo zonke liyi-20 ... +25 degrees.
Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho izinga le-thermometer liwela ku-10 degrees, ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwetamatisi kunciphisa kakhulu, futhi uma izinga lokushisa liqhubeka liyehla, khona-ke liyeka ngokuphelele. 
Uma izinga le-thermometer liwela ku- -1 degree, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sifa. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kubangelwa ukwelula nokwehliswa kwezinhlanzi zamatamatisi, ukubambezela ukuqala kwezimbali nezimbali.
Ngaphezu kokushisa, umbuso we-humidity ubalulekile ekutheni utamatisi okhulayo. Ukulinganisela kakhulu futhi okunamathelela amaTamatato "Rapia" kuyoba umswakama emoyeni ophakathi kuka-45-60%, futhi umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele uhluke kusuka ku-65 kuya ku-75%. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwetamatisi kuyoba yindlela engcono kakhulu.
Umanyolo
Ukuzala kwesembozo somhlabathi nakho kunethonya elikhulu ekwakheni utamatisi ozayo, ngoba ingxenye yengonyama yazo zonke izici zokulandelela ezizuzisayo namavithamini kuthathwe enhlabathini.
Ukondla utamatisi kanje:
- Phakathi nesikhathi sokwakheka kohlelo lwempande, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-phosphorus emhlabathini ngokusebenzisa umquba okhethekile.
- Khona-ke, esiteji sesakhiwo sezithelo, i-phosphorus kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-potassium, ezokwenza ukuba kube nokusheshisa kwezimbali, izithelo zokuvuthwa nokukhula kwezimila zezifo.
- Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumanyolo we-nitrogen, okudingeka uqikelele kakhulu futhi ulandele imizamo enqunywe imiyalelo. Inani elincane le-nitrogen lizolimaza kakhulu utamatisi: ukukhula kuzophuza, amaqabunga azoguquka noma awele, kanti izithelo ziyoba zincane futhi zibe nezinkinga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe okune-nitrogen ngokweqile emhlabathini kwenza kube nzima ukukhula komzimba obuningi kanye neziqu, okuzoholela ekuvuneni okuncane kanye nokwakheka kwezithelo kancane.
Sincoma ukufunda ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, indlela yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi yokuzala, indlela yokuzikhethela ngokuzimela ukuthi i-acidity yomhlabathi kusayithi, nokuthi ungayikhipha kanjani inhlabathi.
Izitshalo ze-Sandy ne-loamy zibhekwa njengento engcono kunazo zonke izitamatisi zalezi zinhlobonhlobo, lapho inani le-pH lihluka ngo-5-6. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, isivuno esivuthiwe siqala ukuqoqa ngosuku lwama-30 emva kokuqhakaza. 
Abadluli phambili
Uma sikhuluma ngama-precursor of utamatisi, okwakhula esakhiweni sonyaka odlule, khona-ke okungcono kakhulu yi-iklabishi, ukhukhamba nazo zonke izinhlobo zemifino, eyakhula evulekile futhi efuthelwa yizingcezu zomhlaba zelanga.
Kubalulekile! Amazambane angumganduli ongamukeleki kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezotamatisi. Kumele futhi ushiye ukutshala kwezithombo ezindaweni eziseduze namazambane. Into yokuthi kokubili utamatisi namazambane kungomndeni weSolanaceae, ngakho-ke izifo kanye nezinambuzane zazo zifana. Ukubeka izitshalo eduze kwakho kubeka engozini eyengeziwe, ngoba uma amazambane ashaywa, utamatisi cishe ayoshaywa, futhi ngokufanayo.
Ukutshala ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo zomquba oluhlaza, njenge-peas, kuzoba nethonya elihle ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni utamatisi. Kufanele kuhlwanyelwe ekwindla ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Entwasahlobo ngezinsuku ezingu-10-15 ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi ngezithombo, ama-peas aluhlaza kufanele ahlungwe, aqoshwe futhi ahlaselwe emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke uhlanganisa isayithi nayo yonke into edingekayo yendaba.
Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala
Inkinga yokuqala nokubalulekile ekubhekaneni nembewu ukulungiselela nokulungiswa kwazo ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Imbewu yamatamatayi ingahlwanyelwa kokubili efomini elomile nangemva kokuhamba phambili.
Ukuze uthumele, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Esikhundleni samanzi alula, kungcono ukucwilisa imbewu ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (i-manganese i-ore esiqongweni sommese ngamanzi 1 litre). I-potassium permanganate izokhiqiza umuthi wokubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane.
- Isixazululo somlotha kubhekwa njengesivinini sokuhluma esiphumelelayo uma izipuni ezimbili zomlotha zichitheka ilitha lamanzi abilayo futhi zishiye ukuma izinsuku ezimbili.
- Uma kunzima ukuba uthole umlotha, ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile athengiswa ezitolo zokulima kanye ne-intanethi. Kuyoba ngempumelelo ukusebenzisa "i-Fitosporin-M", ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma nokwandisa umsebenzi wokuvikela utamatisi ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Uma uphatha imbewu "i-Fitosporin-M", khona-ke ayikwazi ukungena ku-potassium permanganate.
Ukufika izithombo
Ukuze ukwazi ukucacisa isikhathi lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezotamatisi ezitshalweni, ungasebenzisa indlela elandelako ye-arithmetic:
- Ukuqala kuyoba yisikhathi esilinganisiwe sokutshala izithombo eziphelile phansi. Ngokuyincike kuncike esifundeni ohlala kuzo, ukuthi uzosebenzisa yini ukushisa okushisa noma ngokushesha ufake izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kanye nokuthi yikuphi okushiwo isikhathi esiphezulu (ekuqaleni noma sekwephuzile), nangezinye izici eziningi.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuyoba ukukhipha kusukela kulolu suku olulinganisiwe lonyaka olufanele lwezithombo: izinsuku ezingu-40-50 ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala.
- Kufanelekile ukudonsa ezinye izinsuku ezingu-5-6 okufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuhluma imbewu. Kule nqubo, udinga ukukhumbula mayelana nokushisa okungcono, okungafanele kuwele ngaphansi kwezingu -24 degrees. Ngenxa yalokho, ubala usuku okufanele uhlwanyele ngalo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani isikhathi esanele sokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi, nendlela yokuhlwanyela nendlela yokutshala imbewu yezotamatisi.
Kodwa uma unquma usuku ngokungaqiniseki (okungukuthi, usuku olulindelekile luzokwelulelwa isonto noma ezimbili), kungcono ukulinda kancane, ngoba kwaziwa ukuthi izithombo ezigcinile zinyuka kakhulu endaweni entsha. 
Khetha bese uhluma
Njengesiqukathi sokuhlwanyela izithombo kulula ukusebenzisa amabhokisi amancane noma iziqukathi zepulasitiki (ngokuvamile, iziqukathi zokudla nazo zifanelekile). Ukuyeka ukukhethwa kumshini wesibhamu akufanelekile. Kakade ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu kuya ku-21, izithombo zika utamatisi zingasuswa phansi.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, utamatisi kufanele ungcwatshwe emaqabunga e-cotyledonary kanye ne-pritenite kusukela elangeni efasiteleni izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze amahlumela angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa emva kokufakelwa kabusha.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kufanele ukhethe kanjani utamatisi kahle emva kokuhluma.
Ukuze ukuhluma okuphumelelayo kwezithombo zotamatisi ekhaya, udinga ukwakha indawo enhle, phakathi kokuqala, umbuso wokushisa. Ngakho-ke, emini kufanele udondoloze izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwa ku-20 ... +25 degrees, futhi ebusuku ubuncane obuncane buzoba yizinga le-+18 degrees.
Ividiyo: ukuqoqwa utamatisi Uma kusentwasahlobo kusasa, khona-ke ukukhanya kwemvelo kungeke kwanele, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka ukwengeze izibani ngezitshalo ze-fluorescent, ngoba izitamatisi zizitshalo ezilula kakhulu nezithando.
Ukunisela izithombo
Ukunisela izithombo kufanele kuphathwe ngokulinganisela, ngoba ukuchelela okunengi kakhulu kungaholela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesifo esinjengomlenze omnyama. Ngaso sonke isikhathi linda isikhathi lapho ikhava yomswakama ikhala, khona-ke kuphela ukuphuzisa okusha kungenziwa.
Imithetho efanayo isebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zemifuno. Futhi akufanele baphathwe kabi, ngoba ukuthengwa kwenhlabathi kakade kuqukethe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukwenza umanyolo owengeziwe. Khumbula ukuthi ama-micronutrients namavithamini amaningi anenzuzo njengalokhu ayingozi njengokuntuleka.
Qinisekisa ukuthi izithombo zibukeka ziphilile, isitshalo sinamandla, amaqabunga anamandla futhi anamafutha, umbala omnyama obumnyama. Uma zonke lezi zinkomba zihlelekile, ke akukho umquba womanyolo odingekayo. 
Kubalulekile! Qala ukuzinzima izithombo, uzilungiselela ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukuqhubekela phambili, cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwalesi senzakalo. Lapho i-thermometer izobonisa kancane kancane + ama-degree ayi-10, ungathatha izithombo emoyeni ovulekile. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe izindawo ezishisayo zelanga ukuze izitshalo zibe nzima, ukuze izitshalo ezincane zijwayele ukukhanya kwelanga, ngoba zicindezela kubo.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Ukwenza ukunakekelwa kahle kwetamatisi, kuzodingeka ulungise imodi yokunisela, ukudla, ukusilalisa, ukwazi imithetho yokuhlanganisa, ukukhuphuka kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Umanyolo
Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi ingxube ekhethekile ngesimo esisodwa: kufanele kube khona i-potassium ne-phosphorus ngaphezulu kune-nitrogen. Umanyolo onjalo ungasetshenziswa okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo emavikini amabili, futhi angaphansi kwesithathu kathathu ngenkathi. 
Ungaphinda uchithe amahlumela ezinkukhu ezikhukhulayo ezincibilikisiwe emanzini. Uma sikhuluma ngamanyolo we-mineral, khona-ke kufanele kuqaphele ikakhulukazi ukuxuba okubandakanya i-boron ne-magnesium (isibonelo, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-boric acid, esilungisiwe ngesilinganiso se-1 g ngalinye ngehora elilodwa).
Ukuhlanganisa
Esinye isigaba esibalulekile ekunakekeleni utamatisi kuyoba yisikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kusebenza kufanele kwenziwe lapho isitshalo sithole amandla futhi siphonsa amaqabunga ayisithupha kuya kwangu-6, okungukuthi, masinyane emva kokutshala emhlabathini.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukuthi kanjani nokuthi kungani ubopha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa yama polycarbonate.
Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ubophe isihlahla ngasinye emgodleni ohlukene, oqhutshwa endaweni eqhele ngamasentimitha angu-10 ukusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho;
- sebenzisa i-trellis, ehlanganisa ukugcinwa okungajwayelekile okugcinwe kuyo, phakathi kwalapho i-wire isethelwe khona.
Indlela yesibili ingcono kakhulu futhi ewusizo, ngoba izitshalo ziboshelwe ku-trellis eyodwa ezibili ezivela emigqeni emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, indlela ephakathi kwemigqa ikhululiwe, okwenza kube lula ukuvuna.
Abalimi abanolwazi bathi uma behlangana ne-trellis ezimweni eziningi, izithelo utamatisi zikhulu kakhulu kunalokho uma ziboshwe kuphela.
Ukuqothula utamatisi kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ukwelashwa nokukhipha ukhula kufanele kwenziwe njalo kusukela ngesikhathi esifanayo sokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kuze kube yilapho insimu itshalwe khona ekuwa.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yocwaningo olwenziwa yiWorld Health Organization, kwatholakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwetamatisi, ijusi kusuka utamatisi omusha, ujusi we-tomato ekheniwe, utamatisi omusha onamathanga wezinyosi noma isobho, kanye namanye amasoso asekelwe izithelo ezibomvu anganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuqala nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza. .Ividiyo: Utamatisi we-garter kanye no-strawing
Masking
Ukuthola kwenziwa ngesonto ngemuva kokutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile. Kuye ngokuma kwehlathi ofuna ukwakha, zonke izinyathelo ezihlangothini zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ubude buka-3-4 cm. Uma inqubo yinde, ukususwa kwayo kungabangela imiphumela engathandeki nokufa kwesitshalo.
Ukuphuza utamatisi emva kokutshala
Ngokuqondene nokuchelela, utamatisi awudingi ukwenza amanzi amaningi kakhulu. Inani elihle kakhulu lizoba ukuwasebenzisa kanye ngesonto uma kwenzeka isomiso, futhi kaningi uma imvula.
Thola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela, futhi nokuthi ungamanzi kanjani utamatisi ensimini kanye ne-greenhouse.
Ngemuva kokunisela okunye, kudingeka ulinde kuze kube yilapho ungqimba oluphezulu lithathwa yi-crust, bese kungenzeka ukwazi ukufaka umhlabathi esitshalweni esizungezile isitshalo ukuze ugweme ukubunjwa kwe-"stone", okungalimaza isiqu kanye nezimpande. 
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yindlela yokugqugquzela ukuchelela, uma inani elincane lomswakama lihlala likhona ngaphansi kwezitshalo. Njengoba kutholakala amanzi anjalo, utamatisi oqala ukuvuthwa unikeza isivuno esiphezulu, futhi izithelo zisezimpande futhi zisezingeni eliphezulu.
Izifo nokuvimbela izinambuzane
Utamatisi uyingxenye yezitshalo zezitshalo, okuthakazelisayo phakathi kwezinambuzane eziningi, futhi nezifo eziningana. Iphuzu elinjalo elibi alizange lidlule yizinhlobonhlobo ze "Skorospelka".
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda mayelana nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezifo eziyingozi nezinambuzane zezamatamatisi.
Ngezansi uhlu lwezifo ezivame kakhulu zika utamatisi nezindlela zokubhekana nazo.
- Strick. Ihluke ngokuthi izitshalo ezithintekile ziye zaphoqa futhi ziluhlaza amaqabunga, zonke izithelo nezimbali ziyawa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo ngokwaso siyafa. Ukuvimbela igciwane elinjalo ekutheleleni i-utamatisi, kufanele litshalwe endaweni enelanga futhi ingabi nezinye izitshalo zomndeni waseSolanaceae.
- Ukuphoqa okubonakalayo. Amaqabunga angaphansi aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, asomile futhi awe. Ungabona futhi ukuphazamiseka kwamaqabunga nokuphela kokukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa ukufa akukwenzeka. Ukuvimbela kungaba ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokususwa kwazo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo (kufaka phakathi ukhula osikiwe) kusuka kusayithi. Uma kwenzeka lesi sifo, izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe ukuze zivikele ukutheleleka okwengeziwe.
- Imifantu ebusweni bamatamatisi yilezi zomswakama kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ngaphambi kwalokho kwakunomsola. Ukuqhekeka kuyingozi ngenxa yezilonda ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ukubola. Ukulondoloza izithelo okudingayo ukuze uphuze njalo.
- Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana. Izindawo eziningi ezimnyama zezilonda ezifakwe e-putrefactive zivela kuwo wonke umzimba wesitshalo, futhi ama-patches amhlophe ahlanganisa phansi amahlamvu. Ukuvimbela i-phytophthora: ukukhulelwa okufika ngesikhathi nokuhlonipha imithetho yomakhelwane (ayikwazi ukutshala eduze kwamazambane nezinye iziNertshade). Uma kwenzeka ukugula, zonke utamatisi zifakwe izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa "I-Barrier", kanye neviki kamuva, i- "Barrier". Kusukela kumakhambi omuntu kusiza ukumnika i-garlic (ama-clove ama-5 achotshoziwe ku-1 ilitha lamanzi).
- Fomoz. Izithelo zika utamatisi zithinteka yizinhlayiya ezibomvu ezifinyelela ku-3-4 cm ububanzi. Indawo ethintekile kubonakala sengathi i-concave, ngoba izinqubo ze-putrid zingena ngaphakathi kwetamatisi. Lesi sifo sithinta umswakama ngokweqile. Uma kutholakala isifo esinjalo, izithelo ezithintekayo zisuswe futhi amahlumela aphethwe ngamakhemikhali eKhom, Oksikh noma eBordeaux.
Uyazi? Imfihlo yokutshala utamatisi, okuzokwenza kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuvama nokukhulelwa kwezifo, kanye nokwandisa isilinganiso sabo sokukhula, ukwengeza izingcosana ezimbalwa zomlotha emabhakeni amanzi. Futhi inhlabathi encane yomhlabathi ojikeleze isiqu ngesilinganiso sesandla esisodwa nge-1 sq. m
- Ukuphawula kwamagciwane. Amaqabunga (aphikisiwe amabala amancane) futhi izithelo (izindawo ezinkulu ezicindezelekile ezimnyama, ezungezwe umngcele ogqamile) zithintekile. Ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwesitshalo. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ingxube, ithusi le-sulfate. Ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso samaminerali okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele, okumele kuhlanganise nethusi ne-nitrogen. Izihlahla eziqhekekile zisusiwe.
- Umlenze omnyama. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu phakathi kwezithombo nezitshalo ezincane. Izansi zeziqu zimbozwe amabala amnyama, kanti isitshalo soma. Utamatisi kufanele anisele ngokulinganisela. Ukuze kuvikelwe, izihlahla zingase zichithwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (i-1-1.5 g yendaba eyomile ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
- I-Whitefly. Lezi zinambuzane, ogama lakhe lichaza ngokuphelele ukubukeka, lihlanganisa ukuhluma kwetamatisi ngemfihlo, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izifungi eziqala ukukhula, ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla siba mnyama futhi sifa. Sincoma ukulwa nezinambuzane nomuthi "i-Confidor".
- Slugs Ukubhubhisa isembozo seqabunga, kubangele ukubonakala kokubola phezu kwesithelo. Ukulwa nokusebenzisa umlotha, uthuli othuza ugwayi noma i-lime egobile, efafazwa phansi emhlabathini.
- Isibungu se-spider Njengoba zibophe amaqabunga ngamacwebhu, ziphuza ijusi kubo, zenza ukuba kube khona ukomiswa nokufa kwesitshalo. Ukuze ulwe, sebenzisa i- "karbofos" noma ikhambi lomuntu ngesimo ukumnika okugalikhi.
- Medvedka. Ukubhubhisa izimpande, okufaka isandla ekufeni kwetamatisi. Kulo mpi wasebenzisa isidakamizwa esithi "Ukuduma" noma isisombululo somuntu ngesimo sokumnika okumuncu nge-vinegar.
- I-wireworm. Leziphuzi eziphuzi eziphuzi zidla izimpande zamatamatisi, ngokuvamile zihlahlela esiqwini. Ukulwa nokunconywa ukusebenzisa umuthi "Basudin".
- Gnawing scoops. Lesi sibungu semfutho emnyama noma emnyama sibhubhisa isembozo seqabunga kanye neziqu zezamatamatisi. Ukuwahlula, utamatisi uchithelwa nge-Strela.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Kuncike enjongweni ohlose ukuvuna utamatisi, ukuvuna kubomvu, okubomvu, okuphuzi, okwesibhakabhaka noma okumhlophe (umbala uncike esigabeni sokuvuthwa).
Ngakho-ke, utamatisi obomvu wezinhlobo ze "Skorospelka" zisetshenziselwa ukudla, ukulungiselela ama-saladi yemifino, ukumisa ujusi utamatisi kanye ne-pasta, kanye nokulungiselela utamatisi ekheniwe.
Amanye amafomu angenziwa avuthwe ngokucophelela, futhi futhi anqume impilo yabo yeshelufu (iphakeme kakhulu kuneyamatamatisi avuthiwe). Futhi izithelo eziluhlaza, izithelo zobisi kanye nezibomvu zisetshenziselwa ukusawoti ezinhlobonhlobo zokupheka.
Utamatisi ovuthiwe wokuqala kulezi zihlukahlukene kuzovela kakade ngosuku lwama-80-90 kusukela ngosuku lokuhlwanyela imbewu. Lawa utamatisi kufanele agcinwe emabhokisini epulasitiki noma ebhodini, eqondiswa ukulawulwa okungaphezulu kuka-12 kg kwesitsha esisodwa. 
Hlunga "Okusheshayo" kunomzimba futhi kunwebeka, ngakho-ke utamatisi awunqamuki emabhokisini futhi isikhathi eside uzokwazi ukugcina ukuma kwawo kwangempela. Noma kunjalo, akufanele ukhohlwe ngokuvuna kakade kuvunyiwe. Lawa utamatisi kufanele adliwe noma asetshenzwe ngaphakathi ngesonto elizayo kusukela ngosuku abethathwa ngalo embhedeni.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungayilondoloza kanjani utamatisi nokuthi ungaphi, kungani ungagcini utamatisi esiqandisini.
Ukuthutha lezi zinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi nakho kulula, ngoba abagcuni futhi bangavumeli ijusi ngenxa yezici zabo. Into kuphela okumele icatshangelwe ngaphambi kokubeka utamatisi emabhokisini ukuhlolwa komonakalo okwenziwa mechanical and insects. Uma zikhonjisiwe, i-fetus ethintekile ayikwazi ukufakwa ebhokisini elifanayo nabanye.
Kungcono ukuhlunga kanye nezithelo ezincane ezonakalisiwe ukuba zibe ngowokuqala ukudliwa noma ukucubungulwa, futhi kuphela okusemandleni, okunamandla futhi okuqinisekisayo okumele athunyelwe ukuze kugcinwe isitoreji eside. Indawo yokugcina enhle ingaba yimuphi indawo emnyama futhi epholile ukuthi ingaphansi noma igumbi lesitolo lingaba khona. 
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukugcina utamatisi ekamelweni elinomswakama ophezulu, ngoba kuzosiza ekubukeni nasekuthuthukiseni izilonda zefungal kanye ne-putrid. Uma ugcina utamatisi egumbini elingaphansi noma esitolo esitolo, khona-ke uhlinzeke nge-ventilation, isibonelo, ngokushiya iminyango evulekile.
Manje uyazi zonke izinkolelo zokukhula, ukuvikela nokuqoqa izinhlobo zakuqala zika utamatisi i-Skorospelka. Ngenxa yezici zalo, ngoJuni uzokwazi ukujabulela ukuthungwa kwayo okuyingqayizivele, okunomsoco nokumnandi, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esisodwa igcwalisa umzimba wakho ngamavithamini ahlukahlukene, amaminerali kanye nezici zokulandelela.
