Emifinini enjalo ethandwa futhi ethandekayo, njenge-utamatisi, manje kunezinhlobo eziningi. Okuthandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia yizinhlobo zakuqala nezinyanga zakuqala. Emasimini asekhaya, utamatisi we-Sultan F1 uyisinqumo esihle.
Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izici kanye ne-agrotechnology yokukhulisa le hybrid.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Utamatisi "i-Sultan F1" iyinhlangano ye-hybrid yesizukulwane sokuqala. Lezi zinhlobo eziphakathi kokuqala nokuzinikela okuphezulu okukhethwa kweDutch, okuphethe izici ezinjalo:
- i-deterministic, compact, ngaphansi (50-60 cm ubude) esihlahleni;
- amaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama;
- amafomu ama-brush ngezithelo ze-5-6 izingcezu ngayinye;
- isikhathi eside se-fruiting;
- ezitholakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo: iNyakatho Caucasus, Lower Volga, Central Chernozem.
Thola ukuthi umehluko ophi phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-tomato ezinquma futhi ezingapheli.
Kunamathuba amaningi: ukunambitheka okukhulu ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi kanye nezakhi, ukuvuna okukhulu, isikhathi eside se-fruiting, ukuhlanganiswa kwehlathi, okuthatha isikhala esincane, ukungathobeki nokuphikisana nezifo. Ukukhipha okukodwa kuphela - njengawo wonke ama-hybrids, imbewu yayo ayifanele ukutshala okulandelayo.
Uyazi? Igama lezotamatisi libuyela egameni labo le-Aztec "utamatisi", ngoba lezi zitshalo zazingeniswa eMelika. Kodwa elinye igama elithi "utamatisi" linezimpande zase-Italy futhi kusho "ama-apula egolide".
Izithelo nezivuno
Imigomo yokuvuthwa izithelo - izinsuku ezingu-95-110 kusukela ekubonisweni kwezithombo. Ngeteknoloji yezolimo efanele, ungathola cishe u-15 kg nge-1 sq. M. imitha Lokhu isivuno kubhekwa njengephezulu.
Izithelo ezibomvu ezanelisayo ezinesisindo esingaba ngu-100-200 g, kancane kancane zibanjwe eduze nesitshalo, zine-pulp yamanzi yobuningi obuphakathi nambewu encane. Isikhumba sisinyene, asiqhekeki, okwenza utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo kunobunzima futhi athutheke.
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinomusa omuhle othakazelisayo nomunyu omncane. Iqukethe ama-solids angu-5% ejusi kuze kube ngu-2.8% ushukela. Iphelele kuma-saladi nezinye izitsha, ezifanele ukulondolozwa. Benza ujusi omuhle wezotamatisi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezithintekayo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu, funda ngezici ezihlukanisayo zamatamatisi "I-Raspberry Giant", "i-Star yaseSiberia", "i-Klusha", "i-Chocolate", i- "Rio Fuego", "i-Riddle", i- "Katyusha F1", i- "Solerosso F1" , Stolypin, Sanka, Ngokusobala Invisible, Lazyka, Torbay F1, Pink Bush F1, Bobkat, Bokele F1, iFrench Grape, Lyana, Prima Donna "," Umqali "," Umklamo we-Balcony "," Cio-Cio-San ".
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvame ukukhula ezinkomeni. Uma uthenga izithombo kufanele ulandele imithetho elandelayo:
- Khetha izitshalo ezinamaqabunga, ezinamandla neziqu ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza, izimpande ezithuthukile kahle, zingekho izimpawu zokulimala.
- Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umbala ogcwele kakhulu wemifino futhi ushiya ukuphazamiseka yiwuphawu lokuqhathanisa ne-nitrogen fertilizer ukukhula okusheshayo. Izithombo ezinjalo kufanele zigweme.
- Ama-specimens akhethiwe akufanele ahlotshwe, amaqabunga aphikisiwe nezinye izibonakaliso zesifo nokulimala yizinambuzane. Uma isitshalo esisodwa sithinteka, kufanele usenqabe ukuthenga.
- Izithombo akufanele zihlukaniswe. Ukuphakama okukhulu kwehlathi kungabi ngaphezu kuka-30 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezincike ekuhloleni kufanele zibe namaqabunga angu-6-8.
- Kumele ukhethe inzalo engekho ezindala kunezinsuku ezingu-45-60. Akukhuthazwa ukuthenga izithombo ngama-ovari.
- Kunconywa ukuthenga izithombo ezitsheni ezinezakhi zomzimba - zinezinga eliphezulu lokusinda, nakuba libiza kakhulu.
- Kungcono uma isihlahla ngasinye sikhula esitsheni esisodwa, futhi izitshalo ezivela emabhokisini akufanele zitshalwe eduze. Kufanele ugweme izitshalo ezikhwameni kanye nezimpande ezingenalutho.
Kubalulekile! Ukuthenga izithombo ngezinye izikhathi kufana ne-lottery, kanjalo kulandela ukuzivocavoca abantu abaqinisekisiwe, abafakazelwe. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke umthengisi kufanele abuzwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye ne-agrotechnology yokulima. Uma umthengisi enolwazi oluhle lolu lwazi, amathuba okuthenga ngempumelelo aphakeme. Akufanele kuthengwe ezindaweni ezahlukene, ngoba kunamathuba okugula kwanoma isiphi isifo samatamatisi.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Utamatisi ungakhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, unikeze intandokazi enhlabathini ene-sandy noma e-loamy nge-pH ka-5-6. Ukuze utamatisi, kufanele ukhethe imibhede, eyayikhulile ngaphambili, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, izimpande, i-peas kanye nezinye izitshalo.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala utamatisi emva kokunye okunamafutha (amazambane, ama-eggplants, i-Physalis), ngoba banezifo ezifanayo nezinambuzane. Futhi kusayithi akufanele kube ngamanzi anesimanje.
Ukuzala umhlabathi kubalulekile kumatamatisi, ngoba bathatha izakhi eziningi ezikuyo ukuze bakhule futhi bathuthuke. Ngesikhathi sakhiwa uhlelo lwempande, lesi sitshalo sidinga ikakhulukazi i-phosphorus, futhi esigabeni esilandelayo (izimbali nezimbali), i-potassium iyadliwa ngokugcwele nayo.
Manje, mayelana nokukhula okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe bokudla, kunanini ngaphambili ngifuna ukuzondla ngokudla kwemvelo, ekutshalweni "amakhemikhali" awazange asetshenziswe. Funda indlela yokusebenzisa ihhashi, ingulube, izimvu, unogwaja onogwaja, i-banana ikhasi, amazambane, ama-eggblue, ama-egg, amaqanda amaqanda, i-bone meal, ufulawa ogwayi, i-onion ikhasi, amalahle, imvubelo yokukhula kwezitshalo.
Lezi zakhi zibalulekile kumatamatisi ngokumelana nokuhlushwa okungcono nokugula. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inani elinganele le-nitrogen lingabangela ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesitshalo, ubukhulu bamaqabunga kanye nekhwalithi embi yesithelo, futhi ukuthambekela kwezifo kubonakala.
Uma ngabe isayithi lakho aliyona i-chernozem evundile kakhulu, udinga ukuyilungisa utamatisi ekwindla. Kungcono ukulicebisa ngamanyolo eziphilayo ezifana nomquba obolile kanye nomquba, engeza amaphosphate nama-fertilizer umquba.
Kusukela entwasahlobo ungangezela izithako ze-nitrogen. Kunconywa ukumba umhlabathi obunzima obunhlabathi ngehlabathi elimnyama (8 kg nge-1 sq. M), i-peat (5 kg nge-1 sq. M), umquba noma umquba (5 kg nge-1 sq. M).
Inhlabathi enomhlabathi idinga ukukhahleka kanye emva kweminyaka engu-3-4. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-lime; amalahle kanye nokushayela nakho kungasetshenziswa. Emva kokungena enhlabathini yalezi zinto kunconywa ukuba umbe futhi usebenzise amanzi ngokucophelela. Le nqubo ingcono kakhulu ekwindla noma okungenani izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Funda indlela yokuzimela ngokuzimela u-acidity wenhlabathi endaweni, ukuthi ungayikhipha kanjani inhlabathi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Utamatisi kufanele ukhule ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, ezifudumala kakhulu zelanga, lemifino ithanda ukushisa. Ukukhanyisa okwanele kunciphisa isitshalo, kugweme ukukhula kanye nezithelo zokuvuthwa. Usuku lokukhanya oluhle ngamahora angu-12-14.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ekushiseni kwe-14-16 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokuhluma lingama-20-25 ° C. Lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ku-10 ° C, ukukhula kuyeka, futhi uma kwehla kuya ku- -1 ° C, lesi sitshalo sivame ukufa. Amandla okuvame ukuqhakaza futhi athele izithelo alahlekile emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-15 ° C nangaphezulu kuka-35 ° C.
Utamatisi kunomthelela wokubekezela kwesomiso, kodwa ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kufanele uchithe izitshalo ngemuva kokusongela phezulu. Kodwa kumswakama womoya, akudingeki neze. Izimo ezinhle kunazo zonke lapho umswakama womoya ungama-45-60% kanti umswakama womhlaba ungama-65-75%.
Izimila kumele zibe nokufinyelela emoyeni - imibhede ayikwazi ukuqina, kunconywa ukuthi ukhulule inhlabathi.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Iningi lazo zikhula izithombo zamatamatisi zodwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ekhaya.
Thola ukuthi kufanele uhlwanyele utamatisi ngezinsiza, ukwenze kanjani ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuthi ungasindisa kanjani isikhala nenhlabathi lapho utshala izithombo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, funda ngokucophelela yonke imibhalo ephaketheni. Imbewu yamatamatisi evela kubakhiqizi abaningi abaziwayo ayisekho isidingo sokudliwa kabusha.
Izinto eziningi ezithengwa ngesisindo zingaphathwa kangcono ngesisombululo se-1% se-magnesium permanganate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-1 g yezinto ezihlanjululwayo ihlanjululwa ku-100 ml wamanzi futhi ifaka imbewu ihlanganiswe nge-gauze kule nkinga imizuzu engu-20. Bese ugeze ngamanzi.
Izinsuku ezingu 3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala, kuhle ukunciphisa imbewu ka utamatisi amahora angu-7-8 kwisisombululo somlotha, exutshwe ngokulingana no 1 l amanzi 1 tbsp. isipuni somlotha ovela enkuni. Imbewu izovuvuka futhi ibambe izakhi ezidingekayo kusuka kusixazululo esinjalo. Bese kufanele bahlanzwe, bagcwaliswe esikhwameni bese bebekwa izinsuku ezintathu ezindaweni ezipholile zokuqina.
Kubalulekile! Imbewu ingaba lukhuni esiqandisini, kodwa kufanele ifakwe eshalofini - kungenjalo ku-efrijini.
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Okuhle kakhulu kwezitshalo ezikhulayo zika utamatisi kufanelana namafasitela abheke eningizimu. Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele kungcono ukuhlela ukukhanyisa. Ukushisa kwekamelo lansuku zonke kumele kube ngu-18-25 ° C, futhi ebusuku kufanele kube ngu-12-15 ° C. Uma umoya usomile ngenxa yokushisa kwezinhlelo zokushisa, kunconywa ukuthi izithombo zifakwe ngamanzi avela ku-sprayer 1-2 izikhathi nsuku zonke.
Ungakhula izithombo ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Ngokukhethwa. Kulokhu, ungakhetha okokuqala isitsha esincane esingasetshenziselwa ukutshala, bese kuthi emva kokuhluma esiteji sama-1-2 amaqabunga, uwafakise emigodini ene-nutrient substrate lapho ezoba khona ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini.
- Ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kulesi simo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha ethandeni, lapho utamatisi ikhula khona ngaphambi kokutshala phansi. Ungasebenzisa amakhasethi, izinkomishi zeplastiki, izimbiza ze-peat nezinye iziqukathi ezifanele kulokhu. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ayinzulu ngokwanele (12-17 cm) futhi ububanzi (12-17 cm) for izithombo, babe nomgodi emanzini.
Zazi ngokuzikhethela kwenhlabathi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitshalo, kanye nokuziqhenya kwenqubo yokuqoqa.Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu elungiselelwe kufanele ikhutshazwe nge-disinfected. Ukuze wenze lokhu, indlela elula yokuyidlulisa ngamanzi abilayo noma isisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
Inhlabathi ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe kufanele zihanjiswe futhi zihlanganiswe. Ngendlela yokulima ngokukhethwa ebhokisini, ama-grooves akwenziwa ngokujula kwe-1 cm naphakathi kwemigqa ka-3-5 cm. Imbewu elungiselelwe ifakwe kahle kubo ibanga eliphakathi kwe-1-2 cm komunye nomunye (okungawusizo kungasetshenziswa).
Khona-ke ama-grooves afafazwa phezulu enhlabathini evulekile futhi ehambelana ne-spray. Kusukela phezulu, isitsha sigcwele ifilimu futhi sibeke endaweni efudumele yokuhluma. Abanye bafaka ibhethri yokushisa.
Kubalulekile ukulawula okuqukethwe okwanele komswakama we-tank, ukuvula ifilimu nokugubha amaconsi amanzi, vumela umhlabathi uphefumule imizuzu embalwa. Ngokuntuleka komswakama kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe umhlabathi ngamanzi, futhi ngeqile - ukuvula ifilimu.
Okufanayo kwenziwa ngendlela yokukhula ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kuphela ithangi ngalinye lenza izimbobo ezingu-2-3 ngokujula kwe-1 cm bese uhlwanyela imbewu eyodwa ngayinye.
Kushisa kwama-25-28 ° C amahlumela angavela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4, ngo-20-25 ° C - kakade ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili.
Uyazi? Utamatisi wethulwa ngekhulu le-16 eSpain nasePortugal, futhi kusukela lapho kancane kancane zisakaze lonke elaseYurophu bese kuzungeze umhlaba jikelele. Ekuqaleni, kwakungabhekwa njengokudliwayo futhi kwavuthwa njengesitshalo esiyingqayizivele. I-recipe yokuqala yokudla esetshenziswa utamatisi yenziwa emphakathini encwadini yokupheka esuka eNaples ngo-1692 futhi umbhali wakhuluma ngokudla kwe-Spanish.
Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala utamatisi
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Lapho nje amahlumela evela, lezi ziqukathi zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyisiwe (efasiteleni). Sincoma izimo zokunisela nokushisa okulinganiselwe ka-15-22 ° C, ukukhanya okungeziwe ngezibani ze-fluorescent noma ama-phytolamps. Kungcono ukubeka iziqukathi zemifula emgqeni bese ngezikhathi ezithile zivulekele emafasiteleni angu 180 ° ukuze izithombo ezibheke ekukhanyeni zingezona elilodwa.
Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, kunconywa ukuba uphume izithombo emgqeni wokuqina, noma nje ukuvuselela igumbi lapho likhula khona. Ngaphambi kokuphuma, utamatisi kufanele usebenzise kakade ubusuku ebhodini enefasitela evulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukubanika umbala oshisayo ovulekile, ngoba ingilazi igcina ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
2-3 emva kokuba izithombo ziqale ukuzondla bese zenza masonto onke. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqu ezikhethekile zemvelo (isibonelo, ngokusekelwe ku-biohumus) noma kumanyolo obunzima wamaminerali, uncibilikiswe emanzini ngale njongo.
Thola ukuthi nini futhi kanjani ukondla izithombo zamatamatisi.
Ukuqothula izithombo zotamatisi kufanele kube kancane kancane, kusukela emaminithini angu-10-15 ngosuku, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingathola ukushisa ilanga
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
Imbewu isitshala endaweni enomphela emhlabathini ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-45-60, uma isivele inamahlamvu angu-6-8.
Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zaseRussia, izithombo zezintambo eziphakathi-zakuqala zatamatisi zihlwanyelwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli 15 kuya kuMeyi 1. Ezindaweni ezisemaphakathi zenze kusukela ngoMeyi 1-15. Ukushisa kwezinga elivamile lokusebenza emoyeni phakathi nalezi zikhathi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-12 ° C. Futhi, isongo seqhwa kufanele sigwenywe.
Kodwa kuphephe kakhulu ukutshala izithombo zotamatisi lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingekho ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lomkhathi liba ngu-22-25 ° C. Kungcono ukuhlala ngosuku oluthile noma kusihlwa, ukuze izitshalo zithole ukhululekile endaweni entsha ngaphambi kokuba ilanga elisebenzayo livele.
Izithombo zezitshalo ezinothile ezikhula kancane "iSultan" zitshalwe kude ku-35-40 cm emkhatsini wezinhlumela kanye ne-spacings ye-50 cm; kufanele iphuze kahle ngaphambi kokuba ihlasele. Izimbobo zenziwa kwi-bayonet ye-spade, i-watered, kanye nama-fertilizer asetshenziswa (i-humus, umquba, umlotha). Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela esitini nge-clod yomhlaba, sibeke emgodini, sifafazwe ngokucophelela ngomhlaba futhi sinisela.
Zijwayele ngemininingwane yokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa.
Imibhede enezithombo ezitshalwe kuphela kufanele zihlanganiswe nefilimu, uma kunesidingo, kuze kube sekugcineni isimo sezulu esifudumele sisekelwe. 
Izithombo zingatshalalwa ekuqaleni, zisebenzisa i-greenhouse ngezinhloso, kodwa ngoMeyi-Juni kuzodingeka zifakwe kabusha
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-tomato ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukulimala utamatisi ensimini ephethe izici zayo.
Izimo zangaphandle
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuqala zingakhula ngqo ensimini; kwezinye izindawo, izindawo eziningi ezisenyakatho, izimo zokushisa kufanele zisetshenziswe. Ngokuvamile, ezindaweni ezifudumele, izinga lokushisa lomoya livumela imbewu yokutshala utamatisi ibe phansi ngomhlaka ngo-Ephreli - indawo yokukhosela, futhi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi-emhlabathini ovulekile.
Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukushisa okubamba ukushisa, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani indaba yokubheka imibhede.Ukuze ukutshala utamatisi kusayithi kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga futhi ulungise inhlabathi, ugeze. Kuhle ukuqeqesha okunjalo ekwindla. Uma kwenzeka amaqhwa, amahlumela amathenda avikelwe isembozo esenziwe ngefilimu ekhethekile noma izinto ezingekho emthethweni (isibonelo, lutrasil) evumela umoya ukuba udlule. Ungenza ama-caps avela ezintweni ezibucayi (ipulasitiki, amakhadibhodi, ukuphahlazeka uzizwe, njll). Kungcono ukuwadonsa e-arc.
Kubuye kuphumelele ukutshala imbewu yamatamatisi emibhedeni efudumele, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ama-bio-fertilizer, okwenza kube nokushisa uma kunomlilo.
Kubalulekile! I-nitrojeni eyedlulele enhlabathini ingaholela ekutheni kube nezimbali ezilula zomatamatisi nezitshalo eziphansi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina imigomo enconywayo uma usebenzisa ama-fertilizer.
Ukulimala utamatisi ezimweni zokubamba ukushisa kuyahluka kokutshala nokugcinwa kwendle.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukushisa okushisa ukuvuza nokuphefumula okuphelele, kanye nomsebenzi wokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection. Ngemuva kokuqeda le mihla izinsuku ezinhlanu, kubalulekile ukuvuselela kahle ukushisa okushisa. Njengoba kudingeka - ngokugcwele noma ngokuyingxenye esikhundleni somhlabathi.
I-grounding flooring ngokwayo akufanele idlule u-25 cm, ngoba umhlaba kufanele ufudumele. Okokuqala udinga ukwakha imibhede. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-60. Aphawulwe eceleni ubude be-greenhouse, kodwa ungayibhala ngesimo sencwadi W noma P.
Ukuze uphume, imithombo yenziwe ngendlela ephazamisekile.
Funda kabanzi mayelana namatamatisi akhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zokutshala: ukutshala, ukufaka umquba, ukuququzela, ukuvundisa, ukuchelela, i-garter, i-pinching, izifo.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Emva kokwelashwa kwembewu, ukuqina nokuhluma, ungaqala ukutshala endaweni evulekile.
Ngokujwayelekile ngo-Okthoba inhlabathi isivele ishisa futhi isilungele ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni.
Enhlabathini elungiselelwe yenza izimbobo cishe ngo-37-40 cm ububanzi. Khona-ke, bayanisela umhlaba emithonjeni enesixazululo esishisayo sama-manganese.Ungahlwanyela imbewu eyomile futhi engakahlwanyeli ndawonye, ngokulinganayo ubasabalalise phezu komgodi.
Lokhu kwenziwa njengenetha lokuphepha uma kunciphisa ngokuzumayo izinga lokushisa futhi, mhlawumbe, iqhwa. Kulokhu, imbewu ehlwanyelwe ingase ife, kodwa owomile ngeke afe, kodwa nje kuhluma kamuva.
Lapho amaqabunga amaqiniso angu-2-3 avela, kubalulekile ukuba omncane avele amahlumela avele. Igebe phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngu-6-10 cm. Kubalulekile ukushiya amahlumela anamandla.
Ukunciphisa okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa uma amaqabunga eqiniso angama-4-5 avela. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, umgodi uphuziswa ngokucophelela. Ushiya amahlumela anamandla kude nakama-13-15 cm. Uma u-thinning, amahlumela awadonswa ngaphandle, kodwa agwetshwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Bese-ke bangatshala kwenye indawo noma bathuthele endaweni lapho kungekho khona amahlumela noma ababuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ekunciphiseni kokugcina, 3-4 utamatisi uhlala ne-interval of 40 cm phakathi kwawo.
Kubalulekile! Njengomthetho, utamatisi otshalwe imbewu-mbewu uhlale unamandla futhi ungaguli kakhulu kunambewu atshalwe.
Ividiyo: okuhlangenwe nakho kokutshala utamatisi okungenayo imbewu
Ukunisela
Ngokujwayelekile, utamatisi afafazwa nge-sprinkler noma indlela yokudonsa. Okuhle kubhekwa njengokunisela ukuchelela. Kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ibhodlela lepulasitiki elivamile, eliwela entanyeni phansi eduze kwamahlumela ngamatamatisi.
Ukusebenzisa i-hose esimweni esomile, utamatisi kufanele uchithe ngaphansi kwempande. Uma uwaphuza ngokuphelele, kuzoba nomthelela omubi ekutheni kube nezimbali, kubambe iqhaza ekwehleni kwezimbali, kuvimbele ukwakheka kwe-ovary izithelo nokuvuthwa kwazo. Ukushisa kwamanzi okunisela ngenkathi efudumele akufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-18 ° C. Ngenkathi ebandayo, kungcono ukufudumala amanzi okunisela kuze kube ngu-25-30 ° C.
Izimo zezulu zithinta kakhulu imvamisa yokunisela.
- Ehlobo, lapho kufudumele, ukuchelela kuyenziwa kanye ngezinsuku ezimbili. Ungavumeli i-topsoil ukuthi iphele. Emhlabathini ovulekile, lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kunesimo sokushisa.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu esiphezulu sinomthelela ekwomeni kwenhlabathi. Ngomoya oqhubekayo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kaningi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ukuchelela ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary. Uma kumile phakathi nenkathi enjalo, kungase kuqhume futhi isivuno sizokwehla ngokuqinile.
Utamatisi "iSultan", njengawo wonke utamatisi, ukhetha ukuchelela okulinganiselwe empandeni, umswakama owedlulele uyingozi kwisitshalo
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sezimvula nokubandayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukunisela utamatisi noma ukunciphisa. Imvula engapheli ingaholela ezifweni ezifayo.
Funda ukuthi ungamanzi kanjani utamatisi ensimini.
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Izwe elizungeze amahlumela kufanele likhululeke njalo, ngesikhathi esifanayo sisikhula. Inqubo yokukhulula ivumela uhlelo lwempande ukuphefumula; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi kangcono idlula umswakama.
Ukuze kube lula ukukhulula, ungasebenzisa i-Fokin-cutter-cutter, ezokwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngalolu msebenzi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokushesha ukhula.
Ukukhululeka kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala utamatisi. Le nqubo yenziwa okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Ukukhululeka kumele kube cishe ngo-5-6 cm ejulile.
Kubuye kudingeke kanyekanye ngokusilalisa futhi kukhululeke, ukukhuphuka kwetamatisi kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale izimpande ezengeziwe zokuzijabulisa zalesi siko. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo ingenziwa uma umswakama ohlangothini oluphezulu lomhlabathi luzogcinwa njalo. I-Hilling yenza, ihlumela ikhodi ikhule ngokwanele ukuze ikhule, bese iphinda njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-14-20.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhulula, ukusika nokweqa kuhle kwenziwa emva kokuphuza. Ngempela, lapho umhlaba unomsoco, lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe. Kusuka kumhlaba omanzi nokhula kulula ukususa kunoma owomile.
Funda indlela yokususa ukhula kusuka ensimini.
Masking
Izinhlanzi ezinamathele ezinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato "Sultan" emva kokubopha inombolo ethile yamabhulashi eyeka ukukhula. Bakha ama-1-3 stalks. Futhi, uma unakekela utamatisi, kubalulekile ukuwadlulisela. Ngenxa yalokhu, njengoba bekhula, zonke izingane zokutholwa kufanele zisuswe.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabili ka-Agasti, kubalulekile ukwenza i-spike yeziqongonga zaleli siko, futhi nokususa zonke izimbali nezithelo ezincane ezingakafiki ubukhulu be-hazelnut. Kodwa izihlahla ezimbalwa zingashiywa - uma kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekwindla kuzofudumala. Uma ihlobo lipholile futhi lizulu, ezinye izibhamu kufanele zisuswe ukuze zisheshise ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ezisele.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ngehlobo elifudumele, izinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi "Sultan" awukwazi ukuthobela ingane.
Ukushiya phansi ezitshaleni, kanye namaqabunga aphuzi kunconywa ukuthi unqunywe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kotamatisi, nokukhula kwezithelo ezinkulu. Ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwamatamatisi kunenqubo yokucubungula amathiphu amahlumela athela izithelo.
Ibhande le-Garter
Izinhlobo ezinamatamatisi aphansi kakhulu azidingi njalo i-garter. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izihlahla zezitamatisi zigcwala kakhulu izithelo ziqala ukuthembela phansi futhi zingahle ziphule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezixhumana nomhlabathi, ziqala ukubola futhi ziwohloka. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuchelela kwalesi sitshalo kufanele kwenziwe emmpandeni, kanti uma utamatisi ulele phansi, ukuqaliswa kokunisela okunjalo kuyinkinga.
I-garter yenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- Kukhonkwane, eqhutshwa eduze. Indlela elula abalimi abathanda ukuyisebenzisa. Nale ndlela yokushayela ngezithelo ezinkulu ngokucophelela ezisekelwe ekusekeleni ngendophi noma nge-tape indwangu. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa kulolu cingo lokudoba noma ucingo, ukuze ungafaki isiqu.
- Nge-trellis, esendaweni ethile ukusuka komunye nomunye. Phakathi kwabo, ukwelula uhlangothi ucingo, kushiya u-45 cm emkhatsini wemigqa ye-wire - amabhulashi kanye neziqu zezitamatisi ziboshelwe kuso.
Hlola imihlahlandlela yokugubha utamatisi ensimini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezilala ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo emhlabathini, ungakwazi ukubeka kahle amapulangwe, amahlumela, utshani obunamanzi.
Utamatisi "i-Sultan" ingatshalwa ngaphandle kwama-garters
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuqinisa utamatisi nokwandisa izivuno njengoba zikhula, yenza ukudla. Umanyolo we-Organic - udoyi lwezinkomo noma umkhuhlane wezinkukhu kuhle kakhulu kulokhu.
Umquba wezinyosi uxubaniswa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya kwezingu-10, nomquba wezinkukhu - 1 kuya ku-15. Isixazululo esilandelayo sisetshenziselwa umthamo we-litre elilodwa nge-tomato isihlahla. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kulandela ukuchelela.
Ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting, kunconywa ukuba ukhule ngamapulangwe bese ukhulula inhlabathi, ngoba lesi sitshalo asiwuthandi umhlabathi omile.
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Utamatisi ungaba nezifo eziningi nezinambuzane. Ukuzihlonza ngesikhathi esifanele nokwamukelwa kwezinyathelo ezifanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuhle esikhathini esizayo.
Cabanga ngezinto ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Vertex yokubola yezithelo. Iziqongo zezithelo eziningi eziluhlaza zithola umbala omnyama noma omnyama. Kuyenzeka uma i-calcium ingenalutho, futhi ingase ibe nomphumela wesimo sokuphikisana esivela ekusebenzisaneni kwe-potassium ne-calcium, lapho into eyodwa iphazamisa ukugeleza kolunye. Ukuqeda le nkinga, kanye nokuvimbela, udinga ukungeza i-tbsp engu-1 enhlabathini uma utshala. isipuni se-calcium nitrate nezinkuni ash.
- Alternaria. Kuboniswe ngezindawo ezibomvu ngokushisa kwamanzi entwasahlobo noma ekupheleni kwesikhathi sehlobo. Lesi sifo singenza i-perezimovat kwi-plant debris noma isakazwe ngembewu. Iyakuthinta yonke ingxenye engenhla-engxenyeni yesihlahla sotamatisi, kufaka phakathi izithelo eziluhlaza okwamanje. Lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zokutheleleka zitholakala, izihlahla kufanele ziphathwe nge "Skor", "Ridomil Gold" noma ezinye izindlela zokulwa nezifo zefungal.
- I-Fusarium iyilisa utamatisi - lesi sifo sefungal. Ukutheleleka kuthinta uhlelo lwempande, kanti utamatisi abukeka sengathi ayinakho umswakama. Isihlahla siyabuna, amaqabunga angezansi aqala ukuthola umbala ophuzi, i-stem imnyama futhi imifantu ivele kuyo. Ukuze uphathe le nkathazo, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa "Trikhodermin" noma "Previkur."
- Grey ukubola - Ibuye isifo sengqondo. Ithinta utamatisi endaweni epholile nemvula eminingi. Kubonakala ngendlela yamnyama echaphazela ingxenye engaphezulu yesitshalo (stem, amaqabunga, izithelo). Lapho nje imvula iphela futhi imisebe yelanga ivuselela umhlaba kahle, le nkathazo idlula. Uma utamatisi ethinteka yilesi sifo, u-Euparine noma u-Bayleton uzosiza ukulwa nalo.
- Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana - isifo esingathandeki kakhulu samatamatisi. Njengoba ukunqotshwa kwazo kulezi zitshalo kuvela amabala amnyama, amaqabunga abe aphuzi abune, izithelo ziqala ukuwohloka. I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo isemhlabathini, ithathwa yomoya, ingafika embhede wensimu ngamanzi. Lesi sifo sithandwa ngokunyuka komswakama emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokuvimbela ukugcoba noma ukuchelela emmpandeni. Awukwazi ukutshala utamatisi ngamazambane, zizokuthelela lesi sifo. Njengama-prophylactic agents, i-Pentafag ne-Mikosan ifaneleke kahle, nokulawulwa kwesifo esivele sesiqala, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali e-Infinito, Tattu, Ridomil Gold, Quadris naseBordeaux liquid.
- I-Leaf Twisting Virus. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama noma ithusi. Ngokuyinhloko igciwane lidluliselwa ngembewu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufeza imbewu ye-disinfection ngaphambi kokutshala. Kungcono ukususa utamatisi abathintekile lesi sifo. Ukuze uvimbele, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi utamatisi awomile, futhi ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokondla.
- Aphid Inkinga evamile ngamatamatisi. Kuhle kusiza ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga ngomlotha. Amahlamvu angasuswa futhi nge-decoction ye-yarrow, i-chamomile noma ugwayi. Ngokumelene nama-aphid, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kanye ne-biologics (isibonelo, i-Verticillin).
- Isibungu se-spider - inkathazo yemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga ahlanganiswe amancane ama-specks amancane. Ubukhulu bekhaksi bungaphansi kwe-1 mm futhi kunzima ukukucabangela ngeso lengqondo. Umkhiqizo we "Aktophyt" uzobhekana ngokugcwele nale nkathazo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinambuzane ziyi-parasitic ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma emibhedeni lapho utamatisi ehlanganiswa nefrimu yefilimu. Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nabo batusa ukususa ifilimu kusuka kubamba lokushisa noma utamatisi.
- I-fly fly. I-midge encane emhlophe eyingqungquthela yalesi sitshalo. Ukuze uziqede esitheni sokushisa, udinga ukwenza njalo umoya wokuphuza umoya, sebenzisa amateyipu okunamathela njengelungu. Ungasebenzisa futhi izidakamizwa "Bowerin."
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinambuzane nezifo zika utamatisi.Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis ejwayelekile ngokumelene nezifo eziningi, kunconywa ukwelashwa okulandelayo:
- Lapho izithelo ziqala ukukhula, utamatisi anconywa ukuba apopule lesi sidakamizwa "Utamatisi Saver". Ivikela ukulimala kwekwephuzile, i-macrosporosis, futhi ibuye ivuselele ukukhula. Njengokwenza isiphofu, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esisodwa sephesenti se-Bordeaux ingxube noma isisombululo sulfur sulfate engxenyeni yama-40-50 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Kunconywa ukwenza izinhlobo eziningana zokwelashwa okunjalo.
- Usizo oluhle kakhulu ezivela ezifweni nasezinambuzane ezifana nekhambi lemvelo, njenge-infusion yegalikhi. Ukuze ulungiselele, cishe izingilazi ezimbili zikagalikhi zichotshoziwe futhi zigcwele amanzi ashisayo (amanzi abilayo akufanele asetshenziswe). Bese kufike ku-10 amalitha, bese - kuxutshwe futhi kuhlungiwe. Ungangezela i-permanganate encane ye-potassium. Lesi sixazululo akudingeki ukuba sisetshenziswe, sisetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokulungiselela. Lezo zokwelashwa zenziwa zonke izinsuku ezingu-7-10.
- Kule nkinga kahle inamathele emaqabunga, ungangeza isobho lokuhlanzwa. Le ukwelashwa kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka - ngokuvamile 3-4 izikhathi.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe njalo utamatisi ovuthiwe futhi obomvu. Ngayo yonke indawo engu-1. amamitha utamatisi atshalwe "Sultan" ungathola isivuno esingu-15 kg.
Ukuvuthwa kwengxenye enkulu yamatamatisi kuqala ngoJulayi bese kuqhubeka kuze kube yingxenye yesibili ka-Agasti. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amahlathi kanye namaqabunga kancane kancane aqala ukufa. Kule nkathi lapho ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni eziningi kunciphisa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe zisuswe ngaphambi kokuqala kuka-Agasti, futhi kanye nalabo asebeqale ukuvuthwa.
Nge-snap engenayo ebandayo efika ku-5 ° C noma ukubikezela imvula ekushiseni kuka-8 ° C, zonke izithelo, kuhlanganise nezithelo eziluhlaza, kumele ziqoqwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ziyophela. Khona-ke kusayithi udinga ukususa zonke izihlahla. Uma ukwehla okunjalo ekushiseni kungabikezelwa, khona-ke isitshalo sivuthwa ngesikhathi esifanele, kanti isivuno sifa ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti.
Lapho amaqabunga efa, aphenduka aphuzi futhi ahlanganiswe ne-specks, kodwa le nqubo ayithinti izinga lezithelo zamatamatisi. Yingakho, uma kungekho frost, uthele izithelo eluhlaza kungashiywa ukuvuthwa esihlahleni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Ukuze utamatisi obomvu obomvu, impilo yokunakekelwa kwehalafu ayikho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5. Zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo ekulungiseleleni ama-saladi, ama-appetizers, ijusi nezinye izinto. Utamatisi ongaphelele unomphelo wezintambo ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10, futhi okuluhlaza kunamanye amaningi.
Funda ukuthi ungagcina kanjani utamatisi.
Ukuze utamatisi omude wesitoreji usinamathinini, usawoti, oqoshiwe, ujusi we-utamatisi omisiwe.
Ngenxa yesikhumba sayo esibucayi nobukhulu obuphakathi kwamatamatisi ahlukahlukene "Sultan" ifanelekile ukugcina. Ukwenza lokhu, utamatisi udinga ukuhlunga. Ukuchotshozwa nokuphikisana kufanele kubekwe eceleni, futhi kuqiniswe ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kwamazinyo, - ubeke ngokucophelela emabhokisini enkuni. Kungcono ukumboza ngezansi ngotshani, bese umboza phezulu nge-lid - ukuze ungabhubhisi utamatisi. Bese befakwa ekamelweni elipholile, elihle futhi ligcinwe cishe izinyanga ezimbili.
Kamuva, watshala amahlathi anganika isivuno kamuva. Izithelo ngeke zibe zibomvu kakhulu, kodwa zivuthwe ubisi. Zigcine isikhathi eside.
Ebusika, ufuna imenyu ehlobo ehlobo; ungangezela izitshalo ezikhanyayo, izinyangakazi eziningi kangaka zikwazi ukupheka i-adjika, utamatisi ujusi, usawoti, utamatisi oqoshiwe, amasaladi, utamatisi e-jelly.
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Lapho ukhula utamatisi ungabhekana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, utamatisi awubuhlungu futhi ugunciwe. Lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko zokushisa.
Ukubonakala kohlaza obumnyama, izindawo ezinzima ukuthinta utamatisi ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukungabi khona kwe-boron. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukondla nge-boric acid ngendlela engama-5 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 e-liquid.
Uma isithelo sikhula, kusho ukuthi impova isidlulile. Le nqubo ithinteka kakhulu ngokushisa (ngaphezu kuka-35 ° C) noma, ngokuphambene, iphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C) lokushisa okukhulu. Umswakama ngokweqile kunomthelela ekubunjweni kwe-voids. Ukuze ugweme le nkinga, ochwepheshe batusa izikhathi eziningana ngeviki ukuze bathuthukise ngobumnene izitshalo ekuseni ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuvota impova nokwakhiwa kwe-ovary. Uma ukulima kwenzeka enkonzweni yokushisa, kufanele kube njalo umoya.
Uma utamatisi ubuncane, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwembali, ukungcoliswa kwelanga okuncane, ukungabi khona kwelanga, ukushisa okushisa nokushisa i-nitrogen.
Ngenhla, umoya ophansi womoya (ngaphansi kuka-50%) uthinta ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary nokukhula kwezithelo zikatamatisi.
Ukuntuleka kwamaminerali kunqunywa ngokuphelele ngokuvela kwesitshalo:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kwenza izihlahla zihlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zibuthakathaka;
- inani elingekho ngokwanele le-phosphorus lishaya amaqabunga amathoni abomvu-violet, inhibits ukukhula nokuhluma;
- inani elincane le-potassium livezwe emngceleni wethusi emaceleni;
- enhlabathini ene-acidic ngokuntuleka kwe-calcium, iziqongonga kanye namanye amaphuzu okukhula aqala ukufa futhi aphenduke abamnyama;
Ividiyo: izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco
Izinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi "I-Sultan F1" iphelele emasimini ezindlini zezwe nasezikhungweni ezizimele, njengoba kuyinhlobonhlobo yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezingenakuzithoba kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu. Unesikhathi eside se-fruiting, esibalulekile kubanikazi beziqephu ezincane. Izithombo zakhe zingathengwa, futhi ungakhula ngisho nasekhaya. Ubuchwepheshe obuhle nokulula kwezolimo buzokunikeza isivuno esihle.
Ukubuyekezwa kwamaTamatata "I-Sultan F1"
