Uma uhlose ukuqala izinkukhu epulazini lakho, kodwa ungakaze ube nokuhlangenwe nakho ekunakekeleni izinyoni ezinjalo ngaphambili, sincoma ukuba unake uhlobo olunjalo njenge "Ukrainian lohmonogaya Ushanka".
Kulesi sihloko uzothola lonke ulwazi oludingekile ngalolu hlobo lwezinyoni: ukuthi lubheka kanjani, yiziphi izimo ezidinga ukugcinwa nokuthi zizalwe kanjani ngendlela efanele nangenzuzo.
Isizinda semlando
Ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lolu hlobo lwadalwa kanjani, kodwa, ngokusho kobufakazi obutholakala ekuhlaziyweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zomlando, kungashiwo ukuthi izinkukhu ezinendawo yangaphandle ziye zadingeka kakhulu eRussia nase-Ukraine kusukela ngekhulu le-17. Ukubheka imingcele yangaphandle, inhloso eyinhloko (ukuzala amaqanda) kanye nohlamvu, ekuqaleni lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yokuhlukana kwemikhiqizo emhlophe yaseRashiya neyezinhlanzi.
Uyazi? Ubufakazi bezinkukhu ezifuywayo ezifuywayo zafunyanwa ngenkathi kudutshulwa endaweni yaseTopiya yanamuhla. Ngokusho kwabo, izinkukhu zokuqala ezifuywayo zavela eminyakeni engaba ngu-3 000 edlule.
Naphezu kokubonakala okucacile kubalingiswa bangaphandle, kunokubambisana okuqinile phakathi kwegama lohlobo kanye nendawo lapho lwakhiwe khona. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezifana nayo yonke imingcele yangaphandle kanye nomkhiqizo uyaziwa nangokuthi iSouth Russian, i-Russian Russian neRussia. 
Ukudideka okunjalo egameni ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lukazwelonke (autochthonous), olukhansela ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke imizamo yokulifaka kunoma yikuphi ukubhaliswa.
I-Ushanka yase-Ukraine ifakwe ohlwini lwezinkukhu ezinhle zezinyosi. Phakathi kwezinkukhu zokuqondisa amaqanda nazo zivelele uhlobo lweLeggorn, uLoman Brown, iRussia White, i-Orlovskaya, i-Pavlovskaya, i-Minorka.
Izimpawu nezici
Uma uhlela ukuzalisa lezi zinyoni, kufanele wazi kahle izici zazo ezihlukile. Lokhu kuzoba usizo, okungenani, ukuze kuthi uma uthenga izinkukhu noma abantu abadala ungakhohliswa ngumdayisi ongenangqondo. Ngezansi uzothola incazelo yazo zonke izici zangaphandle nezici zokuziphatha zalezi zinyoni.
Ukubukeka
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-earflaps yisayizi encane ye-skull, lapho ithemba langaphambili livelele ngokukhethekile. I-front of the head and earlobes ivame ukuluhlaza obomvu noma obomvu obomvu. Phezu kwe-skull kukhona inqwaba enemibala enemibala ebomvu, ebomvu. I-earbe yezindlebe ihlanganiswe "nezwevu" ezincane kakhulu ezenziwe ngezinhlanzi, futhi "ubhedu" lubekwa ngaphansi komlomo.
I-Beak - enamandla kakhulu, enamandla, ine-bend kancane. Umgogodla - ubude obude, ngokuhlelekile buya esifubeni esikhulu. Ingemuva ine-bend, okwedlula, ngamaphiko angaphansi, okugcwele amaphiko. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi umzimba walesi sizukulwane sezinkukhu kunalokho kulukhuni futhi kulukhuni. 
Uyazi? Endle noma uma kunesidingo sokudla, izinkukhu zingadla amaqanda abo abonakalisiwe.
Imilenze ayihlanganiswa nempaphe, kanengi i-pink noma imhlophe, ifakwe engxenyeni ephansi kakhulu yomzimba. Unyawo ngalunye luphela ngeminwe emibili, okungu-3 okusetshenziselwa ukwakha inyawo, futhi 1 liphikisana, lisiza inyoni ukuba igcine ibhalansi. I-earflaps inomsila othuthukile, ikakhulukazi okhulunywe emagqumeni. Izimpaphe zimboza ngokugcwele umzimba wonke ngesigqinsi, esingqimba.
Umbala
Ama-feathers a-Ushanka ngokuvamile ane-tint emnyama, kaningi kaningi okubomvu. Kungenzeka futhi imibala ekhonjiwe ngamachashaza omhlophe, obomvu, omnyama, omnyama, ombala ophuzi, kuye ngemibala esemqoka. Amanye ama-specimens anombala omhlophe, kodwa abantu abanjalo akulula ukuthola. I-ear-flaps nombala omhlophe yizinzalo eziqondile zabazali "babo" zangaphambili, futhi labo abanemibala ehlukene bayakhiwa ngenxa yeziphambano ezilandelayo zenkathi ezahlukene. 
Umlingisi
Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lunokuthula futhi luzolile, kodwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (ukucindezeleka ngaphansi kwezimo zokudlulela endlini, ukungabi namaprotheni, i-methionine kanye / noma ezinye izakhi ezilandelanayo), ukutholakala komuntu kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile, izisulu kukhona labo abalimele noma abanokukhubazeka ngokomzimba.
I-Earflaps ikhetha ukuthi ibe sepaketini, ihlukunyezwa kakhulu kubafowabo, idle futhi iphuze amanzi ndawonye, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esilandelayo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezinkukhu. Abathandi amakhelwane nezinye izilwane nezinyoni, bakhetha inkampani yohlu lwabo kunoma yimuphi omunye. Zihambisana kabi nezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukahlukene (izinja, amakati). Umhlambi omkhulu walezi zinyoni ezimweni zokuntuleka kwendawo kungase kuqale ukubonisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinye izilwane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubantu.
I-instinct evumayo
Izinkukhu zalesi sizukulwane zinemvelo enhle kakhulu futhi emelana nesisu. Zithatha indlela enomthwalo wemfanelo yokugxilisa amaqanda amaqanda, uzame futhi ukuba ungaphazanyiswa ngisho nokudla nokuphuza, futhi emva kokuba izinkukhu ziqhekeke, aziwashiyi cishe isinyathelo esingaphansi, okunikeza abalimi amanani okukhiqiza amahlaya.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkukhu yenkukhu nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani amaqanda ngokumvelo.
Kubalulekile! Izinkukhu zalesi sizwe nazo futhi zizimisele ukuqala ukuqothula amaqanda nezinyosi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuba izinkukhu ziqhekeke, inkukhu idinga ukunqunywa ngokuphuthumayo kubo, ngoba kunamathuba aphakeme ukuthi, uma ebona ukufaka endaweni, uzobabulala.
Izimfanelo ezikhiqizayo
Ekhuluma ngomkhiqizo wezinkukhu epulazini lakho, udinga ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi yini i-earflaps yimihlobo eveza amaqanda kuphela. Ayaziwa ngokuzuza okusheshayo ngesisindo nokuphakama okuphezulu, njengama-broilers noma ama-coquins, futhi azihlanganisi phakathi kwabo amandla okudla inyama nezinamaqanda amaqanda, njengama-marketolies noma ama-amroxes.
Noma kunjalo, benza kahle kakhulu ngenhloso yabo eyinhloko - amaqanda athwalayo, kanye nesimiso esihle sokubeletha kwenza kube lula ukuwakhiqiza, ukwandisa izinkomba zabo zokukhiqiza. Ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezimfanelo ezikhiqizayo zoboya base-Ukraine ongafunda ngezansi.
Ukukhulelwa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ngonyaka
Igama lokukhulelwa lingenye yezinselele eziphawulekayo zalolu hlobo. Ukubekwa kwamaqanda okuqala amaqanda angabanjwa kuphela ngenyanga yesithupha yokuphila kwakhe. Lokhu kwenza ukuba bangenele ababi kakhulu ekuzaleni ngezimo zamafemu amakhulu ezimboni, lapho okwesikhashana udinga ukuthola inani elikhulu lamaqanda.
Kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi amavithamini ezidingekayo zokubeka izinkukhu nokuthi kungani izinkukhu zingathwali amaqanda.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okwenziwa minyaka yonke kwalezi zinyoni kunesimo esiphakathi phakathi kwamaqanda amaningi (isibonelo, i-leggorn) kanye nenyama neqanda. Ngokwesilinganiso, unyaka owodwa emva kokuqala kokukhulelwa, i-Ushanka ingathatha amaqanda angu-150-170, kodwa lesi sibalo sehla uma bekhula. Amaqanda ngokuvamile anegobolondo elimhlophe nesisindo esifundeni sama-50-60 g.
Ukuhamba phambili nokunambitha inyama
I-Ushanka ifinyelela isisindo sayo esiphezulu ngenyanga yesithupha kuya ku-6 emva kokuqothula iqanda. Ngama-roosters, angaba ngu-3 kg, kanti izinkukhu ziyashintsha cishe ku-2-2.5 kg. Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulu uma izithako ze-vitamin-mineral ziyongezwa ukuze zondle kusukela zisencane, lezi zinkukhu zingafinyelela isisindo esiphezulu ngenyanga yesine yokuphila.
Ukuze uthole inyama enhle, kufanele uzalise izinhlobo ezinjalo: i-Brama, i-Giant Giant, i-Cochinhin, i-Orpington, iFaverol.
Nakuba, ngokwezinambitheka kanye nezinkomba ezithintekayo, inyama yalezi zinkukhu iphansi kakhulu ekuzaleni inyama, noma kunjalo, iyadliwa, inezinga elilinganiselwe lokuqina futhi likhulu kakhulu. Izindophi namathanga asemnandi kakhulu, amafutha, cishe ayinayo imithanjeni ngaphakathi, amaphiko ayomile futhi anzima. 
Kubalulekile! Inyama ene-earflaps inkulu kakhulu yokubilisa umhluzi ngaphandle kwayo, ngoba ihlanganisa izicubu ze-muscular kanye ne-adipose ngokulingana okuphelele.
Izimo zokuboshwa
I-hat hat yase-Ukraine ayidingi noma yiziphi izimo ezikhethekile zokuqukethwe kwayo, futhi ngokujwayelekile, ukuzinakekela akufani kakhulu nokunakekela noma yiziphi ezinye izinkomo. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezithile ezikhethekile ezizokusiza ukuba unciphise kakhulu izindleko zokuzilondoloza futhi usakuvumela ukuba ususe inzuzo enkulu kulo.
Izidingo zeCopop
Inkukhu yekhukhu kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuze, uma ifunwa, inyoni ngayinye emhlambini ingathola indawo enkundleni, emgodleni, esidlekeni noma phansi. Uma uqaphela ukuthi izinkukhu asinayo isikhala esanele ekamelweni, yengezelela ngokuyihlomisa ngezimbalo eziningana ezizungezile, ezihola izitebhisi eziphakeme zokhuni. Inani le-perches kufanele lilingane nenani lezinkukhu ezibandakanya isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinkukhu, futhi inani lezidleke kufanele libe yi-1/3 yenani lezinyoni. 
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi phansi endaweni yenkukhu yenkukhu yayiyizinkuni, lokhu kuzokugwema ukulimala kanye nenhlanhla yemilenze yenkukhu ngenkathi ebandayo. Uma phansi ekamelweni kukhona ukhonkolo noma itshe - zama ukumboza nge embhedeni noma i-olicloth. Umshini kufanele ube ne-hay, utshani noma i-sawdust. Ukushisa kwenkomo yenkukhu akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-15 ... +20 ° С, kuqala kokuphila okuvamile kwezinkukhu.
Kubalulekile ukuhlomisa ikamelo ngokukhanyisa okwanele, ngoba izinkukhu zithwala kuphela ekukhanyeni, ngisho noma iqanda seluvele selivele ligcwele. Esikhathini esifudumele, udoti lushintsha izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga, futhi uma ungawupaki, ungazibeka ekuhlanzeni imfucuza kanye ngenyanga. Esikhathini esibandayo, udoti kuyodingeka ukuthi ushintshwe izikhathi ezingu-2 ngesonto ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezifo zamagciwane ezinkukhu zakho.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvikela inkukhu yakho kubusuku bokuhlasela kwamagundane kanye / noma ezinye izidumbu, ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwemisebenzi evulekile kanye nemigodi phansi, izindonga noma ukuphakama. Uma izinkinga ezinjalo zivela, ngokushesha uthele ubuthi phezu kwazo ngamagundane bese uzigcwalisa ngesamente noma ukhonkolo.
Ididi lokuhamba
Izindebe zezindlebe azidingi izikhala ezinkulu zokuhamba, ngokuvamile umhlambi wezinkukhu ezingu-10-15 ukwanele ukuba ube negceke elinganisa u-3 × 4 m. Qinisekisa ukuthi unakekele ukuba khona kocingo okungenani u-1.5 m ukuphakama, njengoba sekudala cishe wonke ama-roost nezinye izinkukhu ziqala zama ukuhamba futhi uphumelele ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa izicingo eziphansi. 
Igceke kufanele linike izinyoni zakho ithuba lokumba emhlabathini ukuze zifune izibungu kanye / noma utshani, ngakho akufanele kube nobulili. Uma uhlala endaweni ehlala inqwaba yamagundane, ama-hawks noma ama-eagles, kunconywa ukumboza amagceke ezinyoni ezihamba ngezinyawo.
Abondla nabaphuza
Abaphakelayo kanye nabaphuza kufanele babe ngokwanele ukuze inyoni ngayinye ngesikhathi sesikhathi esisodwa kanye nabo bonke abakwa-congeners bangathola indawo eduze kwabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukubeka la madivaysi ngqo phakathi kwamagceke futhi okungenani ama-50-70 cm kude komunye nomunye. Ngomhlambi wezinyoni ezingu-10-15, ngokuvamile izivalo ezimbili zokudla kanye nezitsha ezimbili zokuphuza ngokuvamile ziwanele.
Funda ukuthi ungakha kanjani abaxhasi nabaphuza izinkukhu ngezandla zabo.
Indlela yokukhuthazela ukushisa nokushisa
I-Ushanka yase-Ukraine iyinzalo engakhula cishe noma yikuphi ilungelo, ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibandayo. Imvula yakhe ende neyindlala imvumela ukuba akwazi ukukhuthazelela kalula ngisho namaqhwa anamandla kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, unezinyawo ezinomthelela kakhulu, ngakho-ke, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kungcono ukubeka udoti endlini yesikhukhu phakathi nenkathi ebandayo.
Ukushisa kubonakala ngalezi zinyoni njengento yonke ayikho embi kunomkhuhlane. Izinkinga ezithile zingabhekana nabantu ngabanye abanezintambo ezimnyama, ngoba zithatha ukukhanya kwelanga futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, izinyoni ezinjalo ziyashisa ngaphezu kokushisa okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, izinkukhu ezinamaphezi amnyama zingcono ukungazivumeli ngesikhathi sezinsuku zemisebenzi yelanga. 
U-Moult
Ngokuvamile i-molt ekhanda lensimbi iyenzeka ekupheleni kwekwindla - ukuqala kwasebusika, futhi, njengomthetho, cishe igweme ngokuphelele inqubo yokubeka amaqanda. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi se-molt umzimba wenyoni udinga inombolo enkulu yamacronutrients, ikakhulukazi i-calcium ne-phosphorus, evame ukuyokwakha ama-eggshell. Ukuzikhukhumeza ezinkukhu ezindala ngumcimbi waminyaka yonke owubangelwa ukukhanya kwemvelo.
Inqubo ye-molting iqala kusukela entanyeni nasekhanda futhi kancane kancane isakazeka ngaphesheya kwe-torso, amaphiko futhi ibuyele emsila. Ngenkathi yokwenza i-molting, umzimba wezinkukhu uba nomthelela kakhulu ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokuqoqa izimpaphe, imithwalo yegazi encane ehamba ngaphansi kwesikhumba ibonakalisiwe. Yingakho kunganconywa ukuba uqoqe izinkukhu ezandleni zakho ngesikhathi u-molting. Inqubo yonke ihlala ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-3.
Kubalulekile! Ukusheshisa inqubo ye-molting, kutuswa ukunikeza izinkukhu ekwindla nasebusika ukondla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka okuqukethe inani eliphakeme lemaphrotheni.
Okufanele ukondle umhlambi omdala
Ukudla okulungile kuyisihluthulelo sokuzalanisa ngempumelelo kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza amaqanda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkukhu zithola inani elanele lamaprotheni kanye nokukhethwa kwemithi, ngoba zinezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokubunjwa kwamaqanda. 
Nasi uhlu lwemikhiqizo edinga ukufakwa ekudleni kwe-earflaps yabantu abadala base-Ukraine:
- ufulawa we-clover;
- ukudla kwenhlanzi;
- amazambane abilisiwe;
- imifino eqoshiwe;
- iklabishi;
- izaqathe;
- isithombo sebhitrudi;
- izitshalo okusanhlamvu (ukolweni, ibhali, njll);
- i-legumes (i-lentils, ubhontshisi, njll);
- i-eggshell emhlabathini;
- imvubelo.
Zijwayele ngezici zokulungiselela izinkukhu zokulungiselela izinkukhu.
Izinkukhu zokuzala
Inani lokusinda kwalolu hlobo lufinyelela emanzini amakhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, izinkukhu ezingu-86% zisinda kulinye ilitha, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-89 ezinkukhu afike enyangeni eyodwa ubudala. Ukuzivocavoca kubonisa ukuthi ngezimo ezanele zokuboshwa, lezi zibalo ziba ziphakeme nakakhulu. Ngezansi uzothola ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokuhlela kahle ukuzalana kwezinkukhu zalolu hlobo.
Amaqanda aqanda
Inkukhu iphakathi kokukwazi ukuhlala ku-1 ibeka amaqanda angu-10-15, noma kunjalo, ukuhlukahluka kwalezi zibalo kuzo zombili izinkomba kungenzeka, kuye ngokuthi ubuningi bezinkukhu namakhulu amakhulu inkukhu inakho. I-Roost ingcono kakhulu ukuhlomisa ekhoneni elikude lenkukhu yenkukhu, ukuyivimbela ngamabhodi noma ukwakha ukwahlukanisa izitini. 
Eceleni kwesidleke se-perch, kubalulekile ukubeka umgogodla wokuncelisa nokuphuzisa umama ukuze kungadingeki ukuba ahambe kude nenzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo futhi, uma kunesidingo esinjalo, angasabela ngokushesha ekuhlaselweni kwamaqanda akhe nezinye izinyoni noma izilwane ezidlayo. Inqubo yokufaka incubation iyaqhubeka ngokwesilinganiso ezinsukwini ezingu-19-21.
Ukunakekela abasha
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, u-Ushanka wase-Ukraine ungumama omuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke, akufanele kube nesidingo sokunakekela abasha. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uqiniseke kusengaphambili ukuthi izinkukhu, emva kokuqhaqhazela kwazo, azihlangani nezinye izinyoni ezindala, ngaphandle kwezinkukhu zazo, ngoba zingase ziqale ukuqhuma kuze kube sekufeni.
Zama ukuhlela isikhala sabantu abancane, abahlanganiswe ngokuphelele nxazonke, ngisho nakusenhla, ngoba ngokuvamile izinkukhu ezincane ziba izisulu zezinyoni zenyamazane. Bala inani elidingekile labaxhasi nabaphuzi kusengaphambili bese ucabangela ngokucophelela indawo yabo. Zama ukuhlela ukuthi amantombazane kanye nomama wabo bahambe egcekeni lokuhamba nokufinyelela utshani obusha.
Ukudla Kwezinkukhu
Izinkukhu zinomthelela omuhle wokugaya ukudla, ngakho ungaqala ukuzondla njengamakhukhu omdala. Ngeviki lokuqala kunconywa ukuthi ubanike kuphela isilwane noma okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili, kancane kancane ukwandisa ukudla, ungeze imifino ebilisiwe namaqanda, i-bran, i-bone meal, imifino nemvubelo. Lapho izinkukhu sezifinyelele eneminyaka engu-3, ungaqala ukuzondla ngokudla okufanayo nezinye izinyoni.
Izinzuzo nokuziqhenya kohlobo
Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo zihlanganisa:
- ukungathobeki kwezimo zokushisa;
- izinga eliphezulu lokusinda izinkukhu nezinyoni ezindala;
- ukungahloniphi ubukhulu bendawo yokuzijabulisa;
- isimiso somama esibelethwe kahle kakhulu;
- ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuhle kakhulu;
- ukungazitholi ekudleni;
- Ngaphezu kwamaqanda, futhi inikeza inyama enhle.
- isisindo esincane somuntu ngamunye;
- usayizi omncane nesisindo samaqanda;
- imilenze ebucayi kakhulu;
- isikhathi esiseduze sokukhulelwa;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokubulawa komuntu ngokuphendula izici ezithile zemvelo;
- kunzima ukubekezelela isikhathi se-molting.
Ngakho-ke, sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize uthole izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho mayelana nezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezifana ne-Ushanka yase-Ukraine. Futhi uma ungapheleli nje ukuzalana kwezi zinyoni njengendlela yokwenza imali, kodwa zama ukuzitshela ngomphefumulo nangokwemvelo, uzophela ngokujabulisa okuningi. Inhlanhla kuwe kule ndaba enzima!
Ukubuyekeza
Yiqiniso, uma ugcina umhlambi wabantu abafana nabantu baseMoscow, kuzoba yisithukuthezi ... Kodwa lezi! Kodwa udinga ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani.
