I-topping cherries: Umanyolo oyisisekelo nemithetho yokusetshenziswa kwawo

I-Cherry, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isivuno sengadi, idinga ukunakekelwa njalo, kufaka phakathi ukugqoka okuphezulu. Kunemithetho eminingana okudingeka uzijwayeze yona ngaphambi kokuqala lo mcimbi, kanye nokufunda ngomanyolo osetshenzisiwe nezindawo zawo.

Izinhlobo eziphambili zomquba nezimpawu zazo

Ukondla ama-cherries, kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lomanyolo. Abalimi basebenzise ngempumelelo ama-organics namaminerali. Zijwayeze ngezimpawu ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nobungako kanye nomthamo ophakeme (imininingwane eminingi inikezwe etafuleni).

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi wonke umanyolo kumele usetshenziselwe inhlabathi engakamunyiswa ngaphambili.

Urea

I-Urea isetshenziselwa ukugqoka okwezimpande nokusemaphethelweni

I-Urea ngumanyolo odumile osetshenziswa abalimi abaningi. Kuqukethe i-nitrogen (46%), edingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesisindo esiluhlaza sesitshalo. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise ngokuhlanganiswa nosawoti we-potassium uma wenza ukugqoka ngezimpande. Kuya ngeminyaka ye-cherry, uzodinga ama-50 kuye kwangama-300 g esihlahleni esi-1 sokugqoka okuphezulu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elihle kakhulu lokulungiselela isisombululo se-urea ngu-80 ° C.

I-Urea nayo isetshenziselwa i-coccomycosis. Lesi sifo esiyingozi sokukhunta siyathathelana kakhulu futhi singathinta hhayi izihlahla ze-cherry kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilimo, ezinjenge-apricot. Ekuvinjelweni nasekulawuleni kwayo, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esingu-3-5% (30-50 g se-urea + 10 l samanzi). Badinga ukugeza Cherry ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Lapho i-cherry ilinyazwa yi-coccomycosis, amaqabunga ayo ajika aphuzi bese kuvela izimbobo kuwo

I-Superphosphate

I-Superphosphate iyingxenye ebalulekile yokugqoka kwaphezulu ekwindla

I-Superphosphate ngenye yamanyolo asetshenziswa kakhulu ngabalimi, enezakhiwo eziningi ezizuzisayo. Inomsoco - i-phosphorus (20-50%), ngenxa yokuthi ukugqoka phezulu kusiza ukunciphisa ijubane lokuguga kwesihlahla se-cherry, kwandise ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo, kanye nokwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande. Ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, amaqabunga alesi sitshalo aphenduka onsomi (kwesinye isikhathi kuphela ohlangothini oluxegayo) futhi ambozwe izindawo eziphuzi.

Uma lesi sitshalo singenayo i-phosphorus, khona-ke amabala ansomi ayavela kuso

I-superphosphate elula ihamba kahle nomanyolo we-nitrogen, ophindwe kabili - ngosawoti we-potassium. Ayihlanganisiwe ne-ammonium nitrate, chalk kanye ne-urea, ngakho-ke thatha ikhefu lezinsuku eziyi-7-10 phakathi kokufakwa kwale manyolo.

Ngomhlaka 1 m²Ama-100-150 g wezinto asetshenzisiwe.

Umanyolo wePotash

Umanyolo wePotassium kumele usetshenziswe ngokucophelela ukondla ama-cherries, ngoba ama-cherries azwela i-chlorine.

I-potassium chloride nosawoti we-potassium kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukondla ama-cherries.

Potassium chloride

I-potassium chloride ivame ukusetshenziswa ngabalimi ukondla izihlahla zezithelo. Umanyolo lo ukhulisa ukukhula nokukhula kohlelo lwezimpande, kuthinta kahle ubusika bokuqina kanye nokubekezelela isomiso, kusebenze ukukhula kokudubula, okuandisa umkhiqizo, nezithelo ngokwazo ziba noshukela futhi zinamanzi ngokwengeziwe.

I-potassium chloride iyatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, futhi ngokondla i-cherry kungcono ukhethe i-granular (ngaphandle kwalokho ibizwa nangokuthi imbewu).

Usawoti we-potassium

Usawoti wePotassium ubuye futhi ungumthombo we-potassium, osiza ukuthuthukisa imetabolism futhi ukhuphule ukungazami kwesitshalo. I-Cherry ine-average yokumelana ne-chlorine, okuyingxenye yalomanyolo, ngakho-ke landela ngokucophelela umthamo lapho usuthisa. Akukho ngaphezu kwama-40 g athembele kwisithombo, cishe nge-100 g esihlahleni somuntu omdala.

Ammonium nitrate

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-ammonium nitrate ezingasetshenziswa ukuvundulula ama-cherries.

I-Ammonium nitrate, njenge-urea, ingumthombo we-nitrogen odingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ezincane. Okondla ama-cherries, ungasebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate elula (ingathatha indawo ye-urea), kanye ne-ammonia-potasium, engathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo ngenxa ye-potassium ekwakhiweni kwayo.

Umthamo ophelele walomanyolo ngu-150 g wesithombo kanye no-300 g wesihlahla esidala, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-saltpeter esikhundleni se-urea.

Umquba

I-compost ngumanyolo owaziwayo ongadambisa ngawo inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo. Njengoba ama-cherries efuna ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu, kufanele ukwazi ukulungiselela umxube onjalo. Esitsheni noma emhlabathini, beka ungqimba lwe-peat (10-15 cm), kuwo - imfucumfucu yemifino (amaqabunga, iziqalo zemifino, utshani). Thela isitoko ngesisombululo somquba wezinkukhu noma womquba (1 ingxenye yomquba ezingxenyeni ezingama-20 zamanzi noma 1 ingxenye yomquba ezingxenyeni eziyi-10 zamanzi, ugcizelele izinsuku eziyi-10). Ngomhlaka 1 m²gcwalisa ngo-400 g we-ammonium nitrate, 200 g we-potassium sulfate no-500 g we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili. Gcwalisa okungenalutho ngensimbi yomhlaba noma nge-peat (10 cm). Mboza nge-foil. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, inqwaba idinga ukushukunyiswa, kuthi emva kwezinyanga ezi-4 kusukela esikhathini sokulungiselela, umquba ulungele ukusetshenziswa. I-5 kg yanele isihlahla esisha, okungenani ama-30 kg kumuntu omdala.

Ash

I-Ash igcwalisa inhlabathi ngezakhi eziningi zomsoco

I-Ash ngumanyolo ongabizi futhi olusizo oqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni izitshalo. I-Ash inothile nge-potassium ne-phosphorus, futhi futhi iqukethe isibabule, i-zinc, i-iron, i-magnesium ne-calcium. Ukondla ngesisombululo somlotha noma ngomlotha kungathuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic, kulawule ibhalansi yamanzi futhi kwandise ubusika beqhwa lezihlahla ze-cherry.

Ash Isicelo Incazelo

Lime

Ekulungeni kwezitshalo, umcako awusetshenziselwa kuphela ukumanzisa, kepha futhi ukunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi futhi uyihlalisa ngezinto eziwusizo. Ngakho-ke, i-calcium equkethwe kulamula isiza ama-cherries ukuthi andise ukungatheleleki, athuthukise imetabolism futhi aqinise izindonga zemithambo yegazi, ezoba nomthelela omuhle ohlelweni lwezimpande lwesihlahla. Ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe isikhathi esingu-1 ngeminyaka engama-4-5, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa i-organics for dress top. I-Alumina, inhlabathi elula ne-loamy izodinga i-400-600 g / m², ngobumba obunzima - 500-800 g / m².

Izimpawu zenhlabathi ene-acid ukubukeka ebusweni bomhlaba oluhlaza okotshani, amahhashi, izimbotshana ezinamanzi amdaka noma ukuqhuma okukhanya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lime ijwayele ukusetshenziswa empini yokulwa ne-coccomycosis. Enye yezindlela zokulawula ukushisa isihlahla ngokumhlophe. Ukwakheka kwengxube: i-hydrate lime (2 kg) + sulfate yethusi (300 g) + amanzi (10 l).

Ama-cherwashing cherries azosiza ukubhekana ne-coccomycosis

I-Dolomite

Ukwethulwa kwe-dolomite enhlabathini kuzosiza ukunciphisa i-acidity, kanye nokuyifaka umquba

Ufulawa weDolomite, kanye ne-lime, kusetshenziselwa ukwehlisa i-acidity enhlabathini futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yayo. Ukwethulwa kwe-dolomite kunomthelela ekugcwalisweni kwenhlabathi nge-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-magnesium, kuthinta kahle ukukhula kwama-microorganisms azuzayo futhi kusiza ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Izinga lesicelo se-500-600 g nge-1 m².

Uma udinga ukunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi, lapho-ke lapho ukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele, gxila esikhathini sonyaka: umcako ubhekana kahle ne-oxidation kahle, kepha ungasetshenziswa kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwedlule. I-Dolomite isetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukwelapha inhlabathi ehlutshiwe ngayo.

Incazelo yomanyolo wezimbiwa

I-topping cherries: uhlelo nemithetho yokufaka umanyolo

Ngakho-ke ukuthi ukugqoka okuphezulu akulimazi i-cherry, kufanele ulandele imithetho yokufaka umanyolo.

Isiyingi seTrunk

Ukunakekela ama-cherries, udinga ukushiya umbuthano wesiqu

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuphakelwa okufanele kwama-cherries, ungakhohlwa ukwenza umbuthano wesiqu. Umbuthano oseduze kwesiqu yindawo enomhlabathi ezungezwe isiqu lapho kufakwa khona amanye umanyolo (ngokwesibonelo, usawoti wamaminerali). Ukwethulwa kwamanye umanyolo (ngokwesibonelo, ama-organics noma izixazululo), kanye nokunisela, kwenziwa emgodini wangaphandle wesiyingi esiseduze. Ububanzi bomsele onjalo kufanele bube ngu-20-30 cm, ukujula - 20-25 cm.

Ububanzi besiyingi sedoti buyahlukahluka ngobudala be-cherry:

Ngonyaka wokuqala yokunisela, yenzani isiyingi kude le-10-15 cm ukusuka kwisithombo.
Ngonyaka wesibili, umbuthano wesiqu somthi uzobanjwa kude ngu-25-35 cm ukusuka kwisithombo.
Ngonyaka wesithathu, ibanga lizokhuphuka lifinyelele ku-40-50 cm.
Eminyakeni yesine nelandelayo, lapho ekugcineni umqhele wakheka, imingcele yombuthano wesiqu kufanele ihambisane nemingcele yomqhele. Abanye abalimi bacabanga ukuthi ububanzi bendilinga yesiqu sezibalo buphindwe ka-1.5 ububanzi bomqhele.

Ukunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa emgodleni wangaphandle wesiyingi sesiqu

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Cherry ngeminyaka - ithebula lokufingqa

Lolu hlelo lukhona emhlabeni wonke futhi lungasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izifunda.

Iminyaka ye-Cherry	Unyaka owodwa	2 unyaka	3 unyaka	4 unyaka	Uma ufake umanyolo ngendlela yesikhathi esifanele, futhi umuthi wakho ukhula ngendlela efanele (uthela izithelo, ungaphenduki ophuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njll.), Ungashintshela esimweni esivamile sokudla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi usebenzise ama-300 g we-superphosphate ne-100 g we-potassium chloride nesikhathi esi-1 njalo eminyakeni emi-4 kuya kwento e-organic (30 kg ye-humus noma umquba ku-1 groove yangaphandle) kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3 ekwindla eduze kwesiqu. Uma i-cherry ikhula kabi (amafomu angenamandla athela, angatheli izithelo, njll) futhi ayinazo izakhamzimba, khona-ke ukondla ngonyaka kufanele kwenziwe eminye iminyaka emi-3. Yenza umhlabathi wokuvinjelwa uvunyelwe kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-5. Uma usebenzisa u-lime, qala ngokumba umhlabathi, bese ufafaza i-powder ebusweni. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ungasebenzisa i-lime noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Futhi, musa ukwenza inqubo yokulinganisa ngasikhathi sinye nomanyolo we-nitrogen (urea) kanye ne-organic (compost).	Unyaka 5-6	7 unyaka	I-Cherry ibhekwa njengomanyolo ngokugcwele futhi ayisadingi ukondliwa konyaka. Isikhathi esi-1 eminyakeni emi-2 entwasahlobo engeza i-urea nesikhathi esi-1 eminyakeni emi-4 kumakhemikhali womthamo ofanayo nonyaka we-7 ngemuva kokutshala isilimo. Ukukhawulwa kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-5 ngokwemithetho efanayo.
Isikhathi sentwasahlobo	Lungiselela umgodi wokufika. Amapharamitha: ukujula - 40-50 cm, ububanzi - 50-80 cm. Inketho yokondla Cha 1 Ngezansi komgodi, engeza ingxube ye-potassium chloride (25 g) ne-superphosphate (40 g), ngemuva kokunisa inhlabathi. Gcwalisa umanyolo ungqimba womhlaba obukhulu obungama-5-8 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala isithombo, gcwalisa umgodi ngalokhu okulandelayo: i-humus + ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ovundile (1 ingxenye) + humus (1 ingxenye). Ukondliwa okukhethwa kukho No. 2 Ngezansi komgodi, engeza ingxube ye-potassium chloride (20 g) ne-superphosphate (40 g). Ngemuva kokutshala isithombo, gcwalisa umgodi ngale ndlela elandelayo: umlotha (1 kg) + umquba noma umquba (kg) 3-4 oxutshaniswe nomhlaba nomhlabathi okhishwe emgodini. Qaphela ukuthi ungasebenzisa kuphela umquba obolile, uma kungenjalo ungafaka engcupheni yokulimaza izimpande zesithombo.	Inombolo yokugqoka ephezulu. Kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Faka ikhambi lokudonsa inkukhu noma umquba ku-groove yangaphandle yombuthano wesiqu. Ukulungiselela: Ukudonsa inkukhu (1 ingxenye) + amanzi (izingxenye ezingama-20). Hlanganisa futhi ugcizelele ngaphandle izinsuku eziyi-10; umquba (ingxenye eyi-1) + amanzi (izingxenye ezi-4). Hlanganisa futhi ugcizelele endaweni efudumele izinsuku eziyi-10. Cwilisa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ngale ndlela elandelayo: 1 ingxenye yesisombululo sezingxenye ezine zamanzi. Ungakhohlwa ukuchelela imisele ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo. Ukondla No. 2. Kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Uma ungafuni ukufaka umhlabathi inhlabathi, khona-ke ama-organics angathathelwa indawo nge-ammonium nitrate (ukusetshenziswa - komanyolo we-150 g womanyolo ngamunye).	Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala, i-cherry iqala ukuthela izithelo, ngenxa yalokho, idinga ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, engeza le ngxube elandelayo kusentimitha ngasinye sombuthano wesiqu: kabili superphosphate (20 g) + usawoti we-potassium (10 g). Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, engeza ilitha eli-1 lomlotha egangeni elingaphandle lombuthano wesiqu, ngemuva kokuncibilikisa inhlabathi. Ungathela futhi ama-cherries ngesisombululo samanyolo wamaminerali: usawoti we-potassium (2 wezipuni) + urea (1 wezipuni) + amalitha ayi-10 amanzi; potasium nitrate (2 tbsp) + 10 l wamanzi.	Ekuqaleni kanye maphakathi no-Ephreli, engeza i-150 g ye-urea kwimbuthano yesiqu bese ugaya phezu kwenhlabathi.		Ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi no-Ephreli, uthele ama-grooves angaphandle ngesisombululo se-ammofoski (30 g somuthi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Isihlahla ngasinye kufanele sithathe amalitha angama-30.	Maphakathi no-Ephreli, engeza ama-300 g we-urea embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu bese ugaya.
Isikhathi sehlobo	Akukho ukugqoka okuphezulu	Akukho ukugqoka okuphezulu	Ukwelashwa kwehlobo kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokubukeka nokukhula kwesiqu seqanda, kanye nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Yenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar top: hlanganisa urea (50 g) emanzini (10 l) bese ufafaza umqhele. Phinda inqubo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 2-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu. Ukwakha imbewu, faka i-cherry ngesixazululo somlotha (ilitha eli-1 lomlotha ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi). Kuyadingeka ukunisela yonke imbuthano yesiqu. Esihlahleni esi-1 udinga amalitha angama-20- 35. Maphakathi no-Agasti, faka ama-cherries futhi ngomlotha ngokulingana okufanayo noma ne-dolomite (inkomishi eyodwa yama-dolomite nge-10 l lamanzi). Esihlahleni esingu-1, amalitha angama-20-35 azohamba. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-10, ungakwazi ukufaka umanyolo we-cherry ngesisombululo se-potassium phosphorus: usawoti we-potassium (1 tbsp) + superphosphate ephindwe kabili (2 tbsp) + 10 l wamanzi. Umthamo nendlela yokunisela iyafana.	Ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, engeza ama-300 g we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili no-100 g we-potassium sulfate embuthanweni oseduze.		Akukho ukugqoka okuphezulu	Ukondla akwenziwa.
Isikhathi sokuqothuka	Akukho ukugqoka okuphezulu	Phakathi kokuphela kuka-Agasti nokuqala kukaSepthemba, engeza ama-5 kg we-humus no-100 g we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili nge-1 m kuma-grooves angaphandle² ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Esikhathini esisuka maphakathi no-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, gaya umbuthano osondelene nesiqu bese ufaka u-1.5 kg womlotha, u-150 g we-superphosphate no-30-40 g we-potassium chloride ngemitha yesikwele kuya ku-8-10 cm.	Inombolo 1 Esikhathini esisuka maphakathi no-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, gaya umbuthano oseduze bese ufaka ama-2-3 kg we-humus kanye ne-mineral fertilizer (100 g we-superphosphate no-30 g we-potassium chloride / m²). Option No. 2 (yenhlabathi ene-acidic) Esikhathini esisuka maphakathi no-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, gaya umbuthano oseduze bese unezela ama-2-3 kg we-humus kuwo, ne-2 kg kafulawa we-dolomite emgodini ongaphandle.	Maphakathi no-Septhemba, engeza umquba noma i-humus engxenyeni engaphandle ngesilinganiso sama-20 kg esihlahleni esi-1 bese usigaya.		Ukondla akwenziwa.	Maphakathi no-Septhemba, engeza umxube wamaminerali kwindilinga yesiqu: kabili i-superphosphate (400 g) + ye-potassium sulfate (150 g). Bambe umhlabathi. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, faka umquba emiseleni yangaphandle, engeza ama-40 kg we-humus esihlahleni ngasinye.

Abanye abalimi baphikisana nokuthi umanyolo owenziwe ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele ube unele weminyaka engu-3-4 yokuqala yokuphila kuka-cherry. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi unake ubude bamagatsha: uma ukukhula kungaphansi kwama-30-40 cm ngonyaka, khona-ke i-cherry kufanele idliswe ngokohlelo olubekiwe.

Imithetho yokondla izihlahla zensimu - ividiyo

Njengoba ubona, ama-cherries, yize edinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, kepha awulula futhi angabizi kakhulu kubalimi abaqalayo. Landela yonke imithetho nezincomo ngendlela esheshayo, futhi uzoqinisekisa ukuthi ungunqampuna wekhwalithi.