zu.pastureone.com
I-Parthenocarpic ikhukhamba izinhlobo

Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ukhukhamba "Berendey"

Ikhukhamba - mhlawumbe enye yezithelo zemifino ethandekayo emhlabeni wonke. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, njengengxenye yama-saladi ahlukahlukene, kanye nokukhethwa, ukukhetha kanye nokulondoloza. I-Zelentsy ingajabulisa iso kulo lonke ihlobo. Ababelethi bakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene, okwaqeda ezinye izici zokukhubazeka kwamasiko futhi basebenzisa ezinye izimfanelo eziwusizo. Enye yalezi nzalo yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBerendey F1.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Ukhukhamba "ama-Berendey" yizo izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala. I-Blossom kakhulu uhlobo lwesifazane lwezimbali. Isisindo sokushisa esiphezulu sinamathiselwe ngokulinganisela. Amahlamvu aluhlaza, ubukhulu obuphakathi. Le node iqukethe ama-ovaries okungenani ama-3.

Phakathi kwezici zalezi zihlukahlukene yilokhu okulandelayo:

  • ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu;
  • ukuhambisana nokuhambisana, okufanelekile kokubili ukudlala nokudla okuluhlaza;
  • izithelo zibukeka kahle;
  • kufanelekile ukukhula endaweni yokushisa, nokuvuleka;
  • Asikho isidingo sokuvuna impova (izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-partihenocarpic);
  • izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ngokwanele ezinambuzane nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo;
  • unomkhiqizo ophezulu.
Uyazi? I-Botany ihlukanisa ikhukhamba njengezithelo, iyiphatha njengeberry yamanga. Ekuphekeni, izithelo zibhekwa njengemifino.

Izithelo nezivuno

Izinyanga eziyi-1.5 emva kokuvela amahlumela, izithelo zokuvuthwa kuqala. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nezimo zezulu ezimnandi ezivela ku-1 square. Imitha engadini ingaqoqwa ngamakhukhamba ayi-14.5 kg. Ububanzi bezithelo bungifinyelela ku-45 mm, ubude bezithelo - kufika ku-14 cm, isisindo esilinganisiwe - 140 g. Ukuma kwekhukhamba kulungile, emhlabathini kukhona ama-tubercles avela ngokucacile anezimpikane ezikhanyayo.

Hlola izinhlobo ezinjalo zokuqala zokuvuthwa njenge: "I-Festoon yaseSiberia", "Taganay", "Umncintiswano", "Zozulya", "iminwe", kanye "nesibindi".

Okuhlaza, i-emerald peel isakhiwo esincane. Inyama iyamanzi futhi iyamnandi, i-bite ikhiqiza i-crunch ehlukile. Ichazwe iphunga elimnandi lale mifino. Ibanga lifanelekile kokubili ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, nokulondolozwa (salting).

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Uma ngesizathu esithile ungazange ukhulise izithombo ngokwakho, kuyodingeka uthenge emakethe. Ukwenza lokhu kungcono, Yebo, kusuka kumkhiqizi ojwayelekile, ogama lakhe owaziyo. Kodwa uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, kuzodingeka ubhekane nomdayisi ongajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, khuluma nomkhiqizi. Mbuze ngezinto ezihlukahlukene asebenzelana nazo. Uma umuntu ephendula ngokuzethemba imibuzo yakho, uyazi okuningi ngalolu hlobo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uyibhekane nayo.

Sincoma ukuthi sijwayelane nezinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile zamakhukhamba.

Manje ungaya ekuhloleni okubukwayo kwezithombo, ukukhetha kwayo kumele kuqondiswe yimithetho elandelayo:

  • Ukukhula kwesithombo akufanele kudlule inyanga eyodwa;
  • i-stem kufanele ibe nephilile futhi ikhulu ngokwanele, kungekho zibonakaliso zobomile;
  • hlola ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande (kunobuthakathaka kakhukhukhamba), kufanele lubukeke luphilile, lube semhlabathini futhi lungabi nampawu zokuma;
  • kumbe owodwa akumele kube ngaphezu kwamaqabunga amane ombala ohlaza omnyama;
  • ukuphakama kwesibhamu esisodwa akufanele kudlule 12-15 cm;
  • hlola ngokucophelela amaqabunga aphansi, akufanele agcoke futhi aphuzi (amaqabunga angase akhombise ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwabagqugquzeli bezokukhula);
  • Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izithombo zazisemhlabathini futhi zanele ngokwanele.
Kubalulekile! Ekuqaleni kwezinhlobo zekhukhamba, ama-inflorescences wesifazane akhiwa e-stem eyinhloko; ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lezi zinhlobonhlobo azitholakali.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Ukhukhamba lufuna kakhulu ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukukhula isitshalo esivamile, kufanele ukhathazeke ngokulungisa imibhede yokutshala kusengaphambili. Konke ukhukhamba, kanye ne "Berendey" ikakhulukazi, thanda u-loam noma u-loam okhululekile we-loam. Imhlabathi enezinga eliphakeme le-asidi, kanye nenhlabathi eqinile, ayifanele ukukhula okujwayelekile kwalokhu yemifino. I-pH kufanele ibe yi-asidi engathathi hlangothi noma ebuthakathaka.

Funda indlela yokudla ukhukhamba ngemuva kokutshala, endaweni yokushisa, ngesikhathi sokubhakabhaka, kanye nendlela yokudla imvubelo, iodini, futhi ukwandise isivuno semifino eluhlaza.

Ngakho into yokuqala ukucacisa izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi. I-PH 7 ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile, amanani aphansi awuphawu lwe-acidity enkulu. Okuphansi kwe-pH, okungeyona efanelekayo inhlabathi ukukhulisa isitshalo. Noma kunjalo, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi i-Berendey ifaneleka pH ephakeme (uhlobo lomhlabathi oluthile). Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kuyadingeka ukuthi isibonakaliso siseduze ne-pH 7. Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ye-acidity. Ukuze unqume i-acidity, ungaxhumana ne-laboratory, noma ungathenga idivayisi ye-Alyamovsky, futhi uhlaziye ngokwakho, ngokulandela imiyalelo. Kulula futhi kufinyeleleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya inhlabathi ye-asidi ngokusebenzisa iphepha lokukhomba (litmus). Lesi sibonakaliso sithengiswa ezitolo zama-chemical reactants.

Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokunquma ubuhle be-asidi enhlabathini, uthathe umanyolo uphinde ucofe.

Ukwenza lokhu kuhlaziywa kufanele kube kanje:

  • uthathe umhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-0.3 m nge-bayonet spade;
  • uthatha umhlabathi omncane, uwuthambise ngamanzi acwecwe, uhlanganise kahle;
  • Phakathi kwe-pellet ewumphumela ufake umdwebo we-indicator, ubambe umzuzu owodwa;
  • susa umdwebo uphinde uqhathanise umbala wayo nesilinganiso sokulawula;
  • umbala ofanele uzokhombisa izinga le-pH yenhlabathi yakho.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukukhula ukhukhamba lapho izihlobo zazo emndenini wePumpkin zikhula kubo. Kulesi simo, kunengozi enkulu yokutheleleka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene zezici. Imibhede yokupheka yokutshala ikhukhamba kufanele ibe ukuwa. Izwe lidinga ukukhulelwa. Uma kwenzeka inhlabathi ine-asidi ephakeme, kufanele usebenzise i-organic alkaline organic. Ufulawa waseDolomite.

Nciphisa izinto ezingaphezu kwe-asidi ezinjalo:

  • i-lime;
  • ufulawa wama dolorite;
  • uthuli lomhlabathi;
  • isikhombi;
  • ukhuni lomlotha.
Ngokushesha lapho kuphuma ukushisa kwentwasahlobo, bamba imibhede ezayo. Ukujula kwe-cut kufanele kube okungenani ngu-0.25 m. Khona-ke ingxenye engaphezulu yesendlalelo esivuliwe ngosizo lwe-rake kufanele ixubane nama-humus alungisiwe kusukela ekwindla. I-humus ephekwe ngokufanele - ingcebo yomlimi wensimu nezitshalo. Benza ama-humus avela ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo (utshani, amaqabunga awile, umquba, utshani). Emva kokumba umhlabathi, okwenza i-humus nokuphuza kahle, imibhede ezayo kufanele ifakwe ifilimu engadini izinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi ivuselela kahle, futhi i-humus izoqala ukusebenza kwayo.
Uyazi? Izwe lakuleli ikhukhamba, elaziwa isintu esivele ku-IV leminyaka leminyaka BC. e., yizindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba aseNdiya. Emagqumeni aseTibet, lesi siko singasatholakala esimweni sawo sasendle. EBhayibhelini, kwaziwa ngokuthi imifino yaseGibithe.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Uma ukhula ukhukhamba wezinhlobonhlobo zeBerendey, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho elula:

  • ezihlukahlukene zithanda inhlabathi emincane enezinga eliphakeme lama humus;
  • itshalwe endaweni efanayo kungakapheli iminyaka engama-4;
  • ikhula kahle emva kwetamatisi, i-peas, ummbila namazambane okuqala;
  • ihlumela elibi emva kwayo yonke ithanga;
  • ukushisa kwenhlabathi akuphansi kwe +14 ° С;
  • izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakanyisiwe liyi + 24 ... + 30 ° С;
  • inhlabathi kufanele i-hydrated kahle;
  • Izithasiselo ezinhle ze-potash ziyadingeka;
  • izinga elanele le-CO2 emoyeni;
  • indawo kufanele ifakwe kahle, kuyilapho kudingekile ukuba ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga phezu kwezitshalo, zingashisa amaqabunga amancane ekhukhamba.

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokukhukhamba ukhukhamba - ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngalendlela, isitshalo esitshalwe kakade (cishe inyanga eyodwa) sitshalwe enhlabathini, esiqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha kunokuba imbewu itshalwe ngqo emhlabathini.

Sikhula ukhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile, esiteshini sokushisa, ebhaleni, efesiteleni ebusika, emabhakede, emgqonyeni nasesikhwameni.

Ukuzihlakulela kwezithombo kungcono ukusetshenziswa kokuthengwa. Wena ngokwakho uyazi, kusukela enzalweni yalokho izithombo zekhwalithi ezikhulile, ungazisebenzisi ngobuningi obukhulu bokukhula okuhlukahlukene. Yenza ukuqina okudingekile, ugcine izinga elifunayo lomhlabathi.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala, khetha izinhlamvu ezingenalutho. Ukwenza lokhu, qeda ingilazi yamanzi 1 tsp. usawoti bese uphonsa imbewu emanzini. Lezo zinhlamvu ezihlala phezulu zingaphonswa - aziyize. Ukuqoqa imbewu esele, badlula esigabeni esilandelayo sokulungiselela. Uma uthenge imbewu yomkhiqizo owaziwayo ephaketheni, akudingeki ukuba uqale phambili. Sebevele bephathwa nge-antiseptic nokukhula okukhuthazayo. Uma uthenge imbewu noma usebenzise eyakho, khona-ke kufanele kusetshenzwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Kuyafaneleka ngale njongo:

  • ukufaka isisombululo se-potassium permanganate ku-1% emaminithini angu-20;
  • ukufaka isixazululo se-baking soda ku-0.5% ngosuku olungu-1. Inqubo enjalo, ngaphezu kwe-disinfection, inegalelo lokukhuthaza ukuhluma;
  • isisombululo se-phytosporin.
Ngemuva kokusetshenzwa kwe-aseptic yokutshala impahla kufanele kube nzima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, shiya imbewu ngobusuku obuqandisini esiqandisini, bese ubavumela emini ukuba bafike kwi-radiator. Kule ndlela engaqondakali, silungiselela imbewu ekushiseni okushisa, ukushisa nokubandayo.
Kubalulekile! Umquba wamahhashi wokondla ukhukhamba unqatshelwe ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ammonia.

Manje kubalulekile ukuhluma izinto zokutshala. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kanje:

  1. Khulisa isikhumba esincane esinamanzi ngamanzi (okukhethwa kukho kuyinto ekhishini le-tile 30x30 cm).
  2. Beka i-napkin epulini elibanzi elingajulile ukuze isigamu se-napkin sibekwe epulangwe, kanti isigamu sesibili silenga okuxekethile. Thela amanye amanzi phansi ukuze usule kahle ngokwanele, kodwa akekho amanzi phansi kwepuleti.
  3. Beka imbewu engxenyeni ye-napkin, umboze phezulu nenxenye evame ukuxhuma.
  4. Kusukela phezulu qinisa ipuleti ifilimu, izokwenza i-microclimate edingekayo.
  5. Khipha njalo ifilimu isikhashana, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa amahlumela aluhlaza azophuma embewu. Zingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini uma zifinyelela ubude obuyi-7-10 mm (cishe izinsuku ezingu-4-6).

Okuqukethwe nendawo

Ngokuya kwenani lembewu, ungasebenzisa isitsha somuntu ngamunye ngezinhlamvu (izinkomishi ezilahlayo ezinezimbobo zamanzi, izimbiza ze-peat) noma isitsha esivamile sembewu, esenzelwe imbewu eningana (ama-egg trays, amabhokisi e-plastic strawberry, njll). Uma kunjalo, uma usebenzisa inani eliphelele, lapho izithombo zifinyelela ku-5-6 cm (emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili weqiniso), kuzodingeka zifakwe emandleni ngamuntu ngamunye.

Khetha ikhono elifanele lezithombo.

Amathangi okuhlala kufanele afakwe endaweni elula futhi efudumele. Izithombo ezikhanyayo ziyadingeka kakhulu, kanye nokushisa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kungabikho ukushisa okwanele, kuzodingeka usebenzise umthombo owengeziwe wokushisa (izibani, ama-heaters).

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo eningizimu yeRussia nakulo lonke elase-Ukraine liqala ngo-Ephreli. Ngokuqondile, usuku lokuhlwanyela imbewu lungabalwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zezulu. Amakhukhamba kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho umhlaba ugoba u -12 ° C ubude buka-0.1m. Ukushisa kwansuku zonke isilinganiso kufanele kube yi-+20 ° C nangaphezulu, futhi ukushisa kwebusuku akufanele kuwele ngezansi + 14 ... +16 ° C . Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ezihlangabezana nalezi zimo zezulu, susa amaviki angu-4. Lokhu kuyoba usuku oluhlongozwayo lokuhlwanyela izithombo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa inhlabathi elungiselelwe kwisitsha ukuze izithombo zibekwe ngaphambili, ukubeka amanzi emhlabathini phansi (ubumba obunwetshiwe, i-polystyrene foam).

Ungathenga i-primer ekhethekile esitolo, futhi ungazilungiselela:

  • Umhlabathi we-turf - izingxenye ezimbili / 5;
  • peat - 2/5;
  • sawdust - 1/10;
  • umquba - 1/10.

Noma ukwakheka okunjalo:

  • umquba obolile - 3/5 izingxenye;
  • umhlabathi we-turf - 3/10;
  • isanti - 1/10.
Uyazi? Kusukela kumaGreki asendulo, ikhukhamba lathuthela kumaRoma, lapho cishe eminyakeni engamakhulu eminyaka eVIII-IX iqala ukunqoba iYurophu. Ummeli waseJalimane u-Herberstein "Amanothi mayelana nohambo oluya eMuscovy" okokuqala ukhuluma ikhukhamba ensimini yesikhathi esizayo uMbuso waseRussia ngo-1528.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibalwe kuhhavini ku-180 ° C imizuzu engu-20 noma ichithe isisombululo se-potassium permanganate esingu-2% ekushiseni kuka-100 ° C (amanzi abilayo).

Manje kuyadingeka ukwethula umanyolo emhlabathini ngesilinganiso sama-10 amalitha enhlanganisela:

  • superphosphate - 15 g;
  • i-potassium sulfate - 8 g;
  • urea - 7 g;
  • i-magnesium sulfate - 2 g

Superphosphate. Inhlabathi eziqukathweni zokutshala kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokwanele, kodwa umswakama owedlulele awunasidingo. Gcwalisa iziqukathi nge 4/5 wevolumu izinsuku ezingu-4-5 ngaphambi kokutshala, ngalesi sikhathi sifinyelele ezingeni elidingekayo lomswakama (ukuchelela phansi noma ukubeka izitsha ebhethri ukuze kuqhume umswakama owedlule). Lapho imbewu nenhlabathi sezilungele, ungaqala ukutshala. Uma usebenzisa iziqukathi zomuntu ngamunye, yenza iziqu zakho zeminwe emhlabathini ngokujula kwe-0.5 cm. Esigodini esiwumphumela, faka imbewu bese ufafaza ungqimba womhlaba ukuze kube khona ungqimba lomhlabathi obanzi obukhulu obuyi-1 cm ngaphezu kwenzalo. Uma kwenzeka usebenzise ithreyi evamile ngezinhlamvu ezimbalwa, yenza imifantu emide engaphansi. Beka imbewu kuzo zonke izinyanga ezingu-6-7, ufafaze ama-grooves nenhlabathi emgqeni owodwa njengendlela yangaphambilini. Le ndlela yimbi kakhulu kunokutshala ngabanye ngokuthi amahlumela maduzane kufanele ashintshwe.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Ekunakekeleni izithombo zekhukhamba, okokuqala, izingxenye ezintathu kufanele zilawulwe:

  • ukushisa;
  • ukuchelela;
  • ukukhanyisa

Ukuze izithombo, ukushisa okunethezeka kungu-20 ... +23 ° С. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umkhawulo ophezulu walolu hlu uphezulu kakhulu, kubalulekile ukugcoba inhlabathi ngaphezulu futhi ukuvuselela igumbi. Uma kunciphisa izinga lokushisa, ungasebenzisa i-fitolampa. Izibani ezinjalo zingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kokushisa, banikeza ukukhanya okuningi okudingekayo ekukhuleni okufanele kwezithombo.

Kubalulekile! Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele, ama-saplings akhishwa ngamandla; ngakho-ke akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala izithombo ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Uma kukhishwa ngaphandle, isibani esingu-60-watt sifanele ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe. Uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu sishonile, ukukhanya kwemvelo kuyokwanela. Ukuphuza izithombo kudingeka kusetshenziswe amanzi afudumele kuphela, izinga lokushisa eliba ngu-+25 ° C. Qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ingumunwe, kodwa akusekho ukuthi ikhukhula (umswakama ngokweqile uyisongo ohlelweni lwempande). Uma kunjalo, ukubeka umswakama ngokweqile, faka izithombo endaweni efudumele yokukhuphuka ngokushesha komswakama futhi unqume ukuphuza okwesikhashana. Uma umhlaba umile - sebenzisa i-spray. Ngokukhula kwezithombo kudingeka kube nzima. Ngosuku olungenamoya, phonsa ngaphandle ebhodini noma uvule iwindi. Qala ngezinqubo ezinemizuzu emihlanu, wengeze kuso nsuku zonke imizuzu engu-3-5. Ngokukhula kwezithombo kuleli tangi kuyadingeka ukuthulula inhlabathi. Le nqubo kufanele iqhutshwe kabili njengoba izithombo zikhula.

Thola ukuthi zingaki izinsuku zokukhuphula ikhukhamba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo zidinga ukudla. Yondla ukukhula okuncane cishe izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Isikhathi sokuqala - emva kokuvela kwekhasi lokuqala, emva kokuvela kwekhasi lesibili - isondlo sesibili. Emva kwamasonto amabili emva kokudla kwesibili kuchitha ingxenye yesithathu. Ungathenga umanyolo wesitolo ngalezi zinhloso, futhi ungawapheka ngokwakho. Kulula ukwenza, ngezansi iresiphi yomanyolo, ephelele yokudla amahlumela amancane ekhukhamba:

  • amanzi - 3 l;
  • inkukhu yecala - 50 g;
  • superphosphates - 4 g;
  • i-ammonium nitrate - 2 g;
  • i-potassium sulfate - 4 g
Lokhu kukwakhiwa kwenziwa ukugqoka kokuqala, esikhathini esizayo, inani lezithako (ngaphandle kwamanzi) kufanele liphindwe kabili.
Uyazi? Izitshalo zokugcina izithombo zinesikhathi esifanayo nesikhathi sethu. Izinhlobo zokuqala zokugcina izithombo zanamuhla zasungulwa eRoma lasendulo. Isizathu sasiyisifiso sombusi uTiberius sokubona imifino esisha etafuleni lakhe nsuku zonke.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Lapho umhlaba ufudumele ngokwanele kanti izithombo zakho zilungele, zingatshalwa emhlabathini. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izithombo, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya alisakhula ngokwanele, kunciphisa ukuchelela, lokhu kuzonciphisa ukukhula. Uma usenquma ukutshala izithombo ezincane, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya aliphezulu ngokwanele, sebenzisa ifilimu engadini. Isikhathi esifanelekile sokutshala izikhukhamba emhlabathini yiyona eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni, ngaphansi kwefilimu ukuqala kweyeshumi leminyaka kaMeyi. 2 amasonto ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba kudingeka ukupheka umbhede engadini. I-dig grooves nge-0.2-0.25 m ejulile ebhodini elizayo legadi.Ngaphansi kwe-groove kufanele kufakwe umquba obolile, ungafaka umquba, ufafaze umanyolo ngendwangu yomhlabathi.

  1. Izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ngendlela ephazamisekile ngezinga elingamamitha angu-0.25, phakathi kwemigqa - 0.6m. Ngalendlela yokutshala, isitshalo ngasinye siyothola ilanga elanele.
  2. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emibhedeni, ukumba imbobo ngaphansi kwesithombo ngasinye, uthele bese ufaka umquba noma umquba phansi.
  3. Susa ngokucophelela insimu enhlabathini isitsha sesitshalo (uma izithombo ziphezu le-peat, zitshale nazo) bese ubeka imbewu emgodini.
  4. Izithombo kufanele zifakwe emgodini ukuze ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-substrate lungu-1-1.5 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi. Bese ufafaza isitshalo ngomhlabathi futhi ulula izandla.
  5. Namanzi izithombo ngamanzi afudumele bese umboza uhlelo lwempande olunamanzi. Lesi silinganiso sizodala i-microclimate eyengeziwe (ukukhuphuka komswakama kuzophuza futhi isikhathi esithile ukushisa okuphezulu kuzogcinwa endaweni eseduze).
Kubalulekile! Ukufakelwa ikhukhamba izithombo ezenziwe, ziqondiswa yiminye imithetho. Izithombo ze-Stalk azikwazi ukungcwatshwa kakhulu emhlabathini. Imibhede yekhukhamba kumele ikhululwe. Spud isitshalo akufanele, kungenjalo kuyofa. Lesi siko sidinga ukuchelela njalo futhi okungajwayelekile.

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Indlela yokusabalalisa ikhukhamba ukulima ukuvame kakhulu. Ngalendlela, imbewu ihlwanyelwe ngokushesha emithonjeni, embhede ovulwe edidini noma ebamba lokushisa.

Yenza imibhede ephezulu e-cottage bese wenza izicingo.

Izimo zangaphandle

Ukuze kukhule ukhukhamba "Berendey" ngendlela engenalutho kufanelana kokubili ukushisa nemibhede evulekile. Ukulungiswa komhlaba kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nezithombo ezikhulayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Bheka isakhiwo ngaphansi kwemibhede, uyibeke futhi uyilungiselele ekwindla. Uma uhlulekile ukwenza lokhu ekwindla, entwasahlobo ungenza konke ngendlela elula. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi iyasebenza, futhi ekwindla awuzange ungeze i-lime, umlotha noma u-choki, akudingeki wenze lokhu entwasahlobo. Kuyoba ngokwanele amanzi alkaline fertilizer organic.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Imbewu kufanele itshalwe lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi likhuphukela ku-16 ... +18 ° С. Ephakathi neRussia, lokhu cishe kungxenye yesibili kaMeyi. Eningizimu yeRussia nendawo yonke yase-Ukraine - eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, silungiselela imbewu ngendlela efanayo nezithombo ezikhulayo. Kuphela kufanele kubhekiswe ukunakwa kakhudlwana kokuqina. Ngemuva kwe-disinfection (i-potassium permanganate noma i-soda), faka imbewu emanzini amanzi kanye neqandisini izinsuku ezintathu.

Emva kwalokho, susa izinto zokutshala kusuka esiqandisini bese ubeka izinsuku ezintathu endaweni enokushisa okuphezulu. Kubalulekile ukulungiselela umbhede wokutshala imbewu ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwenziwa ngendlela yokwenza imbewu (engeza ama-humus, uthele amanzi abilayo bese ushiya ngaphansi kwefilimu izinsuku ezintathu). Yenza izimbobo ezinama-5 cm ejulile, ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbobo - 0, 25 m, ukuhlukanisa umugqa - 0.6 m. Faka imbewu 3-4 emthonjeni ngamunye. Ngemva kwalokho, uma amahlumela amaningana ephakama, kuzodingeka ukuthi aqotshwe.

Uma ufuna ukubona isivuno esihle, landela imithetho elula:

  • ukukhipha ngezikhathi ezithile isikhukhula emhlabathini;
  • ukhiphe ukhula ngokucophelela, kuhle ukukwenza ngezandla zakho (uhlelo lwempande lwamakhukhamba lubuthakathaka futhi lukhula luyingozi kuwo);
  • yenza ama-tapestries bese ubopha amahlumela;
  • emva kokunisela ngamunye, ngokukhululeka ukhulule izithamela kanye nenhlabathi ngqo emibhedeni;
  • ukutshala izwe 1 isikhathi emavikini angu-1.5-2.
Uyazi? Ababelethi be-UAE belethe ukuma kwe-cucumber shape.

Ukunisela

Uma isimo sezulu sezulu, ukuchelela njalo akudingeki. Uma isimo sezulu somile, ukuchelela nsuku zonke kufanele kwenziwe. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngokufudumele (+ 23 ... +25 ° C) amanzi emvula kuze kube ngu-9 ekuseni esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwezitshalo. Futhi udlulisele ukuchelela emahoreni kusihlwa ngenkathi isitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi ungamanzi kanjani ukhukhamba endle nasendaweni yokushisa.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kungekho izinja nokushisa kwomoya ukukhula okuvamile okukhukhambayo akukona okwanele, uthele ushisayo (+ 55 ... +60 ° C) ngamanzi nje ngaphansi kwe-shrub, ukuze umswakama ungangeni emaqabunga. Isilinganiso sokunisela - ama-5-6 amalitha amanzi ngalunye isikwele esingu-1. imitha njalo ngesonto ngaphambi kokusila. Lapho lesi sitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza futhi sithele izithelo, ukuchelela kufanele kwande kuze kufike ku-13-25 amalitha masonto onke. Udinga ukuphuza isiko ngamanzi okuchelela. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hose, namanzi ikakhulukazi kampompi, akuthandeki kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukufaka ukuthambisa okuthambisa amanzi okwenziwa ngamabhodlela eplastiki:

  1. Emabhokisini amabhodlela anekhono lama-2 amalitha, izimbobo ezingu-5-7 zenziwe ngepikili eshisayo, bese ukhokho ugoqwe nge-rag.
  2. Udonga lwamabhodlela lufakwe emkhatsini wesibhakabhaka, ekude u-3 cm ukusuka phansi, ukuze phansi kuvimbele ukungcola ukungena emgodini, kodwa ngokusigoqa, ungadlulisela amanzi ebhodleleni.
  3. Eceleni kwesihlahla sama-ikhukhamba, umgodi ugoba ukujula okunjalo (13-15 cm) ukuthi ibhodlela ngokuqinisekile lihlala libhekene naso (i-cork enezimbobo isilonda kanye nokuphumula kwe-rag ngokumelene phansi emgodini).
Kubalulekile! Zama ukuhlola umswakama omuhle womhlabathi. Gcwalisa ibhola ekhishini elincane lomhlaba. Uma wakwazi ukwenza ibhola - umswakama uqinisile, uma usakazeka futhi uphahla - inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu, uma idiliza - kukhona ukungabi nomswakama.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Ukuhlunga emigqeni yekhukhamba akukwenziwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezihlanu phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula, imigqa emkhatsini wemigqa ikhula kuze kube izikhathi ezine. Ukukhulula inhlabathi kanye nokulima nokuhlunga izithombo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimazi izimpande zezitshalo.

Masking

C ufunda ukuthi izinhlobo ezinomhlobo obuningi wesibhakabhaka, lapho i-Berendey ingokwakhe, akudingeki ukuba igwetshwe. Kulokhu, kungalimaza ngisho nesitshalo. Inqubo yokudlula iyadingeka lapho izihlahla zingatheli izithelo. Emasimini asemagqabeni avela abazukulu, ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo sinikeza izakhi ezidingekayo ekwakheni ama-ovari.

Thola ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uqoke ukhukhamba.

Ibhande le-Garter

Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kumele kuhokhwe izitshalo ze-garter. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani kufanele ugqoke:

  • Amakhukhamba ahlanganisiwe athatha isikhala esincane, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukutshala izihlahla eziningi endaweni efanayo;
  • i-garter yenza kube lula ukuvuna;
  • ukuxhumana nomhlaba kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokubonakala kwezidumbu;
  • inani elikhulu lamahlumela kanye nama-inflorescences avela esikhwameni esiboshwe, okuholela ekukhuleni komkhiqizo;
  • isitshalo esiboshwe sidinga isondlo esincane;
  • izithelo ngemivimbo enguboshiwe zithola ukukhanya okuningi, ngokulandelana, ukuvuthwa ngokushesha.

Amakhukhamba ama-garter. Inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokuba isiqu sikhule sibe ngu-0.3-0.35 m. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqabunga angu-4-6 agcwele. Kungcono kakhulu ukwenza i-garter ekuseni, ngaphambi kokuba kushise. Imithetho eyisisekelo okufanele ilandelwe uma ihlanganisa ukuqhuma:

  • i-trellis kufanele ifakwe kusengaphambili ukuze igweme umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande;
  • ukusekela isishayo, sebenzisa iziqephu zendwangu (ububanzi - 3-4 cm), ngoba izintambo zilimaza iziqu;
  • kuyadingeka ukuthi uvikele isitshalo ngaphansi kweqabunga lokuqala noma lesibili;
  • lapho ukuqhuma kutholakala kahle, izinqubo ze-lateral kufanele ziboshwe ngokwehlukana, ngaphandle kwalokho zingabamba umzali, zimbangela ukulimala;
  • lapho i-stem eyinhloko ikhula ibe yi-trellis, kuyodingeka ikhonjiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho iyoqhubeka ikhula ngobude, ivimbela amahlumela okuba khona ekuthuthukisweni.
Uyazi? Abantu baseYurophu bakhetha izinhlobo zekhukhamba nge-surface ebushelelezi engenazo izinhlanzi. Izithelo ngamame ababiza ngokuthi "ikhukhamba laseRussia".
Ukuze ukhiqizwe i-trellis uzodinga izinsimbi ezimbili zensimbi noma izinkuni, izingcezu zendwangu yokotini, ucingo kanye nentambo. Ngaphambi kokukhuphuka, izisekelo zokhuni ziphathwa nge-anti-bacterial composition noma zenziwe ngopende, futhi izisekelo zensimbi zidwetshiwe noma zilawulwa ukwelashwa kokulwa nokushisa.

Kukhona lezi zinhlobo zama-garters:

  • enezingqimba. Eduze izitshalo, amapayipi amabili aqhutshwa eceleni emaphethelweni ombhede. Phakathi kwabo, kude no-0.25-0.3 m, izintambo ziqinisiwe, futhi izintambo zizophikisana. Izintambo ezivundlile zingathintana komunye nomunye njalo ngamamitha ayi-0.7-1. Ukuklama kulula ukuklama, okusebenza kahle, kodwa kunomphumela owodwa: ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo kubonakala kuncike phansi kanye nomthunzi ingxenye yesitshalo. Ukuqeda lokhu, kufanele wenze i-trellis ephakeme futhi ungakhohlwa ukugcizelela izitshalo lapho befinyelela ubude obufanele;
  • ngokuqondile. Izesekeli zifakwe ngendlela efanayo ngendlela yangaphambilini - eceleni kwemiphetho yombhede. Ephezulu phakathi kwezinsizakalo, intambo iphikisiwe, izintambo eziqondile ziboshwe kuso ngokusho kwenani lezitshalo. Phezulu kokushiswa ngalunye kuhlanganiswe ngentambo eqondile. Njengendlela ehlukile yale ndlela, faka ikholomu elilodwa eliqondile eduze nesitshalo ngasinye. Indlela inhle yokugubha inqwaba yezitshalo;
  • hybrid. Isetshenziswa uma izitshalo zitshalwe embuthanweni. Ukwesekwa kufakwe phakathi nendawo, isikhonkwane siyasondelwa eduze nesitshalo ngasinye. Phakathi kwesikhonkwane kanye nokusekela okuphakathi, intambo isethelwe phezu kwesibhamu esiyophikisana nayo;
  • udonga. Phakathi kwalezi zesekelo ezimbili, ezitholakala emaphethelweni ombhede, igridi enelikhulu elithululiwe. Uma umbhede usude, ukuze ugweme ukugoqa ukugoqa, akusetshenziselwa izesekeli ezimbili, kepha ngaphezulu. Phakathi kwalezi zesekelo ezimbili ezisezingeni eliphakeme zakha izinombolo eziningana. Okuhlukile kwe-garter enjalo igridi yocingo noma i-intersecting slats yamapulangwe (ingadi ye-pergola).
Kubalulekile! Uma wenza i-garter, izintambo akufanele zilungiswe ngokuqinile, ziqinisa isiqu. Bashiye kancane khululekile.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukudla kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala. Izithombo ezikhule ngambewu zondliwa emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili okuqala eqiniso. Kusukela kokungeniswa kwesigaba sokuqala somanyolo kuncike esimisweni sokudla esilandelayo. Ngesikhathi esizayo udinga ukondla isitshalo emavikini amabili ngemuva kokuqala. Kukhona ukudla okuyisisekelo okuyisisekelo.

  1. Okumangalisayo. Izitshalo zisetshenziselwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka empandeni. Izitshalo zichitheka emanzini futhi ziphuza ngobumnene endaweni yasolwandle ukuze isixazululo singatholi emaqabunga.
  2. Foliar. Sula isitshalo ngesisombululo sokuhlushwa okuphansi ukuze ungashise amaqabunga. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinhlelo zabiwe.

Ngama-fertilizer ephilayo, i-mullein ibhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yamakhukhamba. Ichitheka emanzini (1:10) kanti isisombululo esiholela ekukhuliseni inhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1 l semali yokukhula okuncane. Korovyak. Kufaneka kahle njengama-droppings ezinyoni zemanyolo (inkukhu, amajuba). Isixazululo silungiswa ngokulingana okufana nokusetshenziswa kwe-mullein (1:10), kuphela izindebe ezimbili zomuthi wokhuni kufanele zengezwe kumkhiqizo otholiwe. Ilitha elilodwa lomanyolo liyadingeka ngesitshalo ngasinye. Izinyembezi zezinyoni. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-urea. 50 g we-urea ichitheka ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. I-0.2-0.25 l yesisombululo esilandelayo ijojowe empandeni yesitshalo ngasinye. Awukwazi ukuxuba i-urea nge-superphosphates noma i-lime, ngaphandle kwalokho izinto zizosabela futhi i-nitrogen esitshalayo isitshalo siyohlakazeka. Urea Ammofosk. Spread 25-30 g of umanyolo ngokulinganayo emkhatsini imigqa, bese uxubane nenhlabathi, kancane ukumba up aisles. Uma lesi sitshalo siphilile, akufanele sikhonywe ngesikhathi sezimbali. I-Ammofoska isiza ukunciphisa izinga le-nitrate ezithelo.

Uyazi? Edolobheni laseNezhin, elisendaweni yaseChrisnihiv e-Ukraine futhi idume ngamakhukhamba alo adumile, okuye kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo ku-greengrass.
Uma kwenzeka izithelo zikhula buthakathaka, zibukeka kahle, kubalulekile ukuzondla ngokungeziwe:
  • i-ammonium nitrate - 20 g;
  • superphosphate - 25 g;
  • i-potassium nitrate - 10 g;
  • amanzi - 10 l.

Yondla isitshalo ngasinye 0.25 l somanyolo ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Ukuze uthole isicelo se-foliar ungasebenzisa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

  • amanzi afudumele - 10 l;
  • superphosphate - 35 g

Sebenzisa umkhiqizo otholiwe ukuze uphefa izitshalo ekuseni noma kusihlwa ukuze ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga emaqabunga. Ukuze uphefe ukhukhamba, ithuluzi elilandelayo nalo lifanelekile:

  • i-boric acid - 5 g;
  • i-potassium permanganate - 0.5-1 g;
  • amanzi - 10 l.

Phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting, ukondla ukhukhamba ukwandisa inani lama-ovari, kuthuthukise ukuzala kanye nezimfanelo zokunambitheka zemifino. Ukhukhamba ngokuvamile udinga ama-microelements, ikakhulukazi i-potassium, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa ukufaka umquba ngamaminerali e-organic and amaminerali. Enye ithuluzi elihle ngesikhathi se-fruiting:

  • i-potassium nitrate - 25 g;
  • amanzi - 10 l.

Lesi sitshalo somanyolo sanele cishe izitshalo ezingaba ngu-35-40. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke se-fruiting, isisombululo se-urea sisetshenziselwa ukupuniza. Ngemuva kokuba umanyolo usetshenziswe okwesithathu, udinga ukuwondla ngezikhathi zamasonto angu-2-3.

Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo zamaminerali omanyolo.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukondla:

  • imvubelo.Lokhu kudla kusiza ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande, kwandisa isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, kwandise ukuphikisana kwazo nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Hlanganisa iphakethe lemvubelo eluhlaza ngamalitha amabili amanzi afudumele, engeza ama-5 tbsp lapho. wezipuni ushukela, uhlanganise kahle futhi ufake endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva kwelanga elingu-1, uthele i-wort elivundiwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi.
Yondla isitshalo ngalomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa - 1 litre ngesitshalo ngasinye. Kudingeka ukuthululela izindlela ngaphansi kwempande. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ngokuhlanganiswa namaminerali amaminerali okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngenyanga;

  • ukhuni lomlotha. Ngo 10 amalitha amanzi afudumele ukuchitha 0.2-0.25 kg umlotha. Ukusetshenziswa - 1 litre ngesitshalo ngasinye. I-Ash nayo ifafazwe nxazonke ezihlahleni zokuvimbela izifo.
Kubalulekile! Inani le-caloric yekhilimu elilodwa lamakhukhamba liyi-150 kcal. Lesi sithelo singabhekwa njengokudla.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Ukhukhamba, njengeminye imifino, ingaphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Phakathi kwezifo zezici kukhona okulandelayo:

  • i-downy isikhutha (i-peronosporosis). Isifo samakhomikhali samakhukhamba, lapho amabala aphuzi avela kumaqabunga aphethwe yizifo, ama-grey fungal spores avela ngemuva kwamabala. Lesi sifo siba ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu (ubhubhe, amazolo) nokushisa kwomoya + 17 ... +23 ° С. Ukugxila kwalesi sifo kungase kube nokutshala izidumbu.
Ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo, udinga ukushintsha izinhlobo ezahlukene zemifino, ubhubhise ngokuphelele izinhlawulo zezitshalo. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo zokushisa, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe yi-+25 ° С nangaphezulu, isilinganiso somswakama womoya singu-85%. Kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa "Inzuzo Yegolide". Uma nje izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivela, izitshalo kufanele zifakwe ngezinye izinto eziqukethe ithusi (Bordeaux liquid, "Abigak Peak", "Oksikhom", "Khom", "Ordan", njll). Uma lesi sifo sibonakala futhi ngesikhathi se-fruiting, sebenzisa i-Fitosporin-M ne-Alirin-B. Kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-powdery isikhutha kufanele kushintshwe.

  • i-powdery isikhutha. Isifo se-fungal, izici ezibonakalayo ezimhlophe, ezifana nowashiya ufulawa, ohlangothini olungaphambili lweshidi. Lena yi-mycelium ye-agent ye-causative yesifo. Kancane kancane leli sitini lihlanganisa ishidi lonke.
Ngenxa yalesi sifo iwela ngomkhiqizo we-1/3 emibhedeni evulekile kanye no-2/3 ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa "I-Topaz", ngokusetshenziswa kwefrimu ye-colloidal sulfur, "Tiovit Jet", "Fitosporin-M" noma "Alirin-B". Faka lezi zidakamizwa ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, futhi emva kwalokho - isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini angu-1-1,5;
Uyazi? NgoJulayi 27 yiSuku LamaKhakama Lomhlaba Wonke. E-Suzdal, esifundeni saseVladimir, ngalolu suku okokuqala kugujwa umkhosi weCucumber.
  • i-cladozoriosis (i-olive brown spot). Isifo se-fungal, ngokuvamile esithinta isithelo, okungenani - amahlamvu kanye neziqu zezitshalo. Esikhathini sokuqala, kuvela amahlumela amancane, akhula, afinyelele ku-0.5 cm ububanzi. Ukuqhekeka kwezinhlobo, ukuphuma kwe-jelly-ifomu emzimbeni we-fetus. Uma umswakama uphakeme, amabala ahlanganiswa nokuqhakaza okumnyama. / li]
Amahlamvu abathintekile yilesi sifo, ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting ihlanganiswe nezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. I-plaque emaqabungqeni kunokumnyama, imibala ekhanyayo ayifani. Izingcezu eziphelele ziphuma emaqabunga amadala, isiqu sigcwele izilonda ezimile. Lesi sifo siqala ebangeni lokushisa kusuka ku +5 kuya ku-30 ​​° C, umswakama wesihlobo kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-100%. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezihle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo - ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ebusuku kuya ku-+17 ° C nomswakama we-90% noma ngaphezulu;

  • impande yokubola. Kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kodwa futhi kwenzeka emasimini avulekile. Amaqabunga aphansi aqala ukuphuzi, khona-ke lonke ukuqhuma kuyaphela.
Lesi sifo singakhula ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi emhlabeni noma ukukhulelwa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi ngamaminerali omquba. Futhi inkinga engozini ingase ithele izitshalo ngamanzi abandayo. Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwesimo sezulu esinamafu ngelanga elikhanyayo nakho kungabangela isifo. Isigaba esilandelayo sesi sifo ukubhujiswa kohlelo lwempande, izitshalo ezigulayo zingasuswa kalula emhlabathini;

  • i-gray rot (i-botrytis). Lesi sifo sitholakala ikakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kodwa futhi kwenzeka ezinsimini zemifino. Izithelo zezitshalo ziyathinteka. Ukuze isondlo sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukugcina ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo, ugcine izinga lokushisa lika -19 ° C nangaphezulu cishe emaphesenti angama-90% omswakama.

Iminye imithetho okufanele ilandelwe ukuvikela izifo kanye nama-parasites:

  1. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza okuningi nge-nitrogen ngamanyolo ukuze amaqabunga neziqu kungabi buthaka futhi buthakathaka.
  2. Awukwazi ukutshala ukhukhamba kaningi: kuvimbela ukutholakala komoya. Umoya omningi okhulayo kanye nokuqhuma kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
  3. Kubalulekile ukugwema imfundo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ayikho imidwebo ebusika. Lapho ehambisa amafasitela avulekile avela eceleni lapho kungekho moya khona.
  4. Zama ukungalimazi izitshalo nezithelo.Ukulimala kwezitshalo kuyithuba lamabhaktheriya abangela izifo.
  5. Izithelo ezigulayo namaqabunga asuse ngokushesha futhi abhubhise, ngeke bakwazi ukushiya esihlakalweni.
Kubalulekile! I-shoot entsha entsha engu-40 cm, ebonakala ngesikhumba sekhukhamba, ithatha 1.5 kg yezithelo.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nezinambuzane ezingasongela ukhukhamba:

  • i-aphid - Mhlawumbe i-parasite evame kakhulu kumakhukhamba. Kubonakala ezitshalweni ezineziqabunga ezingu-3-4. Amaqabunga abathintekile aqhubekile, ukukhula kwama-stop stops, lesi sitshalo sifa maduzane. Ama-aphid akhipha i-plaque enamathele, okuyindawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwezifo ze-fungal.
Ukubhujiswa kwama-aphid wasebenzisa imithi enjalo: "Iskra-M", "Iskra Gold", "Iskra effect emibili", "Confidor" noma "Commander". Uma kunesidingo sokwelashwa kabusha, amalungiselelo kufanele ahanjiswe ukuze i-parasite ingabi nokuphikisa. Uma kutholakala izidakamizwa ezibhekene nezinambuzane, kuphela imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ezingasetshenziswa, ezinesikhathi sokulinda kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2 ("Iskra Bio", "Akarin", "Fitoverm", "Agravertin");

  • isicabucabu Isivakashi esivamile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, umoya ovezwe ukoma owomile. Ama-speck aphuzi abonakalayo ngemuva kweqabunga. Ngesibonakaliso sokuqala, ukupompa nge-sulfur colloidal noma iTiovit Jet isetshenziswa.
Ngemuva kwesonto, yenza isipiliyoni sesibili. Uma usebenzisa amalungiselelo aqukethe isulfure, ukuphuza isitshalo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kwezimpande ukuze ugweme ukuhlanza izimali. Emhlabathini ovulekile, umkhiqizo uvela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo ekhanda lokushisa emoyeni lika -31 ° C nangaphezulu kanye nomswakama olinganiselwa ku-40%. I-Bitoxibacillin ne-biologics ngokumelene nama-aphid asetshenziselwa ukubulala imikhaza;

  • abavukuzi - izidumbu ezivela kwamakhukhamba ngesikhatsi fruiting. Izinsiza ze-Aphid zifanele ukulawula izinambuzane.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Amakhukhamba okuvuna "I-Berendey" iyadingeka uma izithelo zifinyelela ubukhulu obudingekayo ngenjongo yabo ehlosiwe: imifino efinyelele ku-7-8 cm ubude iyoba ne-salting nokulondeka, ama-10-12 cm nokuningi isaladi. Uma isitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo, isivuno kufanele sivunwe ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi olunye usuku, uma kungenjalo ukukhuphuka kwephuzi kuzokuvimbela ukukhula kwezithelo ezincane. Kungcono ukuvuna kabili ngosuku - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukukhipha zonke izithelo ezikhubazekile nezigulayo, ngeziphambeko ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle.

Uyazi? Umkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke wamakhukhamba emhlabeni yiChina. I-China idla ukhukhamba izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-30 kunoRussia, okuyi-second, futhi cishe izikhathi ezingu-6 zomkhiqizo ophelele wabakhiqizi abayisishiyagalolunye emhlabeni jikelele kule mifino elandelayo.
Imvamisa yokuvunwa ithinta ubukhulu bezithelo. Imifino evuna ukuvuna kaningi, izithelo ezengeziwe zivela, ezifanele ukulondolozwa. Imvamisa encane yokuvuna iholela ekwakheni izithelo ezinkulu, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwifomu eluhlaza nakwezaladi. Ukuvuna isitshalo esisele kumele kube kuphela ekuqaleni kweqhwa. Uma ukhukhamba izithela izithelo ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, zonke izithelo ezisele kufanele zisuswe esibuyeni. Ukuhlola nokuhlunga kungenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kuyothakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zekhukhamba ezithela kakhulu, indlela yokuthola isitshalo esihle samakhukhamba nendlela yokugcina ukhukhamba fresh.

Imithetho embalwa elula nezincomo okufanele uhlale uzikhumbula lapho kuvuna:

  1. Lapho kuvuna, isiqu kufanele sishiywe esitsheni sesitshalo.
  2. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ummese wokuvuna.
  3. Ungadonsi, uphumule noma unqamule isitshalo, ugcwele ukwehliswa kwesitshalo.
  4. Ungagumbuki isibhamu lapho uvunwa.
  5. Iqoqo kufanele lenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
  6. Ukuvunwa kufanele kususwe endaweni epholile noma e-shady.

Imifino eyintandokazi yabo bonke inomphumela owodwa oyinhloko - impilo yeshalofu yamakhukhamba incane kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kukhona ubukhulu bezinto zokupheka ezihlukahlukene zokukhethwa kanye nokulondoloza ukhukhamba. Nweba ukubonakala kwe-Zelentsov ngezindlela eziningana:

  1. Phakamisa izithelo ngezikhwama zeplastiki bese ubeka esiqandisini.
  2. Sika imifino kanye nesitshalo, faka isithelo ngokuqondile, uhlele emgodini ngamanzi amancane (okungaphezu kwe-1/4 yemifino kufanele ibe emanzini). Kudingeka ukuguqula amanzi nsuku zonke.
  3. Amakhukhamba athathwa kahle ahlanziwe, asula omile futhi agwetshiwe ngeqanda elimhlophe. Lindela ukuthi amaprotheni ayomile. Ngalendlela, imifino ivame ukugcinwa isikhathi esithile, ngisho nasemakhazeni.
  4. Kukhona indlela endala yama-rustic yokugcina ukhukhamba. Umgqomo ophethe ukhukhamba nomthwalo owengeziwe wehla emfuleni ojulile ngokwanele. Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kunamandla futhi umfudlana ungagodli ngokuphelele, imifino entsha izoba etafuleni lakho nangokufika konyaka omusha.

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Ukuze ukukhushulwa kwamakhukhamba okuthi "Berendey" imbewu engenambewu kudinga okungaphezu kokuthi izithombo ezikhulayo. Izitshalo zokuhluma ezikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile kusuka enzalweni, qala emva kwesikhathi. Ngokuvame ukuletha isivuno esincane kunazo izitshalo ezikhulile kusuka izithombo. Kodwa ukhukhamba ezinjalo zinomkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu, azikho ngaphansi kwezifo futhi ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo zithela izithelo isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.

Kubalulekile! Spider mite isaba iphunga lesithombo. Uma uhlwanyela ikhukhamba ama-aisles, kuzosabisa inkathazo.
Amasiko ancike kakhulu ekushiseni okukhanyayo nomoya. Izinguquko kulezi zikhombisi zingathinta ngokushesha izinqubo zemithi esitshalweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ziholela ekuphazamiseni ukugeleza kwe-photosynthesis.

Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-photosynthesis, nakho kwalokho, kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuguqulwa kwesigqabha ngesitshalo namaqabunga esitshalo, ukuphuza kwawo.

  1. Ukuphuza noma ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga ngesitshalo kungabangelwa ukuchelela okungalungile. Uma kungenakwanele ukuchelela, amaqabunga asomile futhi aphuzi azungeze umjikelezo; kwakha izindawo ezinomthunzi obomvu. Ukuphuza okwanele kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
  2. Ngokuqukethwe komswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi, umoya okudingekayo ukuze izitshalo ze-oxydation-ukunciphisa-ukusabela ziphume. Ukwamukelwa nokucubungulwa kwe-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen kuyahliswa ngokujulile, okungabangela nokuthi iqhwa liphuzile futhi lichithe.
  3. Esinye isizathu samahlamvu aphuzi ukungabi namaminerali nezakhi emhlabathini. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi ubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium ne-nitrogen.
  4. Isizathu samabala aphuzi singabhubhisa ilanga, ungakhohlwa ukuthi amaqabunga ekhukhamba athambile kakhulu.
  5. I-Yellowness isibonakaliso sezifo ezithile, isibonelo, i-fusarium.
  6. I-Yellowness ingabangelwa ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezingalungile, izifo ze-fungal, nokukhulelwa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi.

Thola ukuthi kungani amaqabunga amakhukhamba ephuzi, nokuthi ngabe udinga ukukhipha amaqabunga namashukela amakhukhamba.

Isizathu sokuchitha ama-ovari esitshalweni singaba:

  • ukushisa kwezinga eliphezulu noma eliphansi;
  • ukungasebenzi okuncane;
  • umbuso ongafanelanga umswakama (ukungabi naphezu, ukungabi nomswakama, ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo);
  • ukuntuleka kwezinyosi ngenxa yokushisa kwezulu.

Ungakhohlwa, ukhukhamba zizwela kakhulu ekushiseni. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi lihlehlela cishe ku-14 ° C, i-ovaries ikhukhamba izoqala ukuqubuka. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Berendey zinemfanelo yokunambitheka ephawulekayo, efanelekayo kuma-saladi, kanye nokukhipha kanye nokwasawoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni. Zama ukukukhula esakhiweni sakho futhi, mhlawumbe, maduzane uzoba umsekeli walezi zihlukahlukene noma ngisho nochwepheshe ekuzaleni kwayo.

Izihloko Interesting