Ezweni lanamuhla, sibhekene neqiniso lokuthi imikhiqizo emakethe nasemasitolo ayihlangabezane nezidingo esizibeka kuzo: ikhwalithi, ukunambitheka, ukugcwalisa izakhi kanye namavithamini. Ngenxa yale nqubomgomo yabakhiqizi bokudla kwezimboni, abaningi abanamakhaya ehlobo noma ama-cottages ezindaweni zasemaphandleni bacabanga ngokuhlela ipulazi labo ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Futhi, lesi sihloko sizosiza abalimi abancane abahlela ibhizinisi kule ndawo. Sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezimnyama, izici zalo ezihlukile, ukukhiqizwa, ukukhiqizwa kweqanda, izimo ezidingekayo ekugcinweni kwayo, futhi, zilinganisa zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zokunquma ukuthi kuyinzuzo yini ukuqukatha nokuzala lolu hlobo lwenkukhu. Futhi manje mayelana nakho konke okuhlelekile.
Emvelaphi yohlobo
Izwe lakubo lohlobo olumnyama lwama-black hens lubhekwa Isifunda se-Volga. Yilapho, phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezivela kule ndawo emaphethelweni e-Volga, ukuthi kuvela inkukhu enjalo enentshisekelo futhi engavamile kakhulu yenkukhu. I-Pantsirevskaya inkukhu inikwe izici ezinhle phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu. Izinkomba zalo zokukhiqiza amaqanda nokuziqhenya kwenyama zizokhonywa yinoma yimuphi ummeleli walesi sigaba sezilwane. Imiphumela enjalo yatholwa isikhathi eside, futhi umlando we-nkhuku omnyama wasePantsirevskaya uvela kude nango-1947.
Uyazi? Kwaphela iminyaka engu-15, abalimi be-Volga badala i-hen ephelele, bexuba ngezigaba amalungu ahlukene omkhaya wezinkukhu, ehlanganisa izici zazo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, enhliziyweni ye-black Pantsirevskaya izinhlobo zezinkukhu kukhona abamele lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-leggorn, i-Hampshire entsha, i-Rhode Island, i-Black Australorp, i-White Plymouth, nabanye abaningi. Umphumela walokho msebenzi owenza ubuhlungu futhi omude ebusweni.
Namuhla, uhlobo lwe-Pantsirevskaya luyasakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke izwe lakwa-Volga kuphela, kodwa lonke elaseRussia, iBelarus ne-Ukraine. Uthole amamaki aphezulu ezinkundleni eziningi, kanye niche ehlala kuyo emkhakheni wezwe kanye nezolimo, okwenza izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nokuziqhenya kwenyama, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. 
Incazelo kanye nezici
Vumelanisa, le nkosikazi ingabonwa kalula yizici zayo zangaphandle nokuziqhenya. Yingakho kuyoba lula kakhulu ukubona i-carapace yezinkukhu ezimnyama.
Ukubukeka nomzimba
I-Pantsirevskaya izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezimnyama kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa nabanye ngabombala obumnyama wempuphu yabo. Ekubukeni, ubukeka kahle futhi ehlanzekile. Isigqoko sakhe, i-paws kanye nekhanda labonakala lilingana kakhulu, kanti umsila wakhe omude ugcwele imicu, impaphe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala omnyama ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Njengomthetho, ubhontshisi bakhe bubumnyama, futhi amehlo akhe awafani kakhulu nabanye abamele inkukhu. Banoba nombala omnqumo ophuzi omnqumo, obunomumo nabafundi abambalwa abamnyama.
Funda futhi ngohlobo lwezinkukhu, umdwebo omnyama we-bearded noMolova omnyama.
Izinkukhu zasePantsirevskie nazo ziyahlukahluka ngendlela ephelele ye-skull, ebeka umqhele omkhulu, ikakhulukazi obomvu ogcwele. Amaphiko abo ahlala isikhathi eside futhi aqinile, okuvumela ukuba bahambe ngezinyawo ezimfushane noma bawele ezinye izithiyo, njengocingo noma ucingo. 
Uma sikhuluma ngama-roosters, kubonakala sengathi bangama-sultans wangempela emazingeni abo. Inhloko yabo enkulu igqoke umhlobiso obomvu obunobomvu obunobomvu. Ngaphandle kombala wasebukhosini, ibuye idonswe kahle kusuka kumazinyo amane noma amahlanu ahambisanayo. Umbala wabo unomnyama ojulile, ngezinye izikhathi uhambisana nempapa emihle e-iridescent yombala omnyama obomvu.
Umsila wezilwane zasePantsirevskaya ufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile: isithungu eside, esithakazelisayo, esithakazelisayo sezimpaphe ezigobile zemilo evamile, egijima ngamandla kakhulu emoyeni, njengendwangu yobukhosi. I-rooster enjengomhlobiso wangempela wegceke lezinyoni.
Izinyoni zenyama nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda zihlanganisa izinkukhu zaseMaran, i-Amrox, i-Velzumer, i-Pushkin, i-Kuban Red, i-Russian Crested, i-Redbro, i-Broken Brown, i-Gray, i-Hubbard, i-Highsex, i-Foxy Chick.
Isimiso
Le nyoni ihlakaniphile futhi ithule. Uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha zokuphila ngaphandle kokucindezeleka. Izinkukhu zasePantsirevskie nazo ziphikisana kakhulu nokushisa kwamazinga okushisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Bangazizwa behle kakhulu ngisho nakwe-frosts okulinganiselwe (kufika ku -5-7 ° С), futhi ekushiseni okuphezulu (kuze kube ku-40 ° С elangeni). Kungashiwo ukuthi lezi zinkukhu ziziphatha njengezombusazwe zithembele: ngokuhlakanipha, ngokuthobeka futhi ngaphandle kokunyuka okungokomzwelo. Lowo omelela umbuso wenkukhu uyoba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu kubafama noma balimi.
Izinkomba Zokusebenza
Kodwa hhayi kuphela ubuhle bemifula kanye nokulingana komzimba kunesithakazelo kulokhu kuzalwa kwezinkukhu. Ikhono lokuthola isisindo esisheshayo kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza amaqanda aphakamisa izinkukhu zasePantirevsky eziphakemeyo zobuholi phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zasekhaya.
Phila inkukhu yesisindo kanye ne-rooster
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinkukhu zalesi sizukulwane zingabakho izigaba zesisindo esiphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi abameleli babo bangamangaza abanikazi abanezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isisindo esilinganisweni senkukhu yasePantsirevsky emnyama yi-2.2-2.5 kg. Ngezinye izikhathi insikazi ingadlula lelizinga nge-kilogram yonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-roosters, okwesisindo sakhe esingejwayelekile singadluli ku-3.0-3.3 kg, singamangaza futhi sijabulise abanikazi, sebefinyelele uphawu lwamakhilogremu amane wesisindo esibukhoma. Ukuphutha okunjalo kwenzeka ngevama ye-1/20.
Funda ukubulala nokuxosha inkukhu ekhaya, kanye nokuthi yini ewusizo nokuthi amaqanda ezinkukhu asetshenziswa kanjani.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda namaqanda amaqanda
Akukhona nje ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco kuheha abalimi nabalimi balolu hlobo. Izibalo zabo zokukhiqiza amaqanda zingaqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokukhiqiza izinkukhu eziphezulu, kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasendle. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokukhiqiza amaqanda elijwayelekile isikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwenkukhu yenkukhu Amaqanda angu-220. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngonyaka ozayo, inkukhu iyakwazi ukuthwala amaqanda angama-300 ngonyaka. 
Izimo ezidingekayo zokuqukethwe
Yiqiniso, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuze kutholakale amazinga aphakeme kakhulu okusisindo nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izinkukhu nazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuphila kwazo okugcwele nokunethezeka. Bathi, njengoba bekusho, akufanele badinge lutho, ngakho-ke ulwazi olulandelayo luzobaluleka ikakhulukazi futhi luwusizo kulabo abanquma ukuzala lolu hen.
Izidingo zegumbi
Ngenxa yokuthi izinkukhu zasePantsirevskie zihlonishwa phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, izimo zabo zokuboshwa kumele zibe yinkosikazi. Kodwa, kufanele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi inyama nezinkukhu zezinkukhu, ezichazwe ngokuqondile futhi ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, zingaphansi kwe-whimsical futhi ezikhethisayo kunokudla inyama kanye neqanda ngokwehlukana.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwekhaya kwezinkukhu: indlela ongakhetha ngayo inkukhu eyenziwe ngomumo, yakha futhi uzihlomise ngokwakho (yenza ukuqhuma, izidleke, abapheki nabaphuzayo).
Naphezu kokuthanda inkululeko, lezi zinyoni zizinikezela ekhaya kanye nomnikazi wazo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukwesaba ukuthi zizohlasela engadini yakho, zibalekele egcekeni lezinkukhu. Izicingo eziphakeme zokufaka indawo yokuhlala nazo nazo akudingekile. Laba bantu abahloniphekile abajwayele ukuphoqeka nokubonakaliswa kokuzulazula kokuzulazula noma umcabango wendiza. Inkukhu enjalo ingakwazi ukuhamba ngokuhamba kancane ngamashumi ambalwa amamitha azungeze egcekeni lezinkukhu bese ubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokuhamba. 
Ikhukhu yenkukhu ngokwayo kufanele ibe nevulekile ngokwanele ukuze izinkukhu zingabi nesikhala (khumbula uthando lwabo lwenkululeko). Usayizi olinganiselwe - kuzo zonke izinyoni ezingu-5-7 1 imitha yesikwele. Ngenani lezinyoni ezilinganiselwa ku-50, inkukhu yakho yenkukhu kufanele ibe ngamamitha ayi-square ayi-square.
Kungcono ukwenza isiteji esinezikhala eziningi ukuze singathinti umhlabathi ngokuqondile, kodwa sinqunywe kuso. Phakathi kwephansi kanye nomhlabathi kungcono ukubeka izingxenye ze-hydro nokushisa okushisa. Kuhle kakhulu uma phansi kokubili nesakhiwo ngokwayo zakhiwa ngezinto eziphilayo: ubumba, izinkuni, igobolondo rock, njll. Kanti futhi ngesikhathi sasebusika phansi kungafafazwa ngotshani wokungenisa ukushisa okungcono.
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu endlini ye hen kunehluka kusuka ku-7 ° C ebusika kuya ku-20 ° C ehlobo. Ngesikhathi ama-frosts enzima, inkukhu enjalo iyakwazi ukumelana nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa enkukhu yenkukhu kuya ku-0 ° C, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uzizwa ukhululekile.
Kubalulekile! Ungavumeli ushintsho ngokuzumayo ekushiseni, ikakhulu ebusika. Gcina iphrofayili yokushisa njalo yokuphepha kwezinkukhu ezinempilo. Uma lesi sici singacatshangelwa, izinkukhu zakho zingabamba amakhaza futhi zife.
Ama-roost kufanele futhi ahlanganiswe utshani ukuze izinyoni zizwe zikhululekile, zifudumale futhi zithobe. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukufaka utshani endaweni yonke yezinkukhu kanye nezinsuku ezimbalwa bese uhlanza imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi. Ama-aristocrats adingeka ukuba agcinwe ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimpilo zezilwane futhi kube lula ukugcinwa kwezakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ukuvuthwa - i-sawdust ephathwe ngama-bacterium abamba iqhaza ekwenzeni imfucuza.
Yard yokuhamba
Inkundla yenkukhu kumele ibe yinto enkulu kakhulu ngocingo lwensimbi. Izinyoni kufanele zikhululeke ukuhamba kuyo. Kumele futhi uhlomise izindawo lapho izilwane zingafihla khona ilanga elivuthayo ehlobo (ukuhlomisa izindawo zokukhosela), kanye nemimoya eqinile ebusika (izindawo ezifihliwe, ezivikelwe ezinhlangothini ezintathu kwezinhlangothi ezine). Kubuye kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izindawo zokukhosela emvula nasichotho ukuze izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zingathinteki ngesikhathi sekwindla kanye nokubonakala kwentwasahlobo yemvelo.
I-Pantsirevskaya inkukhu ayiyona ingxabano, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ngokugcwele nezinye izakhamuzi zenkundla yenkukhu. Ungakhathazeki mayelana nokubonakaliswa kokuhlukunyezwa kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo kuya ePantsirevskimi aristocrats. Lezi zinsuku zizobonisa ngobuhlakani wonke umuntu ukuthi ziphethe lapha, futhi emva kwalokhu iqiniso lamukelwe ngabanye bendlu, konke kuzobe kuthulile. 
Yini okufanele izinakekele ebusika
Ebusika, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi lapho izinkukhu zigcinwa lifudumele futhi limile. Ukuphindwa njalo kwendwangu, umnyango ofudumalayo endlini ye hen, isitezi esiphakeme ngokushisa nokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi kuyoba usizo olukhulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwalento ekunakekeleni inkukhu emnyama. Okunye okukhethwa kukho ukulala okulomile kungaba ama-sawdust, amaqabunga owomile noma ama-hay avuna kusukela ehlobo.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sasebusika, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izidingo zezilwane ukukhanya, ngoba ukukhanya kwemini ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emaphandleni asenyakatho, akwanele ukuba khona okuphelele. Ngakho-ke, uhlomise izinkukhu zezinkukhu ezinokukhanya okukhanyayo okuzokhiqiza ukukhanya okufakwe kancane (i-bulb ye-13-watt LED isibani elilodwa elilodwa elilodwa elizokwenzela ekamelweni lamamitha ayi-square). Amahora asemini asemini avela emahoreni angu-10 kuya kwangu-14.
Ukudla ukudla
Kokubili izinkukhu ezincane nezindala kumele zondliwe ngokudla okunomsoco okhethekile, okucabangela zonke izidingo zalezi zinyoni ukuze zithole amavithamini nezinsimbi zamaminerali. Ukudla okunjalo kuzonciphisa izingozi zokuthola ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ezibalulekile ekudleni inkukhu, okuzoyigcina iphilile futhi iphumelele.
Intsha
Ezilwaneni ezincane, umuntu kufanele akhethe ukudla okucebile nge-biocomponents enethonya elizuzayo ekukhuleni nasekuqiniseni izicubu ze-muscle kanye namathambo. Bayophinde badinga imithombo eyengeziwe ye-calcium ukuze amathambo aqine futhi angakwazi ukumelana nesisindo nesidingo sokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda avamile. Ngoba akuyona into engafanele ukungena ekudleni kwezinkukhu ezincane zenkukhu kanye ne-cottage shizi. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaxhuma ekudleni kwawo ama-vitamin complexes ahlukahlukene abengezwa kwabaphuza izinkukhu.
Uyazi? I-Pantsirevskaya inkukhu emnyama inezinga lokuphila okuphakathi kwezinkukhu: ezinkukhu ezincane, lesi sibalo singu-97%, futhi kubantu abadala abadala kancane kancane kuya kwehla kuma-95%. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi lolu hlobo alukwazi ukubhekana nezifo nokugula, ngakho-ke imfuyo yabo iyoba namandla futhi inempilo.
Izinkukhu ezindala
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukugcina amazinga okukhiqiza inkukhu usebenzisa indlela yokudla yevubelo. Benza ngale ndlela: bathatha imvubelo ngo-30 g ngalunye ngo-1 kg wefulawa lokudla. Imvubelo kufanele ibe yintsha futhi ihlanjululwe ngama-1.5 amalitha amanzi afudumele. Izithako zakhuthaza futhi zishiya amahora angu-6-9 endaweni efudumele. Konke Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, isithasiselo sesilungile, futhi singaxubene nokudla okuyinhloko.
Bobabili ebusika nasehlobo, izinkukhu zidla izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngosuku, zilondoloze isikhathi esilinganayo. Iqiniso, kukhona ukubusa kokudla kokuqala nokugcina: okokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kanti okugcina - kungase kwenzeke ngangokunokwenzeka. 
Kulo lonke usuku, izinkukhu zidla izixube ezihlukene (zidinga ukupheka ukuze zimanzi, kodwa zingenamathele nhlobo), kanti okusanhlamvu konke kutholakala ebusuku - ukudla okunomsoco kuzothinta kakhulu ubungakanani kanye nekhwalithi lamaqanda akhiqizwayo.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde mayelana nokulungiswa kokudla kokubeka izinkukhu, izinga lokudla kwelanga namavithamini wezingqimba.
Izinzuzo nokuqeda
Ukuze ekugcineni siqiniseke ukuthi kuwufanele yini ukubandakanya ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwe-black carapace wezinkukhu, ake sicabangele uhlu izinzuzo lolu hlobo:
- ukukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu nesisindo;
- uhlobo oluzolile, yiziphi izinyoni ezihambisana kahle nezinye izakhamuzi zasendlini;
- ukuzinikezela kumuntu nendlu yakhe;
- naphezu kokuthanda inkululeko, inyoni enjalo ngeke ihambe kude nekhaya;
- asikho isifiso sokuhlasela insimu;
- azikho amacala okuhlaselwa kwabantu;
- ukuhlakanipha nokulutha okusheshayo kwezimo zendawo;
- izimo ezingenakuzithoba zokuboshwa;
- ukujwayela okusheshayo ekudleni, ekuhambeni nasekulala;
- ukukhuthazela okukhulu;
- ukuzala okulula nokuzala, ngoba izinga lokusinda phakathi kwezinkukhu liyi-97%, futhi uma ukuzalanisa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezinkukhu, hhayi ku-incubator, lesi sibalo sifinyelela ku-99%;
- Amatshwele aqotho kakhulu futhi angabamba amaqanda kuphela, kodwa futhi angabazi.
Kuzo ukwehluleka Kungenzeka ukukhomba amaphiko aphakanyisiwe kakhulu azisiza izinyoni ukuba zinqobe kalula ngisho nezicingo ezintathu-mitha. Kodwa ukhathazeka ngokuthi iqiniso lokuthi inkukhu lizohamba kude akufanelekile, ngoba lizinikele kumnikazi wayo kanye nasegcekeni lezinkukhu.
Ividiyo: omnyama iPantsirevskaya uhlobo, umbukiso we-Golden Autumn
Phakathi kwezilwane ezinamathele abantu yizinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobo eziningi ze-subspecies. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwentuthuko yesayensi nezokwelapha, kwaba khona ukukhetha ngokukhetha izinhlobo ezintsha ezithandwa ngokwezakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kohlobo lwamazwe. Omunye wempumelelo enhle kakhulu ekuzaleni nasezizalweni zezinhlobo yi-hen ye-Pantsirevsky uhlobo, inamba yezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukuzikhumbuza. Uma uhlela ukuqala ibhizinisi elisha elihlobene nezinkukhu ezizalisayo, khona-ke uhlobo olungcono ongalutholi. Ukungathobeki kwabo, izinkomba zokukhiqizwa kweqanda kanye nesivinini sokuthola inyama enkulu kwenza izinhlanzi zikhuphuke kakhulu phakathi kwamalungu omndeni wezinkukhu.
