Wonke amakhowe ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ezine: ezidliwayo, ezidliwayo ngokwemvelo, ezingenakulungiswa futhi ezinobuthi. Amabili okuqala ahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi ukudla okwenziwe ngokomzimba akunakudliwa kabusha, kodwa ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa. Babenomunyu noma ubukhali ekunambithekeni noma okungajabulisayo ekuhambeni. Futhi emva kokucubungula zonke lezi zimfanelo zinyamalale. Kuqondene nezibonelo ezithandwayo kakhulu ezivela kulesi sigaba ezizoxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni sethu.
I-Boletus Wolf
I-Boletus lupus (i-Latin Boletus lupinus) nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-satanic yamanga. Kuyi-mushroom ephakathi nendawo enekhanda, elinebude ebangeni kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-10 cm. Kwezinye izibonelo zikhula kuze kufike ku-20 cm. Lapho zisencane, zinomumo wesigidi, uma udala uguqula i-convex noma i-convex-ehlangene, ngezinye izikhathi ngezingqimba ezibukhali . 
Ubuso bekhanda lungabhalwa ngemibala ehlukene, ngokuvamile kaningi ngezingqimba ezibomvu noma ezibomvu. Ekupheleni kokuphila kuba mnyama.
Inyama ye-mushroom yama-wolfish inkulu. Udwezwe ngombala ophuzi. Uma ucindezelekile okwesibhakabhaka. Yiphunga futhi iphunga cishe engabonakali.
Umlenze ukhula ufike ku-4-8 cm ubude futhi u-2-6 cm ububanzi. Unomumo we-cylinder encane encane. Iphuzi eliphuzi elinamabala abomvu. Isizinda siphezulu futhi. Njengoba i-pulp, uma icindezelwe, iphenduka i-blue. Ngaphansi kwekhanda kukhona amashubhu aphuzi. 
Le amakhowe adliwa ngokwemvelo ngumhlali wehlathi ophethe ama-oki akwa-Israyeli namazwe aseMedithera. Ukuvuthwa kwalo ku-November - Januwari. I-mushroom ikhetha ukukhula ngamaqembu.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme imiphumela engathandeki emkhakheni wezinsi, isilwane se-boletus, njengamakhowe akhona ajwayelekile, kufanele abiliswe ngamaminithi angu-10-15 ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Umhluzi wokupheka awufanelekile, kufanele ulahlwe.
I-Value
I-Valui (lat. Rússula foétens) ibhekwa njengeyi-genus Russula. Kubantu kuthiwa yiqoqo lamagama: inkunzi yenkomo, i-whitefish, i-cam, i-podtopolnik, inkabi nezinye. I-mushroom ephakathi nendawo enekhanda lesayizi eliphakathi, elifinyelela esilinganisweni esingaba ngu-15 cm ububanzi. Ubuso balo bunemibala ephuzi. Unomumo webhola. Ekuvuthweni, lishintsha ukuze lube lugcwele. Isikhumba singasuswa kalula. Ubuso bayo bumbozwe nge-mucus. 
Inyama iyahlupha kalula. Umdwebo omhlophe. Lapho umuntu esemdala, kuba mnyama. Kubonakala ngunambitha ovuthayo kanye nephunga elinomsoco elibukhali.
Umlenze unesimo somgqomo noma isilinda ngesilinganiso sobude buka-6 kuya ku-12 cm no-3 cm ubukhulu. Umbala ubumhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi ube mnyama.
I-Value - agaric. Amacwecwe amhlophe noma angcolile, akhula kancane. 
Lo mmele umbuso wama-mushroom uhlala emahlathini anezihlahla ze-coniferous neziqhumayo ensimini ye-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika. Kungakhula kokubili ngabanye nangamaqembu. Isikhathi se-fruiting sise-Julayi-Okthoba.
Ama-specimens amancane kuphela adliwa ukudla. Zifanele ukukhethisa kanye nokusawosa nge-pre-soaking noma ukupheka ukuze ususe ukunambitheka okubabayo.
I-oyster ye-Autumn
I-Panéllus serótinus yigama lesiLatini le-huster oyster kusukela kuhlobo lwe-panelus. Liyi-mushroom eliyisigqila elinomzimba omncane wesithelo esimweni se-blade. Usayizi womzimba - 2-7 cm ubude no-3-11 cm ububanzi. Ubuso bayo bubushelelezi, buhlanganiswe ne-mucus esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Kungaba imibala ehlukahlukene ne-predominance yama-green, brown, brown shades. Lapho usemncane usene ngaphakathi emaphethelweni. 
Amapuleti we-cap akhula kanye nomlenze omfushane kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 cm ohlangothini. Umlenze unombala ophuzi. Ihlanganiswe nezikali ezibomvu.
Inyama imhlophe noma i-ayisikhilimu enephunga elimnandi futhi inambitheka ngokufutheka.
Abantu abambelela ekudleni kokudla, ama-oyster amakhowe amakhowe aphelele ekudleni kwawo. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zama-mushroom we-oyster, ukuthi ungayomisa kanjani, uzifake futhi uzikhulise ezikhwameni.
I-Oyster mushroom ivame ukuhlangana nabakhileyo baseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ngezinkuni zezihlahla ezinqabile. Inkathi ye-fruiting yayo ihlala isikhathi eside - iqala ngoSepthemba futhi iphela ngoDisemba.
Ama-specimens amancane kuphela afanelekayo okudla, njengabantu abavuthiwe banzima kakhulu. Emithonjeni eminingi, i-fungus ibhekwa ingenakulinganiswa. 
Golovach giant
Igama lesayense lommeleli womndeni we-champignon nguCalvatia gigantea. I-mushroom yaziwa nangokuthi amagama okuthiwa i-giant raincoat, i-giant Langermania. Kuyinto umzimba omkhulu izithelo ngendlela ibhola noma iqanda elinamamitha 0.5 m. Emifanekisweni encane imhlophe, bese uphenduka yellow.
Ekupheleni kokuvuthwa kuba mnyama. Njengoba ikhula, umzimba uyaqhekeza futhi ukhulule isikhunta. I-Gleba ifakwe emhlophe. Kamuva ithola ama-shades aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-bluish. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uphenduka obomvu nge-olive.
Isikebhe esikhulu sezulu sivame ukuwela emaphethelweni amahlathi, emasimini, emasimini, emapaki. Yidla ama-specimens amancane kuphela. 
Okubi
Intukuthelo (lat. Lactárius rúfus) ingeyomndeni wezingqinamba. Ngesikhathi esincane, ama-caps anesimo sezinsimbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqondisa, bahlala phansi noma bacindezelekile, ngendlela yokuvuza. Ngosayizi we-caps afinyelela ku-4-10 cm ububanzi. Ubuso babo bumbozwe ngesibhamu esibucayi. Udwezwe obomvu nge-tinge ebomvu.
Uyazi? Izidumbu ezinamahlumela kanye nezimbali zekhanda elikhulu zisetshenziselwa uhlobo lomuthi wendabuko (fungoterapii). I-antibiotic Calvacin, enomsebenzi wokuphikisa, yenziwa kuwo. Ibuye ibone izinto ezivimbela i-bacillus ye-tubercle.
I-pulp ihlanganiswe futhi ihluleka kalula. Cishe akukho iphunga. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kuyashisa futhi i-peppery. 
Umlenze uphansi, ufinyelela ubude obude obuyi-10 cm. Ubomvu ngombala. Ukuma kuyi-cylindrical. Ufika kumarekhodi avamile.
Intukuthelo itholakala enkampanini ye-conifers ne-birches kusukela ehlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ekuphekeni, isetshenziselwa ukubhekwa nokuhlanza emva kokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba uqede ukufutheka. 
I-bum yangempela
Ukugwenywa kwangempela (lat. Lactárius résimus) ngummeleli womndeni wakwaRussula. Iqukethe izinhlamvu eziningana phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom nabososayensi - abamhlophe, abomvu, abamanzi, ama-pravsky, ama-Agaricus resimus, i-Galorrheus resimus, i-Lactifluus resimus.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele ngezinhlobo zamaxhaphozi, ikakhulukazi, nge-aspen, emnyama, kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo nezingozi ezimanzi nezindlela zokuvuna izixhaphozi ebusika.
Leli howa lingakhula i-cap enkulu kuze kufike ku-20 cm Kodwa-ke, kaningi kaningi ngobukhulu obuphakathi - kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-15 cm. Ekuqaleni kokuphila kunesimo esine-flat-convex, ekupheleni kwe-fruiting it ngqo futhi iguqula emngceleni. Njengoba leli gama libonisa, ubuso bayo bumbozwe nge-mucus. Isikhumba simhlophe nge-tinge ephuzi.
Inyama isinyene, ayiphuli. Umdwebo omhlophe. It has a fruity iphunga kanye tart ukunambitheka. 
Umlenze womthwalo awukho ophakeme - kufika ku-7 cm. Ukhula ngesimo sesilinda semhlophe noma umbala ophuzi kancane. Ngaphakathi akunalutho.
Ngaphansi kwe-cap kukhona amapulethi avamile webala eliphuzi noma ukhilimu.
I-moor yangempela ivame ukutholakala ngokuhlangana ne-birch emaqenjini amaningi kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Indawo yokuhlala - iBelarus, eRussia.
Kudliwa kuphela emazweni aseSoviet Union yangaphambili - i-mushroom isetshenziselwa ukusawosa ngemva kokuhamba usuku. Emandleni aseNtshonalanga kubhekwa njengengenakulinganiswa. 
Hlanganisa izinkuni
I-mushroom ene-cap, ifinyelela ububanzi ukusuka ku-6 kuya ku-30 cm. Igama lesayensi yiLactárius controvérsus. Ama-synonyms - i-poplar, i-whitefish. Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-mushroom, i-cap inesimo soguqu-flat, ne-recess phakathi nendawo nemiphetho ijika phansi. Njengoba imiphetho ikhula, iba yi-wavy.
Inyama iphula kalula, imhlophe. It has a elimnandi iphunga nokubukeka ukunambitha.
Ubude bomlenze obude buyi-8 cm. Ingxenye yayo yangaphakathi isinyene, yenziwe ngezimhlophe, futhi ingaba ne-pink tint. Imifushane kuya kwesisekelo. 
Ukuphakama izinkuni yisivakashi esingapheli emahlathini lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi ze-aspen, i-willow, i-poplar, etholakala endaweni eguquguqukayo yesimo sezulu. Inkathi ye-fruiting yayo iphakathi kwehlobo - phakathi kwekwindla.
Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-salting, ukuthosa nokubilisa.
Ibhakede elimnyama
Umnyama noma u-nipper, i-gypsy, i-svinoril (isiLatini. I-Lactárius necator) ihlangabezana nezindawo ezikhanyisiwe zamahlathi ahlanganisiwe. I-mushroom ene-cap enkulu kakhulu, efinyelela ububanzi ukusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-20 cm. Ngenkathi yemvula, ubuso bawo bomnqumo obumnyama bumbozwa nge-mucus. 
I-pulp yomzimba wesithelo isuke iphukile kalula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sinzima. I-White, kodwa uma icindezelwe ingashintsha. Iphunga elicishe libe lingabonakali, ukunambitheka kuyaphunga.
Isigqoko sibekwa esiteshini esingenhla kakhulu, ubude bayo bufinyelela ku-8 cm, nobukhulu-kufika ku-3 cm. Umbala wayo uvumelana nombala we-cap. Ubuso buhlanganiswe ne-mucus.
Amanye amakhowe aqala ukuvela ngisho nasentwasahlobo. Thola ukuthi amakhowe akhula ngo-Meyi.
Ngaphansi kwe-cap kukhona ama-plates amancane ahamba phambili emlenzeni.
Ukulimala okumnyama kwenzeka ngoJulayi - Okthoba. 
Ekuphekeni, isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-salting ngemuva kokufaka noma ukubilisa. Kunemithombo ethi le fungus iqukethe i-necatorin ye-mutagen futhi ayikwazi ukudliwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi inobuthi, kanti ubuthi buqoqa emzimbeni isikhathi eside. Ngokweminye imithombo, ubuthi be-nekatorin abuqinisekisiwe.
I-Dubovik icwecwe
I-Mottled Dubovik (lat. Boletus erýthropus) iyaziwa phakathi kwabalandeli bokuthi "ukuzingela okuthulile" ngamanye amagama amaningana: I-Dubovik i-grainy-legged, i-Poddubovik, i-bolet i-grained-legged, inxeba.
Ngefomu elidala, i-cap yalowo omele umbuso wama-mushroom ingakhula kuze kube ngu-20 cm ububanzi. Unomumo we-hemisphere, umcamelo. Ubuso bayo bubukeka kahle, ngezinye izikhathi buhlanganiswa ne-mucus. Umbala ulawulwa yi-brown shades nge-add brown, umnqumo, obomvu. 
I-pulp yomzimba wezithelo ophuzi, ongenalutho futhi ongenakuqhathaniswa. Lapho usika noma ucindezela okwesibhakabhaka.
Umlenze uphakeme kakhulu-kufika ku-15 cm. Ukuqina - kufika ku-4 cm. Ingabe ukuma kwesilinda noma i-tuber, ngezinye izikhathi umgqomo. Umbala uphuzi obomvu. Ekhishwe izikali ezibomvu.
I-Hymenophore tubular. Izibhebhe zidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ucindezelekile, yishintshe ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. 
I-Dubovik engumgodla - uhlala emahlathini anezihlahla ezinamaqabunga e-Europe, eCaucasus, eSiberia. Isikhathi se-fruiting sisinde, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ukupheka ubilise, bese ulungisa ama-sauces noma izitsha zangasese. I-Dubovik efanelekayo yokuma.
I-Chanterelle emnyama
Elinye igama lale chanterelle liphondo lokuvuthwa (lat. Craterellus cornucopioides). Le amakhowe inesakhiwo se-hatpaloid. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-5-12 cm. I-cap iyinhlamba noma ifakwe indebe ngomsila phakathi nendawo futhi uhlangothi lwe-wavy luphelile. Engxenyeni engenhla emgqeni inombala obomvu. Ekuvuthweni kuba mnyama. Ingxenye engezansi ingu-grey enobundu. 
I-pulp yesidumbu sesithelo igoqa kahle. Ezingqungqutheleni ezincane ze-chanterelles ezimnyama, zivuthiwe - ziba mnyama. Iphunga nokunambitheka kuzwakala kuphela emva kokupheka.
Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngezakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-chanterelles nokuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani i-chanterelle yamanga kusuka kwangempela.
Umlenze uphansi kakhulu, unciphise phansi. Unombala ofanayo ne-cap.
Emithonjeni ehlukene, i-black chanterelle ibizwa ngokuthi i-mycorrhizal fungi noma i-saprophyte. Ikhula emahlathini enezihlahla eziqhamukayo noma ezihlukahlukene, itholakala ezindaweni ezizintaba zezindawo ezizungezile zezulu zeNyakatho Hemisphere. 
Inkathi ye-fruiting ihlala isikhathi eside - kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ekuphekeni, sebenzisa umsila we-tubular kuphela, umlenze awufanelekile ukudla. EYurophu, i-black chanterelle ingokwamakhowe okudliwayo. Iphekwe, ithosiwe, isetshenziswe, isomisiwe.
I-Pepper Mushroom
I-pepper mushroom (lat. Chalcíporus piperátus) iyaziwa ngamanye amagama amabili - i-peppermint, i-peppermint. Ummeleli we-tubular womndeni wakwaBolettov, uhlobo lwe-chalciporus. 
Ijaji lakhe lilinganiselwe - lisuka ku-2 kuya ku-7 cm ububanzi. Ngokuvamise ukugqamile, kodwa kungabanika obomvu, obomvu. Isakhiwo senziwe nge-convex. Ngokudala kuya esiceleni. I-smell, i-velvety igxila phezulu.
Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma ucindezelwe obomvu. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kuyashisa, njengopelepele. Iphunga cishe lingabonakali.
Uhlaka oluyingqimba luya enyaweni. Uma ucindezelekile, amashubhu aphendukile. 
Isiqu sisesimweni se-cylinder encane encane, ububanzi obukhulu - ubude buka-3-8 cm no-0.3-1.5 cm ngobubanzi. Umbala wayo ufana nalokho wekhanda, noma kancane kancane.
I-mushroom ihlanganisa ubudlelwane nama-conifers. Ikhula ngokuzimela noma emaqenjini amancane endaweni engenyakatho enezimo zezulu ezilinganiselwe. Abaqoqi bezimushini bahlangana naye kusukela phakathi nohlobo kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla.
Iningi lemithombo emayelana ne-mushroom ihlukanisa le makhowa njengento edliwayo ngokomzimba, ebiza ukuthi ifanelekile ukuma, ukucheka, ukukhipha kanye nokusawoti. Kodwa-ke, kukholwa ukuthi liqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezibuthe emzimbeni futhi zithinte kabi ukusebenza kwesibindi. 
Igqa elimhlophe nelolundu
I-row white-brown (lat. Tricholoma albobrunneum) ivela ngekhanda elimnyama noma elimnyama ngesimo se-hemisphere ene-cm kuya ku-10 cm. Njengoba ivuthwa, i-cap iqondisa futhi ivule noma ivule. Ubuso bayo bumbozwe ngemifantu efana nezilinganiso. Ngenkathi yemvula kuhlanganiswa ne-mucus.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba ama-mushroom angumkhiqizo onzima ukugonywa yi-tract digestive, akufanele idliwe kusihlwa, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokulala. Izitsha zokudla ngamakhomikhali aziwaniki izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Ukuguquka okunamandla okunamandla, okumhlophe. Ukunambitha nokuphunga akusiyo.
Umlenze wamakhowe amaningi ukhula ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwangu-7. Kwezinye izibonelo zingafinyelela ku-10 cm. Ngesimo sifana nesilinda esinciphile phansi. Iningi lalo libushelelezi, phansi liyi-fibrous. Umbala ungahluka - omhlophe phezulu futhi obomvu, obomvu, obomvu phansi. 
Ngaphansi kwekhanda kukhona amacwecwe amhlophe avamile. Ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganiswe ngamachashazi abomvu.
Abaqoqi bezimushini ngokuvamile bahlangana ne-ryadovku emhlophe ngamabala. Imizimba yezithelo ivela ngo-Agasti-Okthoba. Indawo yokuhlala - cishe yonke i-Eurasia.
Ekuphekeni, leli khowa libhekwa njengento yonke. Kudinga ngaphambi kokubilisa. 
Umjaho ophuzi futhi obomvu
Igama lesayensi laleli mushroom yi-Tricholomopsis rutilans. Ngezinye izikhathi zitholakala ngaphansi kwegama elibomvu amehlo, reddening ryadovka.
Ngokushesha nje uma lo mgca uphuma emhlabathini, ingubo yakhe iyinqwaba. Inqubo yokukhula, iqondisa futhi ifinyelele ku-7 cm ububanzi. Isikhumba sayo asimangali, sihamba kahle, siphuzi-sibomvu noma siphuzi-orange. Ikhululeke kakhulu ngezikali zobomvu noma i-burgundy enombala obomvu.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngezinhlobo ezinjalo zemigqa efana nomhlaba, omhlophe, ophuzi obomvu, ompunga ne-poplar, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani imigqa.
I-pulp yesitho somzimba izithelo. Udwezwe ophuzi. Ukunambitheka kwakhe akunakwenzeka. Iphunga liyomuncu. 
I-cap igcina umlenze ophansi, omncane - u-5-7 cm ukuphakama no-1-1.5 cm ububanzi. Ngefomu, isesimweni se-cylinder enwetshiwe phansi. Amanye ama-specimens aqoshiwe. Umbala unombala obomvu, onesikali.
Ngaphansi kwe-cap kukhona amapulethi aphuzi.
Lo mmeli womndeni kaRynovkovy uyisimenywa esingavamile samahlathi e-coniferous. Ingabe i-saprotrophic. Kubonakala emahlathini afile kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. 
I-ryadovka eliphuzi eliphuzi alithandwayo namakheli amakhowe. Abaningi bayakubheka ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Labo abadlayo, usawoti futhi bahambe. Qoqa kuphela lapho usemncane.
Uyazi? Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI, ososayensi waseYunivesithi yaseHokkaido Tosiyuki Nakagaki wenza uvivinyo lapho azama khona ukuthola ukuthi i-fungus ephuzi ingayithola yini i-cube ushukela ebhodini. Ngenxa yalokho, wafika esiphethweni sokuthi i-mycelium ingakwazi ukuqoqa imininingwane mayelana nemvelo yayo, ukuthola ukuthi ikuphi, futhi idlulisele lolu lwazi ku- "inzalo".
Ngulube enkulu
I-Svinuha, noma i-giant ryadovka (i-lat. Leucopaxillus giganteus) -yi-mushroom enkulu enesikhwama esinebubanzi obuyi-10-30 cm ngesimo se-funnel esine-wavy edging emhlophe. 
Isigqoko sitholakala emlenzeni omhlophe obukhulu - kufika ku-3.5 cm ububanzi. It is ukuma isilinda nge base bulbous. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-4-7 cm.
Inyama imhlophe, nephunga elimnandi, elingenakusihlwa.
Ngaphansi kwe-cap kukhona amahlaya amaningi ahla. Asemhlophe kubamele abasha, ukhilimu kulabo abadala. 
I-Svinuha giant ikhula eRussia, eCaucasus. Ikhula ngamaqembu, ingaba "imibuthano yobuthakathi".
Amapende awasebenzisa kuphela ezinhlotsheni eziphekiwe noma ezisawoti.
Isihlalo somkhumbi
Indlebe eyodwa (lat. Lactárius flexuósus) ibhekwa njengesi-syrolic. Liyi-mushroom elisezingeni eliphakathi ne-cap, elifinyelela ku-5-10 cm ububanzi. I-convex kubamele abasha, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yinto efana nomngcwabo ene-curved edging. Umbala wayo ungobopho obomvu, obomvu noma obunamabala obomvu. Kungase ibe nemibuthano ejulile emnyama. 
Umzimba wesithelo unomzimba omhlophe obomvu. Iveza ijusi elimnandi. Hamba nge-hint yezithelo.
Umlenze udwetshwe ithoni nge-cap. Имеет высоту до 9 см и ширину до 2,5 см. По форме напоминает цилиндр. У молодых представителей она плотная, в старости становится полой.
Под шляпкой размещены нечастые пластинки жёлтого цвета. В начале жизни гриба они приросшие, затем нисходящие. 
С июля и по октябрь серушка появляется поодиночке либо в группах в лесах, где преобладают осины, берёзы. Грибники также знают её под именами подорешница, подорожница, млечник серый, груздь серо-лиловый. Hlanganisa u-salting.
I-blue sky eluhlaza
I-Stropharia aeruginosa iyi-mushroom encane enekhanda elenziwe ngendlela elingana no-3-8 cm ububanzi. Ubuso bayo bubekwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhumba simanzi futhi sithobile. Idakwe ngama-ocher izindawo.
Inyama inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza, iphunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okubabayo. 
Unyawo olujulile lukhula lufike ku-12 cm ukuphakama futhi kufinyelele ku-2 cm ububanzi. Njengesikebhe, siyashesha, i-shaggy. It has ring ring.
Ngaphansi kwepuleti yekhanda kufakwe i-hymenophore. Amapuleti avame ukufakwa emlenzeni. Zifakwe nge-blue shades noma shades purple.
I-mushroom ingatholakala kwi-stumps, kumquba, emhlabathini ogcwele ama-humus. Ikhula emahlathini ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.
Kungadliwa ngendlela efakwe usawoti futhi kubhaka, kodwa kubhekwa njengento engafaneleki. 
Russula enhle
Omunye ummeli wamakhowe adla ngokusemthethweni yiRussula rosacea. Iqukethe icwecwe le-convex 10 cm ngaphesheya, elidwetshwe ngokubomvu okukhanyayo. Njengoba iqala, i-cap iqondisa futhi kuqala ibukeka njenge-hemisphere, bese iguqa, ingene kancane phakathi nendawo.
Funda ngalokho i-russula ibukeka nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezingxabano.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulahlekelwa umbala wakhe okhanyayo, oguqulwayo. Ngaphansi kwebhanethi kukhona i-hymenophore ngendlela yamacwecwe amhlophe noma ama-cream.
I-pulp ye-russula enhle imhlophe futhi ilukhuni. Iphunga layo libizwa. Kukhona ukufutheka kunambitha. 
Isiqu sincane - sikhula ukuphakama okungaphezulu kuka-4 cm. Kuwo amakhowe amaningi aqondile, kodwa futhi aphikisiwe. Imhlophe ngombala, ngezinye izikhathi nge-sheen elibomvu.
Lezi zinkokhelo ze-mushroom ezinama-mushroom zitholakala kakhulu emahlathini anezihlahla eziqhamukayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi nazo zikhona phakathi kwe-coniferous plantings. Inkathi yokulimaza ihlobo nasekwindla.
Ekuphekeni, i-russula enhle ilungiswa ngamanye amakhowe noma ifakwe emanzini aseviniga. Ngokwayo, akusizi ngalutho. 
I-Blackening i-Russula
Le amakhowe ezincwadini ze-encyclopedias yama-mushroom pickers angatholakala futhi ngaphansi kwegama eliphansi lokulayisha. NgeLatin igama layo lizwakala njengeRussula nigricans.
Lena i-russula enkulu kakhulu enekhanda elingama-5 kuya ku-25 cm ngaphesheya. Uma kubonakala, i-cap idwetswe umhlophe, kodwa kamuva iphenduka imbuzi futhi imnyama.
I-pulp yesidumbu sezithelo iphula kalula, kodwa inkulu kakhulu ekuthunjweni. Umbala ubumhlophe. Lapho isikhumba siphenduka pink. Kuyajabulisa ukunambitha, kodwa ngokufutheka okuncane. Iphunga elimnandi libuye lihle, kodwa liqondakala kalula. 
Umlenze ukhula ufike ku-10 cm. Ngomumo, kufana nesilinda. Umbala unombala.
I-Hymenophor kule russula yi-lamellar. Amacwecwe ayingavamile, amhlophe, amhlophe phezu kwesikhathi. Kukhona ama-specimens anamapulethi amnyama.
Ukuze ugweme uketshezi olunzima ngisho nokufa, funda indlela yokusebenzisa izindlela zomuntu ongahlola amakhowe ukuze aqiniseke.
Utholwe ezindaweni ngezimo zezulu ezilinganiselwe nasengxenyeni esentshonalanga yaseSiberia. Ukuvuna kuqala ehlobo futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube seqhwa.
Abamele abancane kuphela abafanelekayo ukudla. Badliwa abilisiwe futhi abasawoti. 
Okuningi okuningi
I-Morchella conica iyisithakazelo sokubukeka kwamakhowe nesimo sesifuba. Isikhumba sakhe sihlungwe, amaselula, kuze kube ngu-9 cm high ngendlela yesigxobo eside sombala obomvu nomthunzi ophuzi noma omnyama. Ingaphakathi layo alinalutho.
Umlenze ngesimo se-cylinder, ubude obuyi-2-4 cm, ungenalutho. Ubuso buhlanganiswe nemifula. Umbala ubumhlophe, ophuzi, obomvu, obumnyama.
Inyama ibukeka kabi. Kungaba mhlophe noma ukhilimu ombala. Ayinambitheki futhi ayinangabi. 
I-taper engaphezulu ibhekisela kuma-saprophyte asentwasahlobo. Inkathi yokulimaza iwela ngo-Ephreli - Juni. Akuvamile. Indawo yokuhlala - amahlathi, amapaki, izingadi.
Amapende apheka, gazinga futhi asomile ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala.
Isikrini esiningi
Leli amakhowe, njengalowo owedlule, linomzimba wesithelo sezithelo zekhanda elinesikhwama esine-cap esihlala ngokukhululekile esiteshini. Ubukhulu be-cap buncane - kufika ku-5 cm ukuphakama futhi kufike ku-4 cm ububanzi. Umbala walo uxhomeke lapho i-mushroom ikhula khona nokuthi yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa. Kungaba yisundu, insundu, iphuzi, i-ocher. Ubuso bayo buhlanganisiwe. 
Inyama iphula kalula. Awunalo ukunambitheka okukhethekile. Iphunga lemanzi.
Umlenze ufike ku-11-15 cm ubude. Lapho usemusha, umhlophe nge-tinge ephuzi kanye nekotini, ekuvuthweni kugoqa futhi kungenalutho.
Izindawo zokuhlala - amazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele eNyakatho Hemisphere. I-mushroom ikhetha amahlumela ahlanzekile futhi ahlanganisiwe, izindawo eziseduze namanzi. Amakhowe ahlangana namaqembu amakhulu amabhasi angaphezulu, amakhophi angama-50-70. Isikhathi se-fruiting ngo-Ephreli noMeyi.
Eminye imithombo ithi le makhowa ayinayo futhi ingabangela ubuthi. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukubhekwa njengokudla okungokwemvelo, ukunikeza izincomo mayelana nokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa. 
I-Tinder i-sulfur-yellow
I-Polyporic sulphureus (lat. Laetíporus sulphúreus) ayinconywa ukuba isetshenziswe njalo, njengoba kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi inobuthi bayo. Izidumbu zezithelo ze-fungus ye-parasitic ayihlali phezulu emithini noma kwi-stumps.
Ekuqaleni zifana namaconsi aphuzi noma e-orange. Njengoba zikhula, zifana nendlebe - amakhanda ambalwa-mbono, u-10-40 cm usayizi, esimweni sabalandeli abakhula ndawonye. Le "design" ingaba ngu-10 kg.
Inyama yabo iyamanzi, ithambile, iyisibhakabhaka, ingabi iphunga elimnandi kakhulu futhi linambitheka. Umbala ubumhlophe. 
I-hymenophore yalesi sivinini sinesimo sezitshalo eziphuzi 0.2-0.4 cm ubude.
Ukuchitheka okuphuzi okwesibhakabhaka kungumgogodla ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, izithelo, izihlahla ze-coniferous. Kuhlelwe kuzo kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba.
Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-40 ukubilisa le mushroom. Ama-specimens amasha kuphela afanelekayo okudla. Zomisiwe, ziphekwe, zifakwe emanzini anosawoti, zikanamanzi. 
Isikali se-Tinder
I-scaly shale grinder (lat. Polýporus squamósus) iyaziwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi be-mushroom ngenxa yesenzakalo sayo esasakazekile. Izidumbu zezithelo ziphansi emithini. Okokuqala, banesimo sezinso, bese-bekhothama. Ububanzi bufinyelela ku-30 cm. Bemibala enombala ophuzi noma ompunga. Ubuso bugcwele izilinganiso ezimnyama.
I-tinder ine-pulp elithambile elithambile futhi eline-spongy kuma-specimens avuthiwe.
Umlenze we-fungus ungamamitha angu-10 ubude futhi ubude obungaba ngu-4 cm. Umbala wayo ubumhlophe, phansi kunobunnyama obumnyama. 
I-Rubic ifika eYurophu nase-United States. Ngokuvame ukukhula entwasahlobo emithonjeni yezihlahla ezinobuthakathaka, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ehlobo nasekwindla.
Ukudla kudliwa kuphela esemncane. Kungadliwa emva kokubilisa, okusawoti kanye nosawoti.
Ipulazi le-Entoloma
I-entoloma clypeatum ibonakala kuqala ngekhanda elihlotshwe ngebell, ekugcineni lishintsha ku-convex-concave ngemiphetho ejijiwe. Umbala wayo uphinde uguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - okokuqala kuhlanzekile ngegrey, bese kuba mhlophe noma imbobo emhlophe, futhi ekupheleni kokuphila - okubomvu. 
Ngaphansi kwekhanda kukhona amacwecwe ama-pink ajwayelekile futhi angavamile, anamathele ekuphakameni okujwayelekile kwesitshalo (kufika ku-10 cm) emhlophe, pink noma i-grey ngesisekelo esincane.
I-pulp ye-entomole ingaba mnandi noma ilula ngokuvumelana. Unomdlavuza we-mealy nephunga elimnandi. Limhlophe ngombala.
Zijwayele ngamakhowe angenayo, njengama-mushroom ase-aspen, ama-amanitas, i-svinushki, ne-lasnoopyat.
Abaqoqi be-mushroom, njengomthetho, bahlangabezane nale khowa ekhulayo ngamaqembu. Lihlala emahlathini, liyakhula emasimini. Inkathi ye-fruiting iwa ngoMeyi-Julayi. 
I-Entolomus njenge-mushroom edlalwa ngokomzimba ngesinambitheka esivamile isetshenziselwa ukupheka ukupheka, ukupheka, ukukhethisa kanye nokwasawoti. EYurophu, kunezizwe lapho kubhekwa njengama-mushroom omuhle.
Ngakho-ke, sasihlolisise amakhowe athile ayenziwe ngokomzimba kuphela. Empeleni, ziningi kakhulu. Into eyodwa iyababumbene bonke - kufanele ibiliswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuze kususwe ukunambitheka okungajabulisayo nokuhogela futhi kungabikho izinselele ezingathandeki emaphethelweni emathunjini.
