Ezindaweni eziningi zendawo zasehlobo ungathola kalula i-currants ne-gooseberries, kodwa ngokukhula yoshty hhayi bonke abalimi abahilelekile. Le hybrid ayitholakali ukwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke, nakuba labo abahlangabezane nayo sebevele bakwazi ukuqonda izinzuzo ezigcwele zalawo majikijolo. U-Yoshta akusizi nje kuphela ukubuyisela i-hemoglobin ebuchosheni obuyinkimbinkimbi ye-anemia, kodwa futhi kujwayelekile ukuvuselela emathunjini, futhi kubangele ukuphumula okusheshayo emakhazeni, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezinkinga ezinezigaxa zegazi (kuqinisa izindonga zabo). Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi ukutshala, ukunakekela (futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukunciphisa) yoshtay kusukela entwasahlobo kuya kubanda kakhulu.
Umlando wokuzalanisa i-yoshta
Ekubukeni, i-yoshta ifana ne-currant enkulu noma i-jumelberry emnyama, eyenza ibukeke njengezilwane zombili. Eqinisweni, ukuzama ukuwela kwalezi zitshalo kwahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu: izihlahla ziqhakaza, kodwa azizange zinike izithelo. Kwakungenzeka ukufeza umphumela omuhle kuphela kuma-70s ekhulwini lama-20, lapho umzalisi waseJalimane uR. Bower ethatha i-hybrid yokuqala ye-fruiting.
"Igama" lakhe liqukethe amagama amabili egama lesiJalimane elibizwa ngokuthi i-currants nezinhlamvu ezintathu zegama le-ugqumugqumu, okwakubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwanikeza igama elithi Josta (yoshta). Cishe ngaleso sikhathi, omunye umzalisi waseJalimane, uH. H. Murawski, ngenxa yokuhlola okuningi, wathola izinhlobo eziningi ze-currant-uglybrids, ezagcina zathola amagama kaJokhne, Moro noJochemin. Esikhathini esizayo, wonke ama-hybrid akhonjisiwe atholakala ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi abavela kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi, nososayensi baseRussia. Wonke ama-specimens amasha ahlukile ngobukhulu behlathi noma amajikijolo ngokwawo, ukuma kwamaqabunga, isivuno kanye nokunambitha.
Njengamanje, i-hybrid ethandwayo yama-currants ne-gooseberries iyisihlahla esinamandla esinamahlumela angenawo ama-1.5m. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-currant emnyama, amagatsha e-yoshta ahlala aqinile. Lesi sitshalo sakha inombolo encane yezimpande ezimpande, ngakho akudingi ukusika izihlahla eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo enkulu ye-yoshta, okuyinto ehlukanisa kahle kusuka currant efanayo kanye ugqumugqumu, ukuphikiswa kwayo eliphezulu izifo main "abazali" kanye okuhle ukumelana frost.
Uyazi? Okuqukethwe kwe-Vitamin C ku-yoshte kuncane kakhulu kunama-currants, kodwa izikhathi ezingu-2-4 ngaphezu kwe-ugqumugqumu.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ze-yoshta uma uthenga
Uma unquma ukutshala i-yoshta esiqhingini sakho, khona-ke into yokuqala okudingeka ukwazi ngayo iyindlela yokukhetha izithombo zalesi sitshalo.
Nakhu kuyadingeka ukuba ucabangele inombolo yalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Insimu encane eyithengiwe, iyothola kalula izimpande endaweni entsha.
- Uhlelo lwezitshalo lwezitshalo kumele lube namandla futhi luphilile, futhi izimpande ngokwazo - zihlanzekile futhi zimanzi. Ngezimpande ezomile nezesimo sezulu, ukusikeka kuyothatha izimpande, kodwa kuzokhula kancane kancane.
- Esikhathini sekhwalithi ephezulu, amagxolo emahlumela kanye ne-trunk izobe ibushelelezi futhi ibonakale, futhi uma isivele ikwazi ukuphefumula, kusho ukuthi isampula esithile sagubha esikhathini eside esidlule futhi seyakwazi ukumelela.
Kubalulekile! Uma uphonsa ingxenye encane yamagxolo, ungathola ukuthi isitsha sokuphila esivele siphilile sesivele sesomile. Uhlaza oluphansi lukhombisa ukuthi kufanele ukhetho olukhethiwe, kuyilapho obomvu buzobonisa ukufa kwakhe.
Uma uthenga isithombo ekwindla, amaqabunga asemagatsheni kufanele asuswe ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokulimaza amaqabunga e-axils. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuthutha ukuthengwa, izimpande ze-yoshta kufanele zihlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzini bese zifakwa esikhwameni seplastiki.
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi nokulungiselela inhlabathi ye-yoshtu
Ukutshala kukaJoshta (kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla) kungenziwa ngenhloso ehlukile: ukuthola isivuno esiphakeme noma ukuhlobisa i-cottage ehlobo. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ikhwalithi nokuchichima kwesitshalo kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, amahlumela angatshala kokubili elangeni nasemthunzini, akhethe izindawo eziphakeme noma eziphansi zendawo noma indawo engaphansi komhlaba emthambekeni. Esikhathini lapho umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwanda kwe-yoshta ukuthola inombolo enkulu yamajikijolo anomsoco namnandi, kungcono ukubheka amapheshana enhlabathi anenhlabathi evundile. Ukulungiswa kwesayithi elikhethiwe kuyadingeka kuphela uma kwenzeka ukhula lukhula kulo, futhi umhlaba awubonakaliswa ukuzala okuphezulu. Esimweni esinjalo, inhlabathi iyagcwala futhi ifakwe umquba ophilayo obolile ngesilinganiso esingu-15 kg ngehora elilodwa lemitha.
Ukutshala kahle izithombo zikaJoshta
Ngokushesha nje lapho uthenga indawo yokukhishwa kwe-yoshta futhi uyilungiselela indawo, kuyokwazi ukuqhubeka nokutshala ngokuqondile isitshalo emhlabathini. Nokho, ngaphambi kwalokhu, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola izithombo ezitholiwe, ukususa amagatsha omisiwe nezimpande ezifile.
Njengoba sesibonile, i-yoshtu itshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala ukumba imbobo ngokujula kwama-50-60 cm nobubanzi buka-50 cm (okungaphezulu kunokwenzeka, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besistimu yezimpande). Umquba noma i-humus (isigamu ibhakede), i-100 g ye-superphosphate nengxenye yesigamu sezinkuni zengezwa njengomanyolo. Yonke le miquba ixubaniswe ngokuphelele nenhlabathi evundile yenhlabathi, okulandelayo igcwaliswe emgodini we-1/3 wevolumu yayo. Okulandelayo kumele kube yingqimba evundile yenhlabathi ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo, okuthululwa phezu kwebhakede lamanzi. Lapho nje uketshezi lugcwele, i-sapling ifakwa phakathi komgodi, izimpande zawo ziqondisiwe, futhi umgodi ugcwele umhlaba, ugoqa kancane phansi. Okokugcina, inhlabathi iphinde iphuze futhi ihlanganiswe ne-peat, utshani noma u-hay (ngokuzikhethela). Ukuphakama kwesendlalelo se-mulch kumele kube ngu-10 cm.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ukukhula okuhle kwezithombo ngokushesha emva kokutshala bahlungwa, bashiya ezimbili kuya ezintathu efihlekile kudubula ngalinye.
Ngokuvamile ukutshala kwenzeka entwasahlobo, kodwa kwezinye izimo ukutshala i-yoshta kuhambisana nokuwa. Akukho lutho olwesabekayo kulo, futhi inqubo yonke ilandela uhlelo olungenhla, umahluko owodwa ukuthi imigodi yezimbewu ilungiswa amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukunakekela ingadi yakho
Labo abahlali behlobo abakhetha ukhetho lokutshala esiqhingini sabo cishe sebevele besazi ukuthi kulula ukuzinakekela ngaphezu kwe-gooseberries, futhi akulukhuni kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwe-currants. Imisebenzi eyinhloko eyenziwa yanciphisa ukunciphisa inhlabathi eduze kwamahlumela, ikhula weeding, ukuchelela njalo nokufaka umquba womhlabathi nokuvikelwa okuphoqelekile kwe-shrub ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo. Yilokho, empeleni, konke ukunakekelwa kwe-yoshta.
Ukuhlangana komhlabathi
Ukubumbana kwenhlabathi kubangela ukulinganisela okunamandla kokuswakama kanye nokudla okunomsoco emhlabathini, okukusindisa ekudingeni ukuba ukhulule njalo umhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Indima ye-mulch ihambelana kahle nomquba obolile noma ama-humus, odinga amabhakede amabili ehlathini. Futhi okukhethwa kukho okuhle kubhekwa njengokusetshenziswa kwe-peat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxubha inhlabathi ngaphansi komqhele we-shrub nasendaweni ye-trunk yayo ngeke nje kudale umbuso omuhle wezakhi emhlabathini, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukukhuphuka komswakama, futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kokhula.
Uyazi? U-Yoshta angakhula endaweni eyodwa kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, sonke isikhathi ekuthokozisa ngokuvuna okukhulu.
Ukuphuza i-yoshty
Esinye sezidingo eziyinhloko zokukhula kwe-yoshta kunamanzi amaningi futhi anisela njalo ama-shrub. Ukungabi namanzi emhlabathini kuholela ekubambezelekeni ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesitshalo, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi nxazonke ezihlahleni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula. I-liquid eyethulwa kufanele ihambise umhlaba ekujuleni kwengqimba, okuyi-30-40 cm. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okulingana kulokhu kuzoba ngu-20-30 l ngehora elilodwa (okusho ukunisela okulodwa), futhi imvamisa yokunisela ixhomeke kakhulu ekutheni umswakama ubheke umhlabathi, izimo zesimo sezulu kanye nokuba khona / ukungabikho kombhede wokuvikela umquba wokuvikela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile kule ndaba yisikhathi sokwenza uketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuphuza i-yoshta ekuseni noma ngokushesha ngemva kokushona kwelanga, ukuthululela amanzi emiphakathini eyenziwe yilezi zindilinga, okujule okufanele kube yi-10-15 cm (ngokuvamile kutholakala kude no-30-40 cm ukusuka ekuhloleni komqhele). Ukusuka ngaphandle kwe-grooves bagcwalisa ama-roller edibeneyo, ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-15. Uma lezi zitshalo ziphuziswa ngaphansi kwelanga elivuthayo, wonke umswakama uzokhuphuka ngokushesha.
Umanyolo we-Yoshta
Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, i-yoshta, ekhulile kuphela njengento ehlobisa yokuklama komhlaba, ayidingi ukondliwa okweziwe, kodwa uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esicebile nesiphundu, khona-ke lolu daba kuzodingeka lunikezwe ngokufanele. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo siphendule kahle ekukhuliseni futhi eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala uzodinga 4-5 kilograms yezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-yoshta idinga ezinye izakhi: i-potassium sulphate (20 g ngonyaka ngonyaka ngamunye ngemitha engu-1) kanye ne-superphosphate (30-40 g ngalinye ngehora elilodwa). Ama-organic fertilizer (mullein fresh diluted ingasetshenziswa) futhi superphosphate isetshenziswa emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi potassium sulfate wanezelwa enhlabathini ekwindla.
Uyazi? Amaminerali amaminerali angathathwa kalula yizinyoni ze-droppings noma i-mullein efanayo ngesilinganiso esingu-1:10 (esetshenziswa enhlabathini ekuqaleni kwehlobo) kanye nejubane le-litre-litre lomuthi okhuni ekwindla.
Ukucubungula kuka-Yoshta
Njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, i-yoshta iyakwazi ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, nakuba lokhu akuyona inkinga enzima njengalapho ikhula i-currants. Izinambuzane ze-Yoshta zimelelwa kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo zezibungu nama-aphid, kanye nama-butterflies we-moth nama-currant glass cases. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ekulwa nalezi zinambuzane ziyizinambuzane "Akarin", "Agravertin", "Biotlin", "Detsis" ne "Kleschevit". Kodwa-ke, ukuze uvikele isitshalo sakho ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene, ukwelashwa okulungiselelwe ngenhla akumele kwenziwe kuphela ukwelashwa kwe-yoshta, kodwa nokuvikela kwabo. Kule njongo, entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuqhakaza kwi-shrub) futhi ekwindla (ngemva kokuba isitshalo siphumule), i-yoshta iphathwa ngesisombululo esisodwa sephesenti se-Bordeaux liquid, sulphate yethusi noma isisombululo se-urea se-percent. I-Urea yindlela ekhethwa ngayo yokwelapha, ngoba ngaphezu kokuvikeleka okulwa nezinambuzane nezinambuzane, futhi yenza umsebenzi wokudla izitshalo nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Kunoma yikuphi, kuzokwenzeka ukuqala ukuthungula kuphela uma izinga lokushisa engadini lifinyelela ku -5 ºC.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-nuance zokusika i-Yoshta
Nakuba i-yoshta ayidingi ukusika izihlahla, kufanele usabhekene nalesi sici sokunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, i-sanitary shrub ye-shrub yenziwa, okubandakanya ukukhipha amahlumela aphukile nokugula, kanye nokunciphisa izingxenye ezinempilo eziye zaqhwaza kakhulu ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kweminyaka engu-7-8, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amahlumela, kushiya izingxenye kuphela ngeziqu eziyisi-6-8 ehlathini. 
Izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka ziyancishiswa futhi zinciphisa i-yoshty ekwindla. Ngokushesha nje lapho izihlahla nezihlahla zidlula esikhathini esibi, abalimi bavala amahlumela aphukile, kanye nezingxenye ezithintekile ngecala lokungilazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha aphilile, anqunywe engxenyeni yesithathu yobude bawo, angaphansi kokunciphisa.
Indlela yokusakazwa ngayo i-yoshtu
Njengama-currants, i-yoshta inezinketho eziningana zokusakazwa kwemifino, okusho ukuthi wonke umuntu ongadini angakwazi ukukhetha ukhetho olufanele kakhulu kuye. Kuyakuba yini (ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla noma ukutshala isitshalo ngokubeka) - kuphela onquma, kodwa kunoma yikuphi okudingekile ukucabangela izici zendlela ngayinye.
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Lolu khetho lokuzalanisa lusetshenziswa ekwindla kanye kuphela lapho isihlahla sidinga ukutshalwe kabusha. Kulesi simo, ukukhiqizwa nokutshala izitshalo kuhlinzekela lezi zenzo ezilandelayo: uma sezikhulile isihlahla, izimpande zawo zihlanzwa ngokunamathela enhlabathini futhi zihlukaniswe izingxenye ngommese obukhali noma i-pruner. Ngamunye wabo kufanele athuthukise izimpande namahlumela amaningana aqinile. Ngezinhloso zangasese, izindawo zokusika ziphathwa ngelahle elichotshoziwe, emva kwalokho izingxenye ezitholiwe zihlezi ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Ukukhethwa kwamasimu nokulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala kwenziwa ngokusho kwemithetho echazwe ngaphambili.
Cuttings
U-Yoshta ukuxhunyelela entwasahlobo unamakhetho amabili okusetshenziswa: usebenzisa izitshalo eziluhlaza noma ngezinsimbi zezitshalo ezinemizuzu emibili. Esikhathini esilandelayo, amahlumela avuthiwe aneminyaka emibili kuya kwemibili akhethwe ukuthenga impahla. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngesikhathi sekwindla (engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptember), ngoba kulokhu, izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ukuvuthwa komzimba ziyoba nesikhathi sokuhlala phansi nokugubha ngokweqile, futhi entwasahlobo bazokhula ndawonye. Kuthathwe ku-shrub womama wengxenye yehlumela kufanele kube nama-buddha angu-5-6 bese ufinyelela ku-20 cm ubude.
Kubalulekile! Iphosi lokudubula elingavuthiwe alifanelekile ukukhula kwe-rooting uma usebenzisa izicutheka zemi-semiody.
Izingxenye ezitholakalayo ze-yoshta zitshalwe enhlabathini evuliwe engxenyeni ye-45 º, ehamba ibanga elingama-60-70 cm. Kuphela amafihlethi amabili kufanele ahlale ngaphansi komhlaba. Njengokutshala okuvamile, izwe elizungeze isithombo selincane, litheleka futhi lihlanganiswe ne-peat. Ngokuqondene nokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okwedlulele, kulokhu, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusika ama-apical, okungama-10-15 cm ubude, kuyafaneleka kangcono.. Wonke amaqabunga aphansi asusiwe kubo, futhi okuphezulu kuncishiswe yi-third of length. 
Ukusika okunjalo kungatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kulo lonke ihlobo (kusukela ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba), kodwa ukushisa okushisa kubalulekile. Ukusikeka okukhanyayo kwenziwa ngenhla kwezinso zonke ze-cuttings, emva kwalokho izingxenye eziphansi zifakwa kwisisombululo sempande futhi zishiye kuwo amahora angu-12. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ama-cuttings athathwa, ahlanzwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi atshalwe endlini yokushisa eyakhiwe eduze komunye umgwaqo we-45 º. Manje kusele nje ukuthululela izithombo ngesihlungo esihle futhi simboze ngesembozo esifikile. Phakathi komngcele wekhava kanye ne-cuttings ngokwabo, isikhala okungenani esingu-15-20 cm kufanele sigcinwe.
Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokufika kwekhava asikwazi ukuphakanyiswa. Umoya omusha kanye nokushisa kwe-+20 ºC kufanele kugcinwe ku-greenhouse, kodwa ngokushesha nje uma leli xabiso lifinyelela + ku-25 ºC, isembozo siphakanyisiwe ukuze siphume umoya. Uma zonke izincomo zilandelwa, i-yoshta izothatha izimpande zingakapheli amasonto ama-3-4, futhi kuzokwazi ukuqhubeka nokulungisa izinqubo ngokususa nsuku zonke isembozo kusuka kubamba lokushisa nokukhulisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Uma nje ama-cuttings eqiniswa kahle - ikhava isusiwe ngokuphelele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokusinda kwezicucu eziluhlaza liphakeme kakhulu kunezingxenye ezinama-semi-lignified of the shoot, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo lokukhiqiza kungcono.
Ukubeka
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Yoshta kwenziwa ngokusaqala kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho inhlabathi ivuselela kancane. Ukuze uqaphele lolu hlelo, kudingeka ukhethe amahlumela aminyaka yonke noma ama-biennial athuthukile kahle, uwabeke ezindaweni ezijulile ezingaba ngu-10 cm ojulile olungiselelwe kusengaphambili enhlabathini ekhululiwe futhi uqine ngezinsimbi zensimbi. Iziqongo ezisehla ngaphezu komhlaba zikhonjiwe futhi zifafazwe nenhlabathi evundile. Lapho nje ama-cuttings avela ehlumela ngokuphakama kwe-10-12 cm, kufanele afafaze umhlaba abe yingxenye. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu, ukuqhuma komhlaba kuphindaphinda ngokuphakama okufanayo, futhi ekwindla (noma ngisho nangcono kakhulu entwasahlobo elandelayo), ama-cuttings aqanjiwe ahlukanisiwe futhi atshalwe endaweni enomphela. Ngaphezu kwe-otvodkov enezingqimba, ukukhiqizwa kwe-yoshta nakho kungasebenzisa i-arc noma izinguqulo eziqondile zendlela.
Yoshta Ukuvuna
Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwamajikijolo ka-yoshta kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili, futhi isisindo ngasinye sasihluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-7 amagremu. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi amajikijolo aqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlala isikhathi eside esihlahleni. 
Nokho, njengoba kungenzeka, ukuvunwa kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi lapho i-yoshta ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Izithelo ze-shrub zisetshenziselwa kokubili futhi ngemuva kokucubungula zibe yi-jam, iziphuzo zezithelo, i-compotes, i-jam, i-jelly, i-jam, njll. Kuye ngezimo zezulu nezinga lokuvuthwa, amajikijolo e-yoshta angaba omuncu-amnandi, amnandi noma amuncu kakhulu. Njengoba unqume ukutshala i-yoshta esiqhingini sakho, uzoqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi yisitshalo esiyingqayizivele ngempela esihlanganisa zonke izimfanelo ezinhle zama-currants nama-gooseberries.
