Amakhiwane - isidlo esithandayo samazinyo amaningi amnandi. Kithina, lokhu kuyisithelo esiyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke kaningi ayitholakali esisha, kodwa omisiwe noma enye ifomu esetshenzisiwe. Kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo zamakhiwane ezikhula futhi zithele izithelo ngisho nasezikhungweni, futhi zingabajabulisa abalandeli bobabili amaswidi nama-flora ekhaya.
Incazelo
Amakhiwane, noma amakhiwane, umkhiwane, umkhiwane - isihlahla esinqumayo semifula esinezihlahla ezinomhlanga ogcweleyo kanye namaqabunga amakhulu amakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, ikhula ibe ngu-10 m futhi iphila iminyaka engaba ngu-300. Kukhona izihlahla zesilisa nabesifazane: i-inflorescences yamadoda ibizwa ngokuthi i-kaprifigi, abesifazane bayamakhiwane. Ekubukeni, ama-inflorescences afana, kodwa amakhiwane (abesifazana) kuphela aphenduka izithelo. Ukutshala impova kwenziwa kuphela yi-wasp-blastophagous encane. Kuzo zimbobo ezihloswe ezincane ze-inflorescences. Izihlahla nazo zisiza ama-wasps ukuba aphindwe. 
Isithelo somkhiwane siyisigwegwe, sithande futhi sinamanzi, sinembewu eminingi ngaphakathi. Kukholelwa ukuthi imbewu eningi ngaphakathi (ngaphezu kuka-900), ngcono futhi ithenda ngaphezulu izithelo. Lesi sithelo somile, sikheniwe, umqubu ulungiselelwe kuwo, futhi iwayini lenziwa (amakhiwane abizwa ngokuthi amawayini wewayini).
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungoma kanjani: ama-apula, ama-plums, amapheya nama-apricot.
Ngenxa yempahla yamakhemikhali ecebile, amakhiwane anenzuzo eminingi yezempilo. Ziyingxenye yezinye izidakamizwa. Zisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo eziningi, ngisho nomdlavuza esiteji sokuqala. Ukuphulukisa nakho kuyimbewu, amaqabunga kanye noswa lomuthi. Amakhiwane aphezulu kakhulu kilojoule, ikakhulukazi omisiwe, futhi anelisa kakhulu indlala. Bashintshela ushokoledi noswidi. Akumangalisi ukuthi uCleopatra odumile wayethanda amakhiwane ngaphezu kwamanye amaswidi.
Endle, umkhiwane ukhula emazweni afudumele ngesimo sezulu eshisayo: eMedithera, e-Asia Minor, e-India, e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, e-Georgia, e-Armenia, e-Azerbaijan, ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama lwaseCrimea naseCaucasus. Izinhlobo ezinamakhaza ezingakwazi ukukhula ezindaweni ezibandayo sezivele zakhiwe.
Uyazi? Umkhiwane unezihlobo - i-ficus yasendlini nomamithabhele. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bazama ukuwela umkhiwane oshisa ukushisa ngama-mulberry emanzini. Lokhu kwenzeke ngawo-1950, lapho i-hybrid eyakhiwe eCrimea ithola isithwathwa se--20 ° C.
Izimo zangaphandle noma izimo zasemakhaya?
Ukuze unqume ukuthi uzotshalaphi umkhiwane, endaweni evulekile emgwaqweni noma embizeni efulethini, udinga ukucabangela izici zendawo yezulu nezindlela amakhiwane akhula ngayo. Nakuba kuyisitshalo esithisa ukushisa, ezinye zezilwane zimelana namaqhwa anamandla. Isihlahla singabanda, kepha entwasahlobo sizohamba futhi sinikeze izithelo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, umkhiwane uveza izithelo cishe unyaka wonke: entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Enyakatho isifunda, esifushane isizini efudumele, ngenxa yalokho izithelo asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa. 
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, kungcono ukukhulisa umkhiwane, uma kungenjalo efulethini, khona-ke kubamba ukushisa, endaweni enamakhaza noma i-loggia (kufudumala khona kunaphandle). Uma umuthi ungakhuli emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa embizeni, ungathathwa ungene emgwaqweni ehlobo, futhi ungeniswe ekamelweni ebusika. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, amakhiwane akhula ngokuphepha emhlabathini ovulekile futhi akadingi izimo ezikhethekile.
Kubalulekile! E-Ukraine, isimo sezulu siphumelele ekukhuleni amakhiwane endle, kepha ebusika, kusadingeka ukuba zivikeleke eqhweni.
Izinhlobo zokulima ekhaya
Amakhiwane angaphandle afana nezihlobo zawo - i-ficus, isitshalo esilula futhi esincane esiphakeme ngamamitha angu-2-3. Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zasendle, amakhiwane angaphakathi angadingi izinsizakalo ze-blastophage, njengoba zizitholela impova futhi zinikeza izithelo ezihlwabusayo ngisho nasendlini. Amakhiwane - isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, okukhulayo ekhaya akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Iyakuthanda ukufudumala, kodwa futhi ihlala ipholile. Efulethini ehlobo, kungcono ukubeka ibhodlela ngefasitela ngasempumalanga, futhi ebusika - ngakwesokunene. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhiwane ezihlukahlukene.
Sochi 7 noSochi 8
Njengoba igama lisho ukuthi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zamakhiwane zidalwa edolobheni laseSochi futhi zibe nezici ezifanayo. Ngaphandle kwempova yokufakelwa, izithelo zithela kanye ngonyaka futhi zinike izithelo ezinomsoco ezinomuthi olinganiselwa ku-60 g. Kunconywa ukukhula endlini. 
Dalmatika
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ziletha isivuno kabili ngonyaka, ehlobo nasekwindla, kungekho lutho ngaphandle kwe-caprice. Izithelo ziluhlaza okomvu obomvu, ezinkulu, kufika ku-130 g, ngokuvuna kokuqala zikhulu kunaleyo. 
I-white adriatic
Lolu hlobo lomkhiwane ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwehlobo luletha izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu zombala ophuzi ophuzi., Usayizi obuncane, obulinganiselwa ku-60 g. Ihambisa ngempova yokufakelwa. 
Seyanetsogloblinsky
Izinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngokuthi usosayensi owazithela kwezinye izinhlobo zasemakhaya zamakhiwane. Ihlukaniswe ukuthi izithelo zivela kuwo ekwindla, ukukhula ebusika kuyayeka futhi izithelo zasebusika esihlahleni ezinamajikijolo amancane aluhlaza, kanti entwasahlobo zikhula futhi, futhi ehlobo isivuno sikulungele. 
Ukulima nokukhathalela
Ukukhulela umkhiwane efulethini kulula njengokuthi ficus. Imizamo emincane yokumnakekela iyokuvuza ngokuvuna okukhulu. Okokuqala kudingeka ufunde ukuthi kufanele ukhiqize kanjani amakhiwane, ukuze ekhaya uthathe izimpande kahle futhi ulethe izithelo ezihlwabusayo kabili ngonyaka.
Ukufika
Kunemithetho ethile yokutshala amakhiwane. Ukutshala kudinga ukwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokukhula okusebenzayo kuqale. Ingilazi yezimbewu noma imbiza encane yemifino (engaphezu kwengxenye yesigamu) kufanele igcwaliswe isanti nesiliva (1: 1) nge-substrate ngokungeziwe kwe-sphagnum. Futhi ungakwazi ukwengeza isihlabathi esiqhelile, umlotha omncane futhi uhlambe emhlabathini omile futhi uhlanganise. Izinto zokuqala zokutshala amakhiwane zingaba imbewu, izicucu kanye nezimpande ezimpande. 
Esidlweni esisodwa, ungahlwanyela imbewu encane, bese ukhetha ezinamandla kunabo bonke. Kwanele ukufafaza imbewu ngenhlabathi enomswakama, hhayi ukuhlanganiswa, bese uyihlanganisa ngilazi bese ushiya imfudumalo. Emasontweni ama-2-3 amahlumela ayokhuphuka. Ngemuva kokulinda amanye amaviki amahlanu, izithombo zingasetshenziswa kabusha. Amakhiwane atshalwe ngale ndlela azokhiqiza izithelo zokuqala emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngakho-ke ukukhula kwesihlahla ekhaya kusuka enzalweni kusetshenziselwa ukungabi khona kwezicucu.
Uma ihlumela livela empandeni, ingaba ngumuthi omusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uguqe phansi, ufafaze inhlabathi futhi uyivikele. Izimpande zizovela emasontweni angu-3-4, kanti imbewu isilungele ukutshala ebhodweni. Izinto ezivame ukutshala ziyakhiwa. Izihlahla ezitshalwe ngale ndlela zithela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela ezinye iziqondiso mayelana nendlela engcono yokukhulela amakhiwane kusuka ezicutsheni. Kumele kube okungenani amafihlethi 3-4. Kusukela phansi, kubalulekile ukwenza i-oblique cut 2 cm ngaphansi kwezinso zokugcina, kusuka phezulu - ukusika okuqondile 1 cm ngaphezu kweyokuqala. Ukusheshisa ukubukeka kwezimpande, amaqabunga anganqunywa futhi amancipho ambalwa ezansi kokusika, okuyobekwa emhlabathini. Kunconywa ukunciphisa i-oblique cut in the root, a stimulator yokwakheka izimpande, futhi ukucwilisa ukusika enhlabathini enomanzi on the second izinso eziphansi. Izwe kufanele livalwe futhi limboze ingilazi ngebhodlela lepulasitiki noma isikhwama esilula. Izimpande zizovela emavikini angaba ngu-3.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuvuselela okunjalo kwezimpande njenge: "Kornerost", "Chunky", "Etamon" ne "Hetero-Auxin".
Umhlaba
Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kufanele nakanjani ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi, ugcwalise phezulu ngenhlabathi. Ungasebenzisa umhlaba othengiwe uwuxube ngomlotha nasesihlabathini. Futhi ungathatha inhlabathi evamile kusuka engadini, ngokukhululekile wengeze umquba, isihlabathi kanye ne-perlite ukuthuthukisa ukungena kwamanzi. 
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhiwane kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokutshala: ukusika kanye nokukhula kwezimpande. Izinqubo ze-basal zomsuka zingaba noma kunini. Kodwa ukukhulela umkhiwane omusha kusuka kumbewu akunakwenzeka uma kuthathwe isithombo sembewu. Izitshalo zesifazane ziyakhula lapho. Uma kwakungekho muthi wesilisa, khona-ke impova ayizange ibe khona, futhi imbewu ayiyinyumba. Akukho okuzokhula kuzo.
Futhi ama-cuttings akhiqiza izihlahla ezifana nalezi: iplamu, thuja, ngesihlahla sase-spruce esibomvu, hawthorn,
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ungakhathalela kanjani amakhiwane ekhaya, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi umuthi uthanda ukushisa, ukukhanya nomswakama. Ukukhanyisa kwelanga nokushisa kwesimo sezulu (izinga lokushisa kwezinga elingaphakathi kwama-22-25 ° C) kuyadingeka ukuze kuvuthwe kahle izithelo nezimbali ngesikhathi esifanele. Izithelo zomkhiwane ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngoJuni no-Okthoba. Ngemva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo siveza amaqabunga ayo futhi "siphumula" ebusika ekushiseni okungekho ngaphezu kuka-10 ° C.
Ukunisela
Amakhiwane angaphakathi - isitshalo sesithelo. Ukuze angalahlekelwa leli khono, udinga ukuchelela okunezikhathi eziningi. Izitshalo ezindala zingakwazi ukubekezelela ikhefu elide ekutheni, kanti izihlahla ezincane ziyabhubhisa. Ebusika, ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubalulekile ukuphuza kancane. Into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba ebhodweni awumile. Uma ngalesi sikhathi esihlahleni amaqabunga asalokhu eluhlaza, udinga umise umhlabathi ukuze amaqabunga aphuzi bese ewa. Ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ukukhula kuqala futhi, futhi ukuchelela njalo kufanele kuqaliswe. 
Kubalulekile! Nakuba umkhiwane uthanda amanzi amaningi, i-waterlogging eqinile isongela ukubola izimpande.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Esikhathini sokubunjwa kwezimbali kanye nezithelo, umkhiwane udinga ukufaka umquba ngamakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-fruiting, kunconywa ukuba ukondle izikhathi eziningana ngama-fertilizer umanyolo (izihlahla zezithelo, utamatisi nezihlahla ezimbali). Ukondla ishidi nakho kulungile.
Ukudubula
Ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu akuyona nje ukubukeka kombukiso, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwesihlahla kanye ne-fruiting. Kudingekile ukususa wonke amagatsha awonakele, angena ngaphakathi naphakathi, kanye namahlumela amasha amasha. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Futhi ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika dormancy, zonke izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziyakunqunywa. Ukusika izihlahla kuhle kuhle kwesihlahla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Amakhiwane, ehlala ekhaya afudumele, adluliselwa ezinambuzane nezifo:
I-spider mite isakazeka ngokufudumele ekamelweni elifudumele nelomile lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba uphese umuthi ngamanzi abandayo nsuku zonke ngenhloso yokuvimbela. Uma usuvele uthintekile, khona-ke indawo ephoqelekile kufanele ihlanjululwe ngomswakama oqinile wamanzi abandayo, bese uphatha isiqu namagatsha ngenambuzane.
Ukubonakala kwe-Coral - isifo se-fungal, sivela ngesimo samachashazi abomvu esiteshini. Amabala amancane kufanele aqedwe futhi zonke izinkuni ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-Bordeaux ingxube. 
Uyazi? Umkhiwane ungumuthi owaziwayo ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokusho kweBhayibheli, kwakusuka emaqabeni akhe ukuthi u-Adamu no-Eva babezongela iziqu zabo.
Uma umkhiwane wangaphakathi uhlinzekwa ukunakekelwa okufanele ekhaya, khona-ke kubonakala kuhle, kunesithelo esiningi, futhi kuncane kakhulu ukugula.
