Ezindaweni zanamuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezitshalwe. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu owakwazi ukuhlala endaweni engadini engaba khona emhlabeni jikelele futhi abe yizinhlobo ezibonakalayo ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Esinye isitshalo esinjalo yi-Cascade Delight Raspberry ezihlukahlukene. I-Berry ingenye yemikhiqizo ephumelele kakhulu yesikole sesimanje sokuzalanisa, esiyiminyaka eyishumi embalwa isibe yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezithandayo abalimi abazimele kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokulima. Kodwa-ke, ngeshwa, abaningi bethu bayazi ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga ngempela ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo ne-high quality fruiting. Kulesi sihloko sizokwethula izimfihlo zokulimala okuyi-raspberry "Cascade Delight", nokuhlola ngokuningiliziwe i-agrotechnics yokulima kwayo.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Cascade Delight" ngumkhiqizo wokukhethwa kwe-American. Lesi sitshalo sakhulelwa eWashington (USA) ngesisekelo sesiteshi sokucwaninga sasePuileap ngokuwela ngqo izinhlobo ze-WSU 994 no-Chilliwack ngo-1989. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo okuphumelelayo kwezitshalo zomama kwenza kube lula ukuthola isiko elihle kakhulu lesithelo esivuna izithelo, esingahlonishwa nje ngokuvunwa okuphezulu, kodwa kunalokho kunezici zokunambitheka ezicebile.
Hlola izinhlobo ezinhle zokusajingijolo: I-Herideage, i-Barnaulskaya, i-Ispolin, i-Pride yaseRussia, iCanada, iKirzhach, i-Polka, i-Atlas, i-Cumberland, iTyberry ne-Karamelka .
Lesi sitshalo siyisihlahla eside esingafinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1 kuya kwangu-3. Ngayo yonke imigomo ye-agrotechnical, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole isitshalo esinamandla, kodwa esihlanganisiwe esinesiqondiso esingenqamula amahlumela. Ubuso bamagatsha bubushelelezi, inani lameva alincane. Izinga lokubunjwa kwembewu liphakathi, i-shrub inganikeza cishe ama-7-8 amahlumela okufaka endaweni. Amaqabunga e-"Cascade Delight" amancane futhi abubanzi, anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Amaqabunga atholakala kumahlumela ngamaqembu ezindiza eziyi-3, okwenza kube lula ukuthunta amajikijolo kusuka elangeni elidlulele. Uhlelo lwempande yehlathi luhlome kakhulu futhi luyisono, lusiza isitshalo ukuba silwe ngokuphepha nanoma yiziphi izinkathi ezimbi. 
Izimbali zezihlahla zigcwele, izimbali zincane, cishe 1 cm esigabeni esiphambene. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza okusebenzayo, ziqoqiwe emaceleni e-racemes avela emaqenjini amahlamvu noma emaqongweni amagatsha. Lesi sitshalo singokwezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala, ngakho-ke i-fruiting esebenzayo yama-raspberries emazingeni ahlanzekile ayenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, ezindaweni ezifudumele - engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni. Ukuvuna ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe, isikhathi sokuvuna izithelo singapheli izinsuku ezingu-21-24.
Ngemva kokutshala izihlahla ezivuthiwe zivuthiwe amajikijolo anamanzi anomsindo wezinhlanzi ezibomvu ezicebile. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ziyingcosana, izidakamizwa ezinomunyo, zihlanganiswa ndawonye endaweni ye-receptacle. Ukusajingijolo kufaneleka kokubili ukutshalwa kwama-amateur nochwepheshe ukuze kusetshenziswe ifomu eluhlaza, kanye nento eluhlaza yezo zonke izinhlobo zeziphuzo, imishayo, ukulondoloza, njll.
Uyazi? Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwesitshalo esinjengokusajingijolo, kutholakala emibhalweni yomlobi wasendulo waseRoma nomkhulumeli we-Cato the Elder, ovela emuva kwe-III yeminyaka eyi-BC. i-er
Izindawo eziyinhloko zamajikijolo ezikhulayo:
- I-Belarus;
- IBelgium;
- I-United Kingdom;
- I-Russia;
- I-United States;
- Ukraine
- isivuno esikhulu kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo;
- ukumelana kwamajikijolo ukuwa;
- ukufaneleka kwezithelo zokuvunwa kwemishini;
- ukwandisa izinga lokugcina isivuno;
- ukuhamba kahle kwamaberry;
- isethulo esihle kakhulu sesitshalo;
- ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwesitshalo ukuze i-anthracnose, impande yokubola nokubola kwegrey;
- ukumelana nesomiso kanye namaqhwa amakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu okusajingijolo kunamaphuzu akhe. Naphezu kokungaguquki kahle umbono omuhle mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo, kudinga ukwaziwa yilowo nalowo umlimi ozama ukukhulisa iCascade Delight esiqhingini sakhe. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- isidingo sezitshalo zobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokulima;
- ukuthuthukiswa okungalingani kwamahlumela ohlelweni lokukhula;
- ukuphikiswa okuncane kokuhlukahluka ukuya emanzini;
- Umbala ongalingani wamajikijolo (ezimweni ezingavamile).
- ikhono lokukhiqiza isivuno esiphezulu isikhathi esincane;
- izithelo ezinkulu kunezinhlobo ezihlobene (15-20%);
- izithelo zihlukile uma kubhekiswa ukunambitheka nephunga;
- indawo ekhethekile yamaqabunga amahlumela (kusiza ukuvikela amajikijolo kusuka emisebeni yelanga eqinile);
- inombolo encane yamapiksi emahlumela, okusiza inqubo yokuvuna.
Izici zamajikijolo nokuvunwa
"Ukunciphisa Ukuzijabulisa" kubonakala ngesivuno esiphezulu. Ngenkathi yenkathi, ngokutshalwa kwezimboni, kungenzeka ukuqoqa izithelo ezifika ku-5 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zensimu, isivuno singakhuphuka sibe ngu-7 kg. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuqoqa amathani ama-20-25 amajikijolo avela ku-1 hektare ye-plantings. Izithelo ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu obukhulu, ngesikhathi esisodwa isisindo sebheyili eyodwa singaphakathi kuka-6-8 g. Ukuma kwesithelo kuhlotshaniswa, kancane kancane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo ezikhulayo zamajikijolo zikhuphuka kanjani zinambitheka ezigqamile futhi ezicebile. Zibonakaliswa yinyama elithambile, enamanzi futhi eqinile, enomunyu olinganiselayo kanye namazinga aphakeme aphezulu ushukela.
Uyazi? Naphezu kokuthi ama-raspberries ayaziwa kumaRoma asendulo namaGreki, aqala ukusebenzisa izithelo zawo kuphela ngekhulu le-IV, ngaphambi kokuba lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwe izinhloso zokwelapha kuphela.
Ukulima kwe-Agrotehnika nokunakekela ama-raspberries
Ezimweni eziningi, umlimi ohlakulela ukuhlukahluka kweCascade Delight akafani neze nokuhlakulela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo. Nokho, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, le okusajingijolo inezici zayo kanye nezimfihlo zokulima kwayo, okuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ephezulu kanye nezithelo eziphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa okuqinile kwezo zonke izindlela ze-agrotechnical zokutshala izitshalo kuzoguqula le nqubo hhayi kuphela emisebenzini enenzuzo, kodwa futhi elula. 
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Ukusajingijolo kungenye yezitshalo ezingenakuzithoba, ngakho-ke ngisho nezithombo ezibuthakathaka ziyakwazi ukuqhuma kahle. Noma kunjalo, ngokusebenza, konke akuyona into enhle kakhulu. Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha sijabule nezithelo zawo, izinto zokutshala eziphakeme kuphela kufanele zikhethwe ngokutshala. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezithombo kufanele kuhanjiswe ngokucophelela okukhethekile.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezibomvu zokusajingijolo, ama-raspberries aphuzi nabomnyama atholakale nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngezakhiwo eziningi ezizuzisayo.
Izici eziyinhloko zezithombo zekhwalithi:
- ubude obufanele bendawo (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-15-20 cm ukuphakama);
- iziqu eziningana ezigcwele ehlathini elilodwa;
- ngaphansi kwesitshalo kumele kube okungenani amahlumela amathathu asebenzayo, ngoba avela kubo ukuthi amahlumela amancane ayokhula, lapho isivuno sizovuthwa khona;
- uhlelo lwempande nolunezinamandla ezinezimpande ezimanzi nezokunwebeka, ngaphandle kokulimala.
Lapho ukhetha izithombo kufanele futhi uqaphele izimo zokugcina zokutshala, ngoba lesi sici sithinta ngokuqondile ukuqina kwezithombo. Izitshalo kumele zigcinwe zipholile futhi zilondolozwe ngokugcwele elangeni eliqondile. Akuvumelekile ukugcina izitshalo ngezikhwama zepulasitiki nezikhwama. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhumeni nokubola kwesimiso sabo, okuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwezithombo ensimini.
Kubalulekile! Ukuthola ukutshala izinto ezimakethe zemvelo akukhuthazwa. Izithombo ezinjalo kaningi azidingeki ukuhlanzeka, ngakho-ke impahla yekhwalithi kufanele ilashwe kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Kungcono kakhulu ukuthutha izithombo ngendlela engavamile, i-cotton indwangu, eyokwenza izitshalo zibe nomswakama okudingekayo nokufinyelela kwe-oxygen. Kodwa uma kuthunyelwa izithombo ngamabanga amancane, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki zokupakisha kusavunyelwe, futhi isitshalo kufanele sinikezwe umoya omuhle. Emva kokuthenga, izithombo zifakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile zingakapheli amahora angu-24, uma kunesidingo, le nqubo ingahle ibambezeleke izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu, izithombo zidinga ukungcwatshwa kancane emhlabathini futhi ziphuze kakhulu. 
Izimo zokuboshwa
I-raspberry inomuzwa omuhle kakhulu lapho ilanga, izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, kude nemidwebo. Kulesi simo, isitshalo sidinga umoya wokuphuza umoya, ngakho kufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile. Okuhamba phambili kuzo zonke izihlahla zizozizwa ngaseceleni noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga-ntshonalanga kwesayithi ngecingo eliphansi. Kulokhu, izihlahla zizovikelwa ngokukhululekile emimoyeni ebandayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi isimo sezulu esifundeni.
Ama-Raspberries atshalwe emigqeni eqinile ebangeni lika 2.5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Uma ukhula emasimini amancane naphakathi, ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo ezilandelanayo akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-1-1.5 m, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimboni kwezitshalo kungancishiswa kube yi-0.7 m. Izitshalo zihlwanyelwe emigodini ehlukene emhlabathini owakulungisiwe ngaphambili.
Ama-shrub kumele anqunyelwe kunoma yiziphi izitshalo zezithelo, njengoba ukusondelana kwezitshalo zezithelo kungathinta kakhulu ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kwama raspberries. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kude no-1 wemitha ezihlahleni, udinga ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukutshala kwanoma yikuphi izitshalo ezitshalwe, udale indawo encane yokuguquguquka kusuka ebusweni bomhlaba noma utshani obuntshani. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukusika utshani ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ugweme ukucindezelwa kokukhula kanye nomsebenzi obalulekile we-shrub. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okusajingijolo kusabela ngokuqinile ekutheni uphinde ukhulule inhlabathi engaphansi kwehlathi. Le ndlela ye-agrotechnical ifaka isandla ekugcululeni umhlabathi nge-oksijeni, futhi yenza kube lula ukunciphisa inani lezitshalo eziphilayo. Isikhathi sokuqala ukukhula nokusikhulula senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bese inqubo yenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kuyadingeka, kodwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngenyanga.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Ukuhlakulela ukuhlukahluka kufanele kube emhlabathini ovundile, ovuthiwe kahle, ngakho-ke, ukukhula kwezihlahla ezinobumba obumpofu, i-loamy ne-sandy ezingakalungi akukhuthazwa. Yingakho ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kufanele ikhule. Inqubo iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, emva kokuqhaqhazela okuphelele kwamanzi aqhakazile kusuka kusayithi.
Ukuze ucebise inhlabathi futhi ukondle izitshalo, sebenzisa imifino ephilayo: utshani, amajuba ama-droppings, ama-droppings ama-Florex ama-granulated ama-droppings, i-bone meal, i-fish meal, i-whey, ama-mbatata ikhasi, umquba, ama-eggshell, umquba we-banana kanye nokuthuza ugwayi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-humus noma umquba womhlaba afakwa enhlabathini ngesilinganiso esingu-5-7 kg / sq m. Uma kunesidingo, umquba ophilayo uhlanganiswa nesihlabathi ku-2: 1 isilinganiso sokuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwamanzi. Isayithi kufanele ligcwale ngamanyolo amaminerali. Okuhle kunakho konke, i-superphosphate (90 g / sq m) ngokufakwa kwe-potassium sulphate (70 g / sq m) ifanelekile kulezi zinhloso. Uma isayithi lakho lingadingi umanyolo owengeziwe, lingasetshenzwa ngomlotha olula (0.5 kg / sq. M.), Kuzosiza ukunikeza amajikijolo ukunambitheka okunomsoco nephunga elimnandi. 
I-shrub ayibekezelelisi inhlabathi eyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola indawo yokutshala amazinga e-acidity usebenzisa izinkomba zegadi ezikhethekile. I-pH enhle kufanele ibe ngo-6-7.5. Uma kwenzeka umhlabathi ogcwele ngokweqile, le ndawo kufanele ibe ne-alkalized. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ufulawa wama dolomite noma i-hydrated lime (0.5 kg / sq. M.) Ufakwa emhlabathini, emva kwalokho isayithi lokufika lihlelwa ngokucophelela. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekezelelana kwesomiso, kunconywa ukutshala ama-raspberries kuphela ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphakeme angaphansi komhlaba, okungafanele ukuthi abe ngaphansi kuka-0.8-1 m kusuka emigqeni enhlabathi engenhla.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala umhlabathi nge peat akuvumelekile, njengoba kungabangela acidification ezibalulekile zenhlabathi.
Ukugqoka okungeziwe ngaphezulu kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kuye ngokuthi inkathi ekhulayo. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokubhakabhaka okusebenzayo, izitshalo zidinga ukondla okuphilayo, ngakho-ke zihlanjululwa ngesisombululo se-aqueous of manure (1:10) noma ama-drop droppings (1:20). Ungakwazi ukuthatha indawo engokwemvelo ngokusiza komanyolo obunzima we-mineral Kemira (3 wezipuni l / 10 amalitha amanzi) noma okufanayo. 
Ngemuva kokuba fruiting ama-raspberries angadliwa ngokhuni ash, ngokubala kuka 2 kg / sq.m. Kuzosiza isihlahla ukuba sondle i-potassium, okuyinto ngonyaka ozayo uyoba nomthelela omuhle kwizimpawu zokunambitheka zamajikijolo. Ekwindla, izihlahla kumele ziphile nge nitroammofosca ngokubala kuka 200 g / m2. isakhiwo.
Ukunisela nokuswakama
Ukuchelela njalo futhi okunamandla kuyisimo esiyinhloko sokutshala ama-raspberries enempilo nangemifuno. Ukuntuleka komswakama kungabangela ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesihlahla, okuzokwenza ukuthi kuthinteke ukukhiqiza. Ukuphulwa kombuso wamanzi nakho kungabangela ukulimaza kwesitshalo, kanye nokunciphisa izici ezinambitheka amajikijolo, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kumele kuhanjiswe ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Kodwa, naphezu kokuthanda kwendawo yonke yama-raspberries ngamanzi, akusizi ngalutho ukuphindaphinda umhlabathi, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lubole futhi amahlathi afe.
Kungcono ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlwanyela ukulima, kepha ukuchelela okuningi ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inhlabathi kufanele inganisela ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga, kanti umswakama omkhulu kufanele ugcwale ungqimba okungenani u-30-35 cm ubukhulu. Inani lamanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela kufanele likhethwe ngokuqinile ngesisekelo se-30 l / sqm. plantings. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukuthi kuphuze i-shrub kusihlwa, njengoba nje kule nkathi amanzi azokwazi ukungena emhlabathini ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. 
Uhlobo lokushisa
Ukusajingijolo kuyindawo yokuhlala yendabuko yezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esisesenyakatho nesesimo sezulu. Kodwa ukuze i-shrub ikhiqize futhi ithwale izithelo, kufanele ikhule kuphela kulezo zifunda lapho inani lokushisa okusebenzayo phakathi nenkathi kufinyelela okungenani +1200 ° C. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo, isiko kufanele sibe sezingeni lokushisa elingelona eliphansi kunezingu-20 ... +25 ° С.
Lesi sitshalo simelana nama-frosts, kodwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke ngaphansi kwe -25 ° C, kukhona ukulimala kancane kancane kumahlumela we-shrub, kanye nesistimu yayo yezimpande. Yingakho, ngaphambi kokuqala ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni eziphethe ikhava encane, i-shrub idinga indawo yokukhosela efanelekayo.
Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala
Izithombo zokusajingijolo zingagxila cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa kungcono ukukhetha intwasahlobo ngalokhu uma izinga lokushisa lokushisa nsuku zonke lizoba cishe ngo-10 ° C. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ama-raspberries atshalwe ngokulandelana emhlabathini owakhiwe ngaphambilini futhi ophawulwe. Imbewu ngayinye itshalwe emgodini ohlukile ngokujulile okungaba ngu-30-50 cm nobubanzi obungaba ngu-50-60 cm (kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bomsuka). Uhlelo lwempande ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele lugcwalise umgodi ngokulinganayo.
Uma ufuna ama-raspberry amahlumela ukuze akhule futhi athuthuke kahle, funda ukutshala ama-raspberries ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukukhula kwezithombo emgodini kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ubuthongo obuncane be-humus noma utshani, futhi uwuthulule kakhulu. Ukuze ugcwalise inhlabathi isimiso sezimpande sidinga ukuba kancane kancane, sigweme ukuhlanganiswa ngokweqile. Emva kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zihlale zigawulwe 2-3 cm ngaphezu kweBug Bud last. Le nqubo yinto ebalulekile ekukhuleni okusheshayo kokutshala, ngoba izihlahla zithonya elihle emsebenzini wezithombo.
Kubalulekile! Uma uhlwanyela ama-raspberries, kufanele nakanjani uqaphele izinga lezinso ezithathelwanayo, kufanele kube ukuphakama okungaba ngu-3-4 cm ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.Ngemuva kokuthi konke kusetshenziswe, inhlabathi kumele iphuze, bese iphinda inqubo ngosuku olulandelayo (ukuphuza okuqhubekayo kwenziwa njengoba kudingekile). Ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo, kunconywa ukuba unikeze i-garter kwisibhakabhaka. Ukwenza lokhu, kulo lonke umugqa, kubalulekile ukuxubha ucingo lwensimbi mayelana nobubanzi obuyi-0.5 cm ekuphakameni kwe-1-1.5 m ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Uma isihlahla sesifinyelele ekuphakameni okudingekayo, ucingo luyoba isakhiwo esisekelekayo salo.
Ukudubula
Ukuze uthuthukise ukubukeka kwe-esthétique, futhi ukwandise isivuno semifula, ama-raspberries adinga ukusika izikhathi ezithile. Omunye wenza kube lula ukugwema ukuqina kwezimila, okuthinta ngokuqondile ubukhulu bamajikijolo, kanye nokunambitheka kwabo. Ukuqala kwezihlahla eziqalayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, emva kokuphuma kwesayithi lesembozo seqhwa. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokusika izihlahla:
- Owokuqala ukuqeda abafile futhi abonakaliswe ngesikhathi amahlumela ebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, unqume ngokuphelele izingxenye ezifile zesitshalo, kuze kube yizinso zokuqala eziphilayo. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kwezinso, kubalulekile ukushiya i-penechki encane ngokuphakama cishe ngo-2-3 cm.
- Ngemuva kokusika izihlahla ezihlanzekile kuqhubeke ukuhlanza okuyinhloko ehlathini. Ihlanganisa ekunciphiseni i-shrub ngokususa amahlumela endala (iminyaka emithathu). Inani elihle lamagatsha esihlahleni akufanele lidlule u-7-10, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela amancane kufanele ahlulwe.
- Ukunciphisa amathiphu amahlumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziqongo zegatsha ngalinye zifinyezwa ngu-15-20 cm (35-40 cm esimweni sesihlahla esikhulile). Ngenkambiso eyenziwe kahle, ngesikhathi sokuvuna okusebenzayo, ihlumela ngalinye elincintisiwe lizoveza amagatsha amahlanu athela izithelo cishe ubude obuyi-50 cm.
Izincomo eziyisisekelo zenqubo:
- Ukuhlanza ama-raspberries kungcono kakhulu okwenziwe ngosuku olomile, olushisayo nolushushu, lokhu kuzosiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokuphulukisa isilonda;
- ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ngommese noma emasimini engadini ekhoneni lika-45 °, i-bevel ehlathini;
- Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwesitshalo ngefungeni le-pathogenic, zonke izinsimbi kumele zifakwe i-disinfected. Ukwenza lokhu, isilondolozi sihlanjululwe kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho sinyanyiswe imizuzu engu-10 kwisisombululo se-70% sokunxila noma isisombululo sika-0.5% se-peroxide;
- Amanxeba adinga ukuphathwa ngekhambi le-copper sulfate, lizovikela izihlahla ezifweni ezithathelwanayo;
- Ngemuva kokucubungula ama-raspberries, udinga ukuyibopha nge-string ukuze uxhaswe ngecingo.
Kubalulekile! Ungakhohlwa ngezihlahla zasehlobo. Ama-raspberries adinga ukunakekelwa njalo, ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi zithele izithelo ngokuphepha, phakathi nonyaka wonke, amagatsha amagatsha abonakalayo kanye nalabo abathintekayo yizo zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezifuywayo ze-pathogenic kumele zinqunywe.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo nezincomo
Naphezu kokuthi i-raspberries ingenye yezakhamuzi zendabuko eziqhingini ezisenyakatho nezizungezile, lesi sitshalo singamasiko angenakuqhathaniswa. Yingakho abaqalayo abaningi nabalimi abanolwazi babhekana nobunzima obuningi ngenkathi behlalwa yizinhlobo zezilwane, okubangelwa izici zokuphila zesibhakabhaka. Okuvamile phakathi kwazo yizinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhluma amahlumela namaqabunga;
- isivuno esincane;
- izinhlobo zokulahla.
Inkinga yokutshala amahlumela bese ushiya ehlathini okusajingijolo itholakala kuzo zonke izivande, njengoba kungaba khona izizathu eziningi zalolu hlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa ngokuvamile isitshalo esibizayo sibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungalungile kwe-plantings, okuholela ekuphukeni kwezimo zamanzi-inhlabathi, kanye ne-microclimate edingekayo.
Raspberries - isitolo sangempela samavithamini empilweni yethu. Funda mayelana nezakhiwo zokuphulukisa nokusetshenziswa kwama-raspberries.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo sakha izinqubo zemvelo zokubhujiswa kwezicubu, ekugcineni okuholela ekufeni kwayo. Kungabangela nokunciphisa ekukhuselweni kwezitshalo, okungaqiniseki ukuthi kuholela ekunqothulweni kwesihlahla ngama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene. U-Wilting angabuye abe nemvelo enamandla, kodwa ekugcineni, isizathu salokhu namanje asihambisani ne-agrotechnology jikelele yokulima isivuno.
Izithelo eziphansi zingaba nezimbangela eziningana. Ngokuvuthiwe, kuvuna okuncane kakhulu lapho imithetho ejwayelekile yokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ingabonwa (ukusika, ukuchelela, ukudla, njll), futhi kuyisizathu sokuguga kwemvelo esihlahleni. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehla kokukhiqiza kwezinhlobonhlobo, kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile kuzo zonke izincomo ezingenhla zokunakekela izindawo zokusajingijolo. 
Ukuguqulwa okungafaniyo kungumphumela wezinqubo zemvelo eziphilayo ekuthuthukiseni izihlahla. Izimbangela zalesi sifo zingase zibe nesisindo esikhulu, kodwa ziwumphumela wokukhula kwe-monoculture kusayithi isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlakulela ama-raspberries ezweni, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka uhlelo ngokushintsha kancane kancane indawo yemibhede kusayithi.
Uyazi? Igama lesayensi lokusajingijolo (Rubus idaeus) lanikezwa esitshalweni ngumlobi wasendulo waseRoma uPliny the Elder ekhulwini lokuqala AD. i-er
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-Cascade Delight ezihlukahlukene ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, uma umthetho jikelele kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo akulandelwa, ama-raspberries angathinteka yizifo ezilandelayo:
- ramulariasis - Isifo esibangelwa yi-fungal esibangela izilonda ze-lamina neziqu. Kubangelwa isikhunta se-genus Ramularia.. Lesi sifo siholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamahlamvu nokufa kwamahlumela. I-Ramulariasis ibonakaliswa ngesimo sebala elimhlophe endaweni enkulu eluhlaza wama raspberries ezinamaqabunga amancane phakathi nendawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala ahlasela ngokuphelele iqabunga leqabunga, eliholela ekufeni kweqabunga. Ukulwa nalesi sifo ngokusitshala izitshalo ngesisombululo se-aqueous of sulfur colloidal (50 g / 10 l). Ukuvimbela ukugula, ukuhlwanyela kumele kuhlaziywe ngezikhathi ezithile nanoma iyiphi i-fungicide eyinkimbinkimbi (i-Fitosporin, iZircon, njll) noma ingxube yeBordeaux;
- ukugqwala - isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yi-fungal, esizibonakalisa ngesimo sama-tubercles amancane ase-orange. Kubangelwa izifungi ezihlukahlukene ze-Pucciniales oda. Ngokuthuthukiswa okujulile kwe-agent ye-causative, lesi sifo siholela ekufeni kwe-green mass esihlahleni, futhi futhi kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno saleso sitshalo. Balwa imfucuza nge-fungicides enzima (isisombululo se-2% se-Nitrafen, isisombululo se-1% se-DNOC, njll). Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fungicides efana ne-Fitosporin, i-Zircon, njll, noma i-Bordeaux liquid;
- i-powdery isikhutha - okuvame ukubonwa eshisayo, imbangela yesifo yi-fungi ectoparasitic yomyalelo wama-Erysiphales. Kubonisa isifo ngendlela ye-plaque emhlophe emaqabunga. Lesi sifo siholela ekwehleni kokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwama-raspberries, kanye nokudonswa kwe-lamina namahlumela amancane, okuthinta ngokuqondile isivuno se-shrub. Balwa ne-powdery isikhutha ngokuphatha izihlahla ezithintekile nge-Bordeaux liquid noma fungicides eziyinkimbinkimbi;
- kuhluma (ukungena) - isisulu se-raspberry virus, okuholela ekwakhekeni ehlathini lamashumela amaningi amade futhi amancane angakwazi ukuthela izithelo. Kubangelwa iqembu elihlukahlukene lezinkinga zegciwane le-pathogenic. Ngakho-ke, ukukhubazeka akuyona ingeniso yokwelapha, ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwayo, izihlahla ezithintekayo ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe. Izithwala ze-pathogen ziyizinambuzane ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke isilinganiso esikhulu sokuvimbela ukuhluma sinciphise ukulwa nabasakaza lesi sifo (izinambuzane ezinambuzane);
- i-curl yamaqabunga - Isifo segciwane esiholela ku-uncharacteristic sokusabalala okusajingijolo nokuqina kwamahlumela, kuyilapho amahlamvu ehlathini ehlehla futhi egoba phansi. Lokhu kuholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula nokuhluma izihlahla, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukufa kwesitshalo esithintekayo. Isizathu saleso sifo yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane le-pathogenic. Ngakho-ke, ukukhubazeka kungelapheki, ukuze ugweme ukufa kwendawo yonke, izihlahla ezithathelwanayo ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe. Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuvimbela i-curl ukuphatha ama-raspberries ngezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-aphid kuwo - isithwala senyama yesifo.
Thola ukuthi iziphi izifo ongase uzihlangabezane nazo ngenkathi ukhula ngama-raspberries.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imifino eluhlaza ingonakaliswa yizinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, okuyizona eziyingozi kakhulu phakathi kwazo:
- i-aphid - iqembu lezinambuzane zomndeni weHemiptera. Ukuphazamisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo, inambuzane ibangela amahlamvu ukuba aguquke futhi ashise, kanye namahlumela amancane, okunciphisa izinga nobuningi besitshalo. I-Aphid iyinambuzane encane yombala obala obala, cishe u-2-3 mm ubude. Ungakwazi ukuyiqaphela ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa okukhulu kwezinambuzane ezihlahleni eziluhlaza ezihlahleni. Ukulwa nezidakamizwa, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: "Aktara", "Confidor", "Karbofos", njll. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-aphid, izitshalo kufanele ziphathwe ngezikhathi ezithile nanoma yikuphi ukubulala izinambuzane eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi zihambisane ngokuqinile ne-agrotechnology yokukhulisa isivuno;
- isicabucabu - ukusondla inkathazo kusuka ku-suborder Prostigmata. Lezi zinambuzane ziyinkimbinkimbi yendabuko yama-raspberries nezinhlobo ezihlobene. Ngokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo komkhaza kubangelwa ukuhlunga amahlamvu, kanye nokufa kwe-green shrub. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubone inkathazo ngenxa yewebhu elimhlophe, lapho i-mite ifaka khona ingxenye engezansi yamapheshana. I-parasite iyinambuzane enemilenze eyisishiyagalombili enebude obungaphezulu kuka-0.5 mm, i-orange-yellow noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukubhubhisa izibungu zesicabucabu, izitshalo ziphathwa nge "Fitoverm", "Karbofos" noma izifaniso eziguquguqukayo. Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwezibungu zesicabucabu, umuntu kufanele alandele ngokucophelela i-agrotechnology yokulima isivuno;
- okusajingijolo gallitsa - izinambuzane ezincelisayo ezinamaphiko omndeni weCecidomyiidae. I-disest is a umiyane omncane owubude obungaba ngu-2 mm, nomthunzi omnyama omnyama omzimba. Izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezitshalweni ezincane noma iziqu, okwenza ukuba kuvezwe okuthile kwezinye izingxenye zamahlumela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umiyane uphatha ama-raspberries ngezibungu zawo, okuholela ekufeni nasekufeni kwezinxenye zezitshalo. Balwa nezinambuzane ngokubhubhisa izingxenye ezithintekile ezihlahleni. Ukuvimbela ukuthi izidakamizwa zingenzeki, i-agrotechnology yokutshala okusajingijolo kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela, futhi imifino kanye nama-raspberry kufanele ifakwe ngezikhathi ngezixazululo ngesisombululo se-30% seKarbofos;
- fly stem - I-Diptera izinambuzane ze-suborder Brachycera. I-parasite isakazwa kabanzi ezindaweni zomuntu ngabanye nasemasimini amakhulu amhlophe futhi iyimfucumfucu encane kuze kube ngu-6 mm ubude. Ngenxa ye-parasitism yayo, le nambuzane ibeka amaqanda ngezibungu ezakhiweni, okudala ukulimala amahlumela amancane nokucindezelwa kwe-shrub. Lwela inkathazo ngokukhipha izihlahla kanye nokubhujiswa kwezinxenye zezitshalo ezimile. Isilinganiso sokuvimbela izinambuzane sishaye ama-raspberries phakathi nenkathi yokuhluma ne-Iskra, Konfidor, Detsis noma imikhiqizo efanayo;
- ibhungane le-beetle - Coleoptera we-genre Byturus. I-disest is a bug encane nge-4 mm ubude, ehlanganiswe izinwele ezinhle zombala ophuzi noma ompunga. Ngesikhathi se-parasitization, i-beetle idla amaqabunga okusajingijolo, okunciphisa isivuno saso kanye nekhwalithi lamajikijolo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ibeka izibungu eziphazamisekile kwi-shrub. Balwa nezinambuzane ngokuzulazula izimbungulu ezihlahleni ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa okusajingijolo, kanye nokuphatha izitshalo kanye nenhlabathi eseduze ne-Iskra, i-Confidor, i-Decis, noma i-analogues. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zokulwa ne-beetle okusajingijolo zihlanganisa ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezihlahla ezinamagatsha anamanzi nezinambuzane eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokugcinwa kwemikhuba efanele yokulima yokutshala izitshalo;
- Imifino emabhajibusi (weevil) - izinambuzane ezingenamaphiko ze-Anthonomus. I-parasite iyinkimbinkimbi evamile yama-raspberries nezitshalo ezihlobene, okuyinto igciwane elimnyama elimnyama elilinganiselwa ku-3 mm ubude ne-proboscis ehlukile. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-bug idla amahlamvu amancane nama-anthers efihlekile, emva kwalokho ahlala ehlumela amaqanda lapho izimpungushe ezikhulayo zikhula khona. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno se-shrub nokucindezelwa kokukhula kwayo. Ukulwa nezinambuzane kunoma yikuphi ukubulala izinambuzane eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwegciwane, izihlahla zokusajingijolo kufanele zilandelwe ngokucophelela izindlela zonke zokunakekelwa kwe-agrotechnical, kanye nokwelashwa kokuvimbela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza neKarbofos, Iskra, Konfidor, Detsis noma okufanayo.
Uyazi? Umnikazi werekhodi wokukhiqiza ama-raspberries yiRussia, cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 zezithelo zawo asetshalwe minyaka yonke embusweni, okwenza cishe u-50% wemakethe yonke yemikhiqizo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Cascade Delight" ingenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ezinikezelayo futhi ezizuzisayo ngezinhlobo ezikhulayo zama raspberries. Inikeza isivuno esicebile, kanye namajikijolo aphezulu, ahluke ekuboniseni ukunambitheka. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi isitshalo esitshalwe, lokhu okusajingijolo kudinga ukunakekelwa njalo, kanye nokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo zokunakekelwa kwe-agrotechnical. Kuphela kuleli cala, i-jamu lokusajingijolo izojabula ngokuvuna iminyaka eminingi.
Ividiyo: Okusajingijolo "Kwenyuka Okujabulisayo"
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi mayelana nokusajingijolo "I-cascade ijabule"
