I-viticulture isatshalaliswa kakhulu emazweni aseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Eurasia. Amagilebhisi afakwa ekudleni kwethu okuvamile, okusetshenziselwa ukuba omisiwe, ujusi, ujamu, iwayini kanye nezinye iziphuzo. Amagilebhisi "Kuban" kubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zetafula, futhi uzizwa enhle endaweni yesimo sezulu esifudumele. Ngalokho-ke, abatshali ababelethi abahlala emazingeni ahlanzekile badinga ukwazi iimfanelo ezihlukahlukeneko nokulima.
Umlando wokuzalanisa nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo
I-Anapa Zonal Station yokuhlola ye-Viticulture neWinemaking ngenkathi umsebenzi wayo idale izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezisekelwe kahle: "Impulse", "Kadrinal", "Kuban", "Nadezhda Azos", "Thayipha Khadzhibey", "Fantasy". Izinhlobo zetafula ezibomvu-blue "Kuban" kanye ne "Nadezhda Azos" zadalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokugcina ngesisekelo sezinhlobo ze- "Moldova" kanye ne "Kardinal".
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, amagilebhisi ahlonywa e-Asia e-Iran nase-Afghanistan iminyaka engu-9000 edlule. AbaseGibhithe base bekwazi ukuthola izithelo zomvini newayini kulo. Futhi sihlakulele izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene eRoma lasendulo.
Izivini zokuqala eziseKrasnodar Territory esifundazweni sase-Anapa zazibekwa nguGeneral Pilenko ngo-1870. Abaphathi baqaphele ukuthi isimo sezulu sendawo sifana nesifundazwe saseFrance saseChampagne. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi izimo zezithelo zomvini zivuthiwe kakhulu. Waletha esifundeni ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi aseFrance (Sauvignon, Aligote, Chardonnay, Riesling) kanye nama-agronomists anganikeza izivini ngokunakekelwa kahle futhi aqinisekise ukuvunwa okuphezulu.
Ngo-1922, i-AES yasungulwa esifundeni futhi isebenza emkhakheni wokuzalanisa yayiqhutshelwa yisizukulwane esilandelayo sochwepheshe. Izinhlobo ezintsha zamagilebhisi ezitholakalayo esiteshini zazivezwa ngokumelene okuhle namaqhwa nezifo, izimfanelo ezinhle zokunambitheka kanye nokubonakala okumangalisayo kwamaqoqo.
Hlola izinhlobo zomvini ezivame kakhulu: "Buffet", "In Memory of Dombkovskaya", "Julian", "Cabernet Sauvignon", "Kishmish", "Ladies Fingers", "Nizina", "Gala", "Chardonnay" ne "Girl".Ama-berries amakhulu, ngokushesha isivinini sithengiswa emakethe, futhi intengo yayo iyanda kakhulu. Izinhlobo ze-Berries "Kuban" zinombala omnyama nesibhakabhaka, i-pulp enamahloni namanzi. Ukunambitheka kwabo kumnandi futhi kunomuncu. Isisindo ngasinye sisuka ku-10 g kuya ku-18 g. Isisindo seqembu sinama-1-1.5 kg. Lezi zimfanelo zenza ukuhlukahluka okudingekayo ukulima emapulazini angasese endaweni yeSoviet.
Ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi "Kuban"
"Kuban" iyinhlobonhlobo yetafula yokuvuthwa kokuqala. Eningizimu isilungele ukusetshenziswa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngaphandle kokufana kwangaphandle nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "Arcadia", "Kuban" ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "Black Arcadia". Igama elifanayo lezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala ezincwadini "i-Early Moldova".
Amahlumela atshalwe kude ku-2-3 m kusuka komunye nomunye, ukuze izingane zokutholwa zingaphazamisi izihlahla ezizungezile. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla kuphezulu. Igama lokuvuthwa lingu-120 izinsuku. Izandla ezivuthiwe azihlaselwa yi-wasps.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zezihlukahluka ubukhulu beqoqo (kufika ku-1.5 kg). Amaqoqo ahanjiswa kahle futhi agcinwe. Lapho ukuthutha amajikijolo akuphumi futhi angaphuli, bangakwazi ukugcina isimo esithengisa isikhathi eside. Izinhlobonhlobo zilula ukugcina, azidingi izimo ezithile zokukhula kwekhwalithi. 
Bush futhi uhlumela
Izihlahla ezinamandla okukhula okusheshayo nge-fruiting egcwele ezinyathelweni. Umthwalo esihlahleni 35-45 amahlumela. Izihlahla zibhekwa ngesiqu esinamandla namagatsha anamaqabunga ahlaza okukhanya okuphakathi. Kungakhula kahle ngisho nokuphuza okuncane.
Uyazi? Yonke isizwe sinomlando wayo ochaza umsuka wamagilebhisi. Inganekwane yasePheresiya inalo ukuthi amagilebhisi atholakala enyoni enhle ehlangulwa yinkosi evela enyoka. Ama-pips atshalwa futhi ahlwanyela isivuno samagilebhisi, lapho kutholakala khona ijusi.
Amaqoqo namajikijolo
Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kucebile, kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Okuqukethwe ushukela amajikijolo - 20%, i-asidi 5 g / l. Amajikijolo akhulu kakhulu, afana ne-oval-amaqanda, anesisindo esingaba ngu-10 g kuya ku-18 g. Inyama iyamanzi, inamathemba amakhulu. Ukunambitha ukuhlola izithelo ezivuthwe - amaphuzu angu-8.3. Isikhumba sincane, siyadla, siyiphunga. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-vitamin C. Isigaba esiphakathi sinciphisa cishe 1 kg. Isisindo esiphezulu se-shayela sifinyelela ku-1.5 kg. Ukuma kwe-bunch kuyadabuka, kubonisana nobukhulu obukhulu bamajikijolo. 
Imininingwane yeBanga
Izihlahla zitshalo kahle, zihlumela ezitshalweni esihlahleni kuze kube ngu-60%. Amaqoqo amakhulu asetshanini adinga ukuphuziswa nokudla kahle. Kunconywa ukuba ushiye entwasahlobo emahlathini 25-35 amehlo, ukuze ungadluli umvini. Ibekezelela amaqhwa kanye nobusika beqhwa ngomoya oshisa ngezansi -20 degrees. Ukuphikiswa kwezinambuzane kuphakathi. Naphezu kokumelana nesithwathwa, lezi ezihlukahlukene kufanele zihlanganiswe ebusika ukuze kugweme ukuqhwaza. Izinkinga ezikhethekile ezihlahleni eziveziwe zihanjiswa yi-thaws noma imvula eneqhwa elibukhali, ngenxa yalokho amafrimo akhiwe khona. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokukhosela iyadingeka ngokuqondile ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa kwezinso ngeqhwa.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi "Kuban"
Ukufika kufanele kukhanyiswe. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amagilebhisi akhula kakhulu emthunzini wezihlahla. Izihlahla azibekezeleli izakhi kanye nemimoya ebandayo. Ngakho-ke, ukufika kutholakale eceleni kwesakhiwo sezansi. Uma amagilebhisi atshalwa esakhiweni, khona-ke udinga ukukhetha indawo enqabeni. Umswakama owedlulele uqoqa ezindaweni eziphansi, okuholela ekuboleni izimpande futhi kwenza ukutshala ezindaweni ezinjalo kungenzeki.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala ebusika kungenzeka kuphela ngezinhlobo ezibandayo ezibandayo ezibhekana nokushisa kwama-degrees azungeze -26 futhi zinezinhlobo ezingafani. Isihlahla esinjalo kuphela singasinda ebusika ngesistimu yezimpande ezingakhiwe kahle.
Izinsuku zokufika
Ukutshala izithombo kufanele kwenziwe kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuAgasti. Ukutshala izitshalo kusiza amahlumela ukuba athathe izimpande futhi azivumelanise ngaphambi kokuqala kwasebusika. Ukutshala kwe-autumn kusetshenziswa ezihlahleni ezindala. Ukutshala kwenziwa ekuseni, amanzi angu-10 alithwa ngaphansi kwesithombo ngasinye. Isimo sezulu esisesibhakabhaka sinomusa kakhulu ukufika kunanoma yimuphi omunye. Uma ukutshala kuwela ngesikhathi esishisayo kakhulu - khona-ke isitshalo kumele siphuze kaningi, ukuze inhlabathi ingabe iyomile.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo zokutshala
Izithombo zemifino zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi no-Agasti. Noma kunjalo, kumele okungenani zibe nezimpande ezi-10 ubude futhi ama-1-2 amahlumela angaba ngu-20 cm ubude.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngamagilebhisi ngokunakekelwa kahle nangokucophelela. Hlola izici zokunakekela amagilebhisi kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa isakhiwo
Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala, isethi yezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo iyadingeka. Inhlabathi enomdinga idinga ukuhlanzwa ngehlabathi, i-humus kanye ne-compost. Ngaphansi komsele noma emgodini, bese uthela inhlabathi evundile ne-humus futhi emva kokutshala isihlahla, ulale ngendlala engaphezulu. 
Uyazi? Umlando wamaRoma uthi uBachus, lapho ethola umvini, wanquma ukutshala ezweni lakubo. Ukuze ahlalise isitshalo elangeni elishisayo, walitshala esitheni lesinyoni. Phakathi nohambo, lokho okwakuthola kwanda futhi uBaccus wafaka emathanjeni wengonyama, wangena emthanjeni wembongolo. Ngakho-ke manje, lapho umuntu ephuza ingilazi eyodwa yewayini - uhlabelela njengenyoni, kusuka ezibukweni ezimbili ziba namandla, njengengonyama, futhi ezibubukweni ezintathu ziphenduka imbongolo.Ezindaweni ezigcwele ukhula, kubalulekile ukufeza ukubhujiswa okuhleliwe kokhula (izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ngaphambi kokutshala) nganoma iyiphi indlela: amakhemikhali noma ama mechanical. Ngaphambi kobusika ungahlwanyela lwesinaphi endaweni yesithelo sevini esizayo, esivimbela ukhula.
Ethafeni, imigqa isethwe kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu ukuze kuhlinzeke ukukhanya kahle kwehlumela ngalinye. Emagqumeni asezintabeni, imigqa ihlelwe ngaphesheya kwegquma ukuze kulondolozwe kangcono inhlabathi ngesikhathi sezimvula nokukhuphuka kweqhwa. 
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo
Ububanzi bomsele wokutshala buyi-1-2 m. Ukujula kokutshala amahlathi kungu-0.5 m. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo lilinganiselwa ku-2 m. Le ibanga linikeza inqwaba ngayinye inani elidingekile lomoya nokukhanya.
Ama-fertilizer e-organic asetshenziswa ngesilinganiso sebhakethi elilodwa nge-1 sq.m. Uma ukufika kuqhutshwa emgodini, ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bube yi-0.8 m, ukujula akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.8 m. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-30-40 amalitha amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Kubalulekile! Ibanga elivela emvinini kuya emthonjeni oseduze kumele libe ngaphansi kwama-5 m. Lapho utshala eduze kwezakhiwo, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe kusukela ohlangothini oluseningizimu wesakhiwo okungenani u-2 m ukusuka kuso.
Izici ze-agrotechnology: indlela yokunakekela ibanga
"Kuban" yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezithandwa yilanga futhi zizokhula kahle ezindaweni ezisebusweni ezivikelekile emoyeni. Ukuze isivuno esiqinile, isihlahla kumele siphuze amanzi futhi sitshalwe.
Ukunisela ukupholisa amanzi okuphoqelelwe kwenziwa ekwindla, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ahlale ehlathini ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwenkathi ekhulayo kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka.
Ukunisela kanye nomanyolo
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomanyolo lapho utshala isivini:
- I-Organic: umquba kanye nokuqeda;
- amaminerali: superphosphate, usawoti we-potassium, umlotha wokhuni;
- i-nitric - ammonium nitrate, urea, izinyoni zezinyoni.
Ukuze ucebise inhlabathi futhi ukondle izitshalo, sebenzisa imifino ephilayo: utshani, amajuba ama-droppings, ama-droppings ama-Florex ama-granulated ama-droppings, i-bone meal, i-fish meal, i-whey, ama-mbatata ikhasi, umquba, ama-eggshell, umquba we-banana kanye nokuthuza ugwayi.
Umanyolo usetshenziselwa phansi komfula. Njengoba kunomswakama okwanele, umanyolo usetshenziselwa ngaphambi kokuchichima, emva kokusakaza ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. Qinisekisa ukusebenzisa umanyolo owenziweyo ekwindla (10-15 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye).Kubalulekile! Amakhomikhali e-Organic kudingeka asetshenziswe kanye eminyakeni emi-3. Zizosebenza kangcono uma uzenza ngendlela yokubola.Ukunisela kusetshenzwa kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla kunomkhuba we-100-150 amalitha ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye. Lokhu kunikeza umswakama ojwayelekile womhlabathi futhi kudala izimo zokuhluma okuhle.
Zijwayeze ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukuchelela kokunisela, futhi ufunde indlela yokuhlela uhlelo lokunisela ukuchelela e-dacha.
Ukudubula
Izihlahla ezithintekayo emva kokuvulwa ngokushesha ziboshwe ukwesekwa. Amahlumela ahlanganiswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukunikeza ukukhanyisa okuhle futhi avimbele ukutheleleka yi-fungi. Imicibisholo yezithelo izibopha ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ehlobo, izingane zokuzala ezingabhali, ezakhiwe emaqeleni e-leaf, zisuswe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izihlahla ezifanele kufanele kukwazi ukujwayela isihlahla somvini. Emikhondeni yehlathi, imivini yonyaka lapho amafindo okufaka khona ayakha khona. Amahlumela ngamachashazi asetshenziswayo ahlukaniswe amehlo angu-3-4, futhi imivini engu-1-2 ishiywe i-fruiting kuhlumela lehlumela. Ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga, ukusika izicucu kanye nokwelashwa okuvela ezinambuzane kwenziwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, isihlahla sifike ebusika. 
Ukuvikeleka ezinyoni nasezintweni
Akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo ezilimazwa ngokulinganayo ngama-wasps. Izinhlobonhlobo "Kuban" ziphikisana nalesi sici (ama-wasps awuhlaseli). Ukuvikela ngokumelene nezinambuzane (isps, midges), izikhwama ze-nylon noma ezinye izinto eziphathekayo, ezigqoke esigabeni ngasinye, zilungele ukusetshenziswa. Ukungahambi kwalendlela yokuvuna izivini ezinkulu kuyabonakala - kungenakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukufaka inombolo edingekayo yamasaka. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo izicupho ezihlukene zisetshenziswa.
Uyazi? Imifino ye-Wasp ayinamandla okwanele ukuluma amajikijolo, ngakho-ke ama-wasps athela kuphela amajikijolo asevele awonakele. Uma kukhona amajikijolo anjalo esiqenjini, kuzoba lula ukuwasusa futhi ungabheki izinambuzane.Umonakalo ongama-80% ngumsebenzi wezinyoni: ondlunkulu, izintathu kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zasemasimini. Ukuzivikela ngokumelene nabo, i-trellis inconywa ukumboza inetha lokudoba i-nylon. Ikhava kufanele ibe lapho ibherubi lingena esigabeni sokuvuthwa (cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna). Inetha lizovikela isivuno ngo-100%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvimbeli ukungena kwomoya nokukhanya.
Izikhwama zokuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nasezinyoniIndlela yokuvuna amagilebhisi nokuthi nini
Ukuvuna kufanele kube sezulu eshisayo. Amaqoqo kumele abe omile. Ngakho-ke, uma imvula, linda izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ukuze amagilebhisi ashise ngokuphelele. Ukuba khona komswakama kuyingozi ekuthinteni ukulondolozwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga lini. Amagilebhisi ahlungiwe awakwazi ukushiywa phansi kwelanga - i-berry iyancipha futhi lokhu kunciphisa ikhwalithi yabo yokugcina. Amaqoqo anqunywe yi-pruners. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesandla esisodwa ukusekela isigaba sesiqu. Awukwazi ukubamba i-bunch of berries: i-bunch ingahle ibonakale futhi ibonakale. Ukuze ubeke emabhokisini, khetha amaqoqo ahlangene, amajikijolo aphethwe kuwo anqunywe ngezikhali.
Uma ufuna i-winemaking yakho ukuletha umphumela olindelekile, thola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezifanele iwayini.
Indlela yokukhosela isihlahla ebusika
Ngemuva kokuqothula amahlathi bayakulungele ukuhlalisa ubusika. Isihlahla siboshwe nge-twine yokuhlanganiswa futhi sigqoke ngezinto zefilimu. Isisekelo sigcwele umhlaba phezulu (ungqimba ka-7-10 cm). Izinto zefilimu zivikela amagatsha ezinambuzane nomswakama, futhi umhlabathi uvimbela ukushisa.
Ukwazi imithetho elula yezivinini ezikhulayo, ungakwazi ukuqoqa isivuno esihle ngonyaka ukuze usebenzise futhi udayise. Into esemqoka ukubhekana ngokucophelela zonke izigaba zenqubo, bese umphumela uzokwedlula konke okulindelwe.
Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi aseKuban
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kunethiwekhi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi "Kuban"
