Umkhiwane, noma umkhiwane - isitshalo esiletha izithelo eziwusizo futhi esihlwabusayo, esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komuntu, ku-cosmetology nemithi yendabuko. Bambalwa bayazi ukuthi kungatshalwa hhayi emazweni aseningizimu kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni ezipholile. Namuhla ngisho nezinhlobo ezisinda ku--20 degrees ziyakhiwe. Futhi emgwaqeni ophakathi nezindawo ezisenyakatho, lesi sitshalo sikhulile ezimbizeni. Isimo esiyinhloko sokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwamakhiwane - ubuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, ikakhulukazi, kanye nendawo yokukhosela ebusika. Imininingwane engaphezulu yokuthi ungagubha kanjani isihlahla ngaphambi kweqhwa, sizokhuluma ngezansi.
Indlela yokulungiselela ubusika
Ukulungiselela amakhiwane ebusika kufakwe ohlwini lwezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa kwesitshalo, uma lukhula ezindaweni ezinokushisa kwamaqhwa. Ngisho nezinhlobo eziningi ezinamagqabhagqabha zingafa ebusika uma kwenzeka ukungalandeli nemibandela ebalulekile. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:
- ukunquma;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- ukuchelela;
- indawo yokuhlala
Kubalulekile! Esinye seziqiniseko zokusinda emaqabungeni amakhiwane ukukhethwa okulungile kwezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezinamagqabanqamu kunazo zonke "yiBrunswick", "iKadot" (ziphikisana namazinga okushisa afike ku -27 degrees), "Brown Turkey", "Chicago Hardy", "Randino", "Rouge de Bordeaux".
Ukudubula
Ukuze isihlahla sihambe kahle ebusika, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, siletha isivuno esikhulu ngonyaka ozayo, kuyodingeka ukuthi udale isihlahla. Isihlahla akufanele sibe nkulu kakhulu, ngoba kungenjalo kuyobe isibopho esincane noma ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo izokhula.
Zijwayele ngokulima umkhiwane ensimini.
Lapho amaqhwa engekho amandla, izihlahla zizodinga ukuthi zenziwe njengengxenye yemisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwekwindla. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo ukuze isitshalo siphinde siphume. 
Ukunciphisa kwenziwa nge-shears ebukhali. Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, zikhiqiza izinwele ezithintekayo - zishiya ihlumela elilodwa eliqinile, kanti ezinye ziyakunqunywa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amagatsha afinyelele ku-1.3m ubude anqunywe. Unyaka ozayo, amahlumela abheka ngaphandle ahlukaniswe ngu-50%.
Esikhathini esizayo, umqhele ukhiwa kusuka emagatsheni 3-4, ushiya isikhala eside ku 40-60 cm.
Kubalulekile! Amasayithi amahlumela kufanele aphathwe nge-garden pitch ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka esihlahleni.Enye indlela yokunciphisa. Kuye, ngaphambi kokuba lesi sitshalo sifinyelele eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, amagatsha kuphela anokulimala kanye nama-frostbite anqunywe. Khona-ke wonke amahlumela akhula, anqunywe, kanye nebheji elingaphansi elisondelene nomhlabathi futhi abelethwe ezinhlangothini. Ukugoba kwenziwa ngemuva kokunisela ezindaweni ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5. Lungisa izihluthulelo zidinga ngezikhonkwane eziqhutshwa emhlabathini, nezintambo.
Kulezo zifunda lapho kunconywa khona ukuvunwa kwekwindla, kukhishwa emva kokuwa kweqabunga, okungukuthi, engxenyeni yesibili ekwindla.I-VIDEO: UKUQHUBA KWE-BIT OF A TOOL CONDITION FOR CULTIVATION
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Phakathi nesikhathi sokwakheka kwezithelo, umkhiwane ungadliwa kuphela ngamanyolo we-potash, okuyiwona obangela ukubunjwa kwezinkuni. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho i-nitrogen engxenyeni yezimbiwa ezenziwe ekwindla, okuzokwenyusa ukwanda okungadingekile kobunzima obuhlaza phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kokuba umuthi ushiye, ukufaka umanyolo akukakhiqizwa. Ukuze kungabikho ukushisa kwesimiso, umquba usetshenziselwa kuphela emva kokuba isitshalo sithele kakhulu.
Isithelo somkhiwane uvame ukusetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko, ukupheka kanye ne-cosmetology.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kuyindlela ebalulekile lapho ulungiselela ubusika. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kahle kanjani ekwindla, njengoba izihlahla ezinomuncu zizoqhwaza futhi uhlelo oluyisitshalo olumile ngeke lukwazi ukuhlala ebusika.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, ukuphuza umuthi kufanele kugcinwe okungenani. Isikhathi sokugcina siswakanyiswa ngoSepthemba, emva kokuvuna. Uma ekwindla idla kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuze ugweme ukwedlula ngokweqile uhlelo lwempande, lihlanganiswe nefilimu, elisuswa ngesikhathi esomile. 
Uyazi? Amakhiwane abhekwa njengenye yezitshalo zasendulo, ezaqala ukutshalwa. Ngakho-ke, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki sasendulo nomsunguli wemvelo uTheophrastus sichaza ngamakhulu amakhiwane. Ngokuthakazelisayo, okungcono kakhulu kubo wabiza ngamagama afanele.
Ngidinga ukumboza
Amakhadi anconyiwe anconywe. Ezindaweni ezinokushisa okufudumayo, kuphela uhlelo lwempande lokufudumala ngamagatsha ase-spruce, sawdust, peat, okungukuthi, ukuxubana komjikelezo wezimpande kuzoluthola. Ezimweni ezibandayo, indawo yokuhlala ephephile iyadingeka kuwo wonke umuthi. Izinhlobo ezinganqamuki zamaqhwa azibekezeleleki phansi ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku--12 degrees. Inkinga encane kunazo zonke izihlahla ezingavulekile zingabhekana nokunciphisa isivuno. Umphumela obuhlungu kakhulu yi-frozen ephelele yezimpande namahlumela kanye nokungakwazi ukubuyisela. 
Amaviki amathathu emva kokuhluma, siqala ukugoba kancane kancane amagatsha
Amakhiwane angakhula ngempumelelo njengesihlahla sekhaya ekhaya.
Inqubo ye-Shelter
I-Shelter kufanele iwakhiwe ngaphambi kokushisa okuvamile kwansuku zonke kuyomiswa ezingeni lika-+2 degrees. Indawo yokucubungula ihlanganiswe, futhi amahlumela ahlanganiswe isihlahla noma ama-fan ahlanganiswe ngento yokumboza, okungcono imbala ekhanyayo, ukubonisa imisebe yelanga. Kule njongo kufanelekile:
- izikhwama ze-polypropylene zombala omhlophe (kungenzeka kusuka ngaphansi kweshukela granulated);
- lutrasil;
- i-agrofibre;
- indwangu yamasaka;
- i-burlap;
- indwangu yetende.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze unakekele kancane ngesikhathi sokukhosela, ungakwazi ukunakekelwa kusengaphambili - esigabeni sokutshala umkhiwane. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, singatshala emahlathini, okuzosebenza njengendawo yokukhosela ngesikhathi seqhwa.
Izindlela zokukhosela ebusika nasezinambuzane
Indlela yokukhosela iyoxhomeka endleleni yokubunjwa kwamahlathi, ukutshala nezimo zezulu:
- Ground. Ezingxenyeni ezithe xaxa, kuyoba okwanele ukumboza isihlahla nomhlaba. Le ndlela ifana nalokhu okumboza amagilebhisi. Amagatsha aguqa phansi, uphawule bese efaka inhlabathi kuwo. Le ndlela ilula, kodwa hhayi ephumelela kakhulu, ngoba uma ubusika iqhwa noma i-slushy, khona-ke umswakama ungafinyelela ezimpandeni, futhi ekugcineni bayomisa. Ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle, ungqimba olungama-5-15 cm lwamagqabi awile noma utshani lungathululelwa ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Ungaphinda wenze "ipayipi" yokucwenga kwenhlabathi engamamentimitha angu-5 kuya ku-15, ungqimba lwesentimitha esingu-5-15 wamagqabi awile, utshani, ungqimba wamamitha angu-25 wenhlabathi evulekile.
- Uhlaka lwesitshalo kanye nezinto zokuphahla. Ezindaweni lapho ubusika bubonakala khona ngamaconsi abukhali phakathi kwama-frost kanye ne-thaws nokuntuleka kwesembozo seqhwa, indlela enhle ukumboza amagatsha anezingqimba zezitshalo, bese-ukuphahla impahla.
- Ifilimu ye-polyethylene. Abanye balimi bakha indlu yefilimu phezu kwesihlahla. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayilungile kakhulu ngoba yenza umphumela we-sauna, okuzophazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokukhosela enjalo kuzodingeka ukuba isuswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ivuselele isihlahla.
- I-Humus nohlobo. Enye indlela ukuthululela ungqimba wamamitha angu-10 we-humus nosawoti, futhi kusuka phezulu ukuze usule ifilimu efreyimeni uphinde umboze umklamo nge-sacking.
- Amathayela wezimoto. Zihlobisa umuthi futhi zimboze phezulu, ngaleyo ndlela zihlinzekela ukugxila.
- Ukwakheka kwezinqwaba. Futhi enye yezindlela ezilula ukudala izithungu ezivela emahlumela. Amagatsha aqoqwe ngezinqwaba futhi aguqe phansi. Bese uwamboze ngamabhodi noma plywood bese uqinisa ungqimba lobumba.
Uyazi? Ukuthi umkhiwane ubuhle kakhulu ubuyisela amandla, wazi ngisho no-Alexander waseMakedon. Wathatha izithelo zakhe emkhankasweni wezempi..Ukuze ugweme ukungena kwamagundane ohlelweni lwempande, izikhwama zobuthi zifakwa endaweni yokukhosela. Ukuze uvimbele izinambuzane eziyingozi ekufinyeleleni esihlahleni esivikelekile, kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela izinto zokwakha zendawo yokuhlala, uzihlole ukuba khona kwezibungu. Indawo yokukhosela efanelekile nokufinyelela kahle emoyeni kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal.
Ngingakwazi yini ukukhusela nini
I-Shelter iqala ukuhlanza ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimazi i-shtamb kanye namahlumela. Kwaphela okwesikhashana, kuze kube yilapho usongo lwe-spring frost seludlulile, lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukumbozwa ngefilimu noma i-polycarbonate. Into esemqoka akumele umgcine endaweni yokukhosela ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo ukuze ugweme ukugijima.
Ngemuva kokukhipha indawo yokuhlala, kubalulekile ukuqala imisebenzi yokunakekelwa njalo - ukusika izihlahla, ukuchelela, ukudla.
Kuzosiza abalimi ukuba bafunde nokuthi bangabheka kanjani amagilebhisi, ama-apula, i-thuja, ama-roses, ama-raspberries, ama-lilies, kanye ne-weigela ebusika.
Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwamakhiwane ebusika kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunakekeleni amakhiwane, kusukela ekuziphatheni okulungile okususelwa empilweni yakhe nasekuvuneni. Ukulungisa isitshalo sebusika, kufanele uyeke ukondla futhi uchele ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, unqume abaphunyukile bese wakha indawo yokuhlala. Kunezinto eziningi zokwakha nezindlela zokuhlala. Umnikazi ngamunye womkhiwane angakhetha ukufaneleka kakhulu.
