Bonsai podokarpus

I-Bonsai yizobuciko baseJapane nabaseShayina bokukhula kwemifino emincane emiphakathini enezicabha eziqukethe izakhi ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe noma ezinye izihlahla. Ama-subocarpuses avame ukusetshenziswa kule njongo. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi singakhula kanjani, silondoloze futhi sinakekele lezi zitshalo ezincane ekhaya.

Okuqukethwe:

• Spread
• Uhlelo lokusebenza lwasekhaya
• Ukugcinwa nokunakekela ekhaya
• Ukukhetha indawo
• Ukunisela nokuswakama
• Umhlaba nokudla
• Ukufakelwa
• Ukwakheka komqhele nokugqoka
• Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings

Incazelo ye-botanical

I-bonwar ibhonsa izihlahla ze-Podocarpus (Bonsai I-Podocarpus), ekhulile ematayini, yizihlahla ezikhula njalo. Kukhona elinye igama - ama-footpods. Zihlukaniswe zibe yizi-9 zama-genre, phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili zezihlahla. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimo nobukhulu balezi zitshalo zokuhlobisa. Ngokuvamile - kungumuthi noma izihlahla, ezikhuphuka kusuka kumyingcele wamitha, zifinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili.

I-Podocarpus yizidakamizwa, izihlobo eziseduze ze-subocarpus ziyi-cypress, imisedari, i-thuja, i-larch, i-pin, i-spruce, i-araucaria, i-fir, i-microbiota, i-hemlock, i-yew, i-juniper.

Amagxolo ezinyaweni zezinyawo ziyimpunga emnyama, okokuqala kulukhuni futhi kuyahambisana nokuthinta, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuguga, kuphazamiseka futhi kwezinye izindawo kugoqa. Amagatsha kanye neziqu ziqondile, futhi ziyancipha ngobudala. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza, kodwa ngesimo sezintambo, ezilinganiselwe, kodwa zingaba nesimo se-oval. Ubude bufinyelela ku-7-15 cm no-10 cm ngobubanzi. Banekhanyiso elikhanyayo ohlangothini olungaphambili.

Ukuhlelwa kwamagatsha emagatsheni ama-subocarpus ahamba phambili, kwezinye - emigqa emibili ngokulandelana. Izihlahla ziqhakaza ngezimbali zamehlo womabili wesilisa, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali eziyi-monoecious. Ekhaya, izimbali nezitshalo ngokuvamile azenzeki, kodwa ngisho ngaphandle kwazo, izihlahla zibukeka zihlobisa futhi zikhangayo. Ezinye izinyawo zikhulile engadini, futhi amajikijolo awo kuthathwa njengokudliwayo. Izithelo zibomvu, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zifanele ukusetshenziswa njengendlela eluhlaza noma ebilisiwe. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyinto enhle, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.

Naphezu kokubukeka okuthakazelisayo nokunambitha, bane-toxicity, ngakho-ke badinga kudliwa kancane. Emithi yokwelapha yase-Asia, ayasetshenziswa kabanzi.

Uyazi? I-bonsai endala kuneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-500 ubudala. Wabizwa ngokuthi "Imperial wesithathu isizukulwane Tokugawa pine". Le mibhalo ifakazela ukuthi uMbusi uTokugawa Iemitsu (owabusa ngo-1623-1651) waqala ukuyihlakulela, emva kwalokho umuthi wadluliselwa ekhanda ngalinye elilandelayo laseJapane.

Podocarp amajikijolo

Funda indlela yokukhulisa i-cypress, i-fir, umjunipha, i-spruce ebhodweni.

Spread

Ukuphatha ukutshala ama-subocarpus amancane e-China lasendulo kwaqalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, futhi eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisithupha kamuva, lapho kuvela ubuBuddhism eJapane, wathuthela kuleli zwe, wamukela isimo esicwengile futhi sefilosofi. Kuleli zwe, kucatshangwa ukuthi umbhali odala ukwakheka okunjalo kumele ukuthi abe nezimfanelo ezingokomoya: umuzwa wobulungiswa, ukuhlakanipha, ukuthakazelelwa kanye nokudla okunomsoco.

Izilwane ezingaba yikhulu zalezi zihlahla ziye zasakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Izindawo ezithandayo lapho i-subcarpathus ikhula yizintaba eziseningizimu ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo (eningizimu yeNew Zealand neChile), isiqondiso esenyakatho (esivela eJapane siya eMexico), naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, lapho, endleleni, ihlehliswa ngokungenangqondo futhi namuhla iphelele ekugcineni ukubhujiswa.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwasekhaya

EJapane, i-bonsai yomndeni i-podocarpus ikhulile, ngaleyo ndlela idlulisela izizukulwane ezizayo. Abamele ikhaya langaphakathi bangaphila amakhulu eminyaka, ngakho-ke bavame ukuba izindlalifa.

Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zihlahla ezincane, uma zifakwa kahle endlini, zingashukumisa ngamandla ukugeleza kwamandla. Bakholelwa ukuthi uma ulandela isiko se-Taoist senkampani yokufanisa yesikhala (Feng Shui), khona-ke ungahola lezi zigeleza futhi uziqondise ngendlela efanele.

Thola ukuthi yiziphi izitayela zokwakha ibhonsai.

Ukugcinwa nokunakekela ekhaya

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala isitshalo sezindlu, kudingeka ucabange ezinye izinto ezibalulekile:

1. Lo msebenzi ude kakhulu futhi unzima, ngakho-ke ukuze ukhule umuthi ogcwele, udinga okungenani iminyaka engu-4 - ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani ukuhlwanyela imbewu bese udala isiqu esinamandla.
2. Ochwepheshe abaphakamisi ukuthi izihlahla ezijwayelekile ziguquke zibe yizintambo ezincane: ngokukhulisa izihlahla ezincane, kungcono ukuthenga izitshalo ezikhulile zesayizi esidingekayo noma ukusebenzisa imbewu yalokhu.
3. Kungcono ukukhetha isitshalo sezinyawo esikhulu, i-Nagi, i-Totara.

Uyazi? Imithi yasendulo kakhulu-i-long livers yi-redwoods - namhlanje kunezitshalo ezineminyaka engama-4 000 ubudala.

Ukukhetha indawo

Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo, ibhonsai yasendlini idinga umoya owanele okwanele kanye nokukhanya okuhle. Uma kungenjalo, lezi azizona izitshalo ezithandeka kakhulu ezingahlonywa ngempumelelo kuma-verandas noma emabhaloni, zikhethwa indawo ngesikhashana esifundeni semisebe eqondile yelanga kanye nokushisa okungcono kokukhula kwabo. Izithelo zezinyawo ziyizitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kubo:

• ehlobo - akukho ngaphezu kuka +20 ° С;
• ebusika - kusuka ku +6 kuya ku -15 ° С: uma izinga lokushisa ebusika lidlula lezi zibalo, izinyawo zingase zife.

Lapho unakekela izihlahla zemifino, kudingeka ukhumbule ukuthi kulula ukuwakhula ngaphandle, njengoba umoya ophansi ungase ube owomile kakhulu kubo. Into kuphela okumelwe ibonwe lapho ikhula i-Podocarpus ensimini iwugubungela ehlobo kusukela elangeni elivuthayo, futhi ebusika ukuze limboze kusukela emoyeni nasemvula.

Kukhona izihlahla ezidalwe ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zokuhlala, ngakho-ke azidingeki ukuba zinakekele futhi zihlale zihlala isikhathi eside, nakuba zidinga umswakama ophezulu, kufanele zigcinwe kude nezifudumezi. Esinye isici esibalulekile ekutshalweni kwezihlahla ezincane ekhaya ukuthi akubekezeleli izikhwama.

Funda ukuthi yiziphi imithetho ezijwayelekile zokukhula kwe-bonsai ezitshalweni ezahlukene.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezindaweni zethu ezisezingeni eliphansi, izinsuku zifushane kunazo zonke ezishisayo, lapho izithelo zomlenze zikhula khona emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuzakhela imithombo eyengeziwe yokukhanyisa, ikakhulu ebusika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ezisetshenziselwa ibhonsai zinezidingo ezahlukene zokukhanya, kanye nezidingo ezahlukene zokubekwa kwazo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ochwepheshe noma abathengisi esitolo zonke lezi zingu-nuances.

Ukunisela nokuswakama

Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo, udinga ukuchelela njalo, ngenkathi ungagcwalisi igumbi lobumba. Umhlabathi kufanele uhlale unomswakama, ngisho nasebusika. I-Podocarpus ithanda inhlabathi evundile njalo. Ebusika, akudingeki ukuthi isihlahla sihlume njalo ngesibhamu sophethiloli, kodwa ishaxa esifudumele ngezikhathi ezithile sizofaneleka (zonke lezi zinhlobo ze-nuances zisebenza ezitshalweni ezimweni zendawo).

Ehlobo, ukuchelela nokushafafaza kumele kube nokuningi. Uma uvumele umhlaba ukuba wome emapulazini, kufanele ubeke kuso esitsheni esikhulu futhi uthele amanzi lapho ukuze umhlaba e-flowerpot igcwele umswakama.

Kubalulekile! Amanzi ezinyawo zamanzi aphepheni ajwayelekile, ngaphambilini ahlelwe amahora angu-24 ukuqeda ukungcola kwe-chlorine.

Umhlaba nokudla

Ukuze abalimi bomlenze abadinga imfuyo badinga umhlaba owodwa ogcwele umswakama futhi okhululekile. Kungcono ukuthola umhlabathi ofanele ukutshala izihlahla ezincane ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ukuze kugcinwe ukukhula okutshalwe kahle kwezitshalo, uhlaka lwamanzi luyadingeka.

Udinga ukondla izihlahla ehlobo ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo, okungenani isikhathi esisodwa ngenyanga. Ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube okulinganayo. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo omuncu wezitshalo ze-coniferous: umthamo onconywayo uhlanjululwa emanzini, kanti isisombululo esiphumela siphuziswa nge-clod zobumba.

Ungasebenzisa kokubili ukugqoka okungokwemvelo nokuhlelekile. Kabili ngonyaka udinga ukondla inani elincane le-chelate yensimbi.

Ukufakelwa

Faka esikhundleni se-footplant ngokungajwayelekile futhi kuphela lapho umuthi udinga khona. Ngokujwayelekile le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo. Ukufakelwa kwe-Subocarpus kwenziwa kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi, kanye nokusika phansi kwezimpande Nazi ezinye izincomo zokufakelwa kabusha izihlahla zemithi:

1. Uma lezi zinhlobo ezincane, kufanele zihlwanyelwe njalo ngonyaka embizeni enkulu, futhi izihlahla ezivuthiwe kanye neminyaka embalwa (eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili).
2. Kungcono ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwezihlahla, ukuze ungaphazanyisi i-mycelium yamakhowe ewusizo lezinyawo.
3. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezimpande ziyanqunywa, futhi isitshalo sigxila endaweni engathathi hlangothi: inhlabathi ye-transshipment kufanele ibe ne-humus ye-coniferous bark, ngokungezwa kwenhlabathi neshlabathi.

Ukwakheka komqhele nokugqoka

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugqugquzela ukukhula kwezihlahla ezincane ukusika njalo umqhele namahlumela.

I-Bonsai nayo yakhiwa kusukela ku-ficus of microcarp, ibhokisi, i-pyracanthus, i-Benjamin ficus, i-cryptomeria, i-Murayi, i-Tolstians, i-adeniums.

I-bonsai izihlahla zinqunywe ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ukunquma izinwele njalo ukugcina isimo esivele sikhona.
2. Ukunciphisa ukwakha isitayela nokuma kwe-bonsai.

Esikhathini sokuqala, ukubusa kwe-apical kwesitshalo kuhloswe, okungukuthi, ukuthambekela kwemvelo kwamagatsha e-apical and lateral ukuze akhule phezulu ngasekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngenkathi ekhula ngokungahambisani futhi egoqa amahlumela angaphakathi naphansi. Ukuze uvimbele lezi zinqubo, udinga ukunquma ngokucophelela iziqongqo futhi uhlangothi luhlume ngezikhali ukuze izitshalo ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zithole izakhi ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi nangaphansi.

Ungesabi ukusika izihlahla zabo njalo, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula kwabo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi izihlahla zikhule ngokulinganayo futhi zenze amahlamvu aminyene. Uma kungumuthi we-coniferous, akudingekile ukuwuqeda, kodwa kungcono ukuwunqamula ngesandla.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze ubhekise umuthi ngemuva kokusika izihlahla ngokushesha futhi awulimazi, kubalulekile ukugcoba izigaba ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile yokucubungula.

Lapho udala isitayela nefomu, udinga ukucabangela imithetho embalwa eyisisekelo:

1. Ukuqala, cabanga futhi ugcine umuthi wakho ukucacisa ukuma kwawo esikhathini esizayo.
2. Dala nge-bonsai ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka: ukuphakama kwesitshalo nokuqina kwe-trunk kufanele kube ku-1: 7 (isib., Isiqu esinebubanzi obuyi-3 cm nobude buka-21 cm).
3. Isihloko somuthi kufanele siqondiswe phezulu kuphela.
4. Okokuqala, amahlumela amancane namadala ayanqunywa, njengoba kunzima kakhulu ukuqondisa nokuma.
5. Ukukhula kwamagatsha ohlangothini kufanele alwele ngokuqinile ohlangothini.
6. Amagatsha asephambi kwe-bonsai asuswe, kanti kuphela okuncane okumele kushiywe phezulu komqhele.
7. Bush kungengxenye engezansi yomqhele.
8. Ingxenye esezansi kunazo zonke ye-trunk ishiywa ngaphandle kwamagatsha (cishe ingxenye yesithathu).
9. Igatsha elikhulu liqondiswa ukuba likhule kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
10. Amagatsha akhula endaweni ephakeme futhi atholakala ehlangene zombili zombili we-trunk, kungcono ukusika. Kuyafana nakwamagatsha aseduze kakhulu.
11. Uma ibhekwa kusuka phezulu, ukubekwa kwamagatsha kufanele kube njengokuthi abanye bangaphili abanye.
12. Ngemuva kokugqoka umuthi kufanele ubheke "mpofu" kunanini ngaphambili.
13. Uma sicabangela ukuthi ukusika izihlahla kuyindlela ebuhlungu yesitshalo, udinga ukuphumula kwezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kwenqubo elandelayo.

Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings

Ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo ezinwetshiwe, izenzo ezilandelayo zenziwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo:

1. Kubalulekile ukwakha ukushisa okukhethekile okwenziwe izithombo ezikhulayo futhi ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elifudumele (hhayi ngaphansi kuka 18-20 ° C).
2. Ukuze ushise isihlabathi esitofu, ake upholile futhi uwuthulule kwisitsha esilungisiwe sokuhluma ama-cuttings.
3. Kusukela emthini onempilo, unqume isiqu ngesilinganiso esingu-10-15 cm noma usike ngokucophelela esithendeni.
4. Ukwenza i-powder ihlumela nge-root stimulator nokuhlwanyela emandleni kanye nesihlabathi.
5. Ama-phytohormones wokukhula kufanele anwezwe enhlabathini.
6. Ukushisa okuphansi okuphoqelekile kwenhlabathi.

Uma yonke le mithetho igcinwa, ukuqhuma kwe-cutting kwenzeka esikhathini ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3.

Funda indlela yokusakazwa yi-cuttings ye-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tui, i-fir.

Njengoba ubona, kunzima ukukhulisa i-bonsai ekhaya, kuyinkqubo ende, ngakho-ke le nkinga idinga indlela yokudala. Ngempela, ngokwemvelo, ama-conifers akhula isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi ama-analogs abo amancane ahlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukuthola ukubekezela okukhulu, khona-ke kuzokwazi ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo.

Ividiyo: Bonsai Podocarpus

Indlela yokukhulisa i-Podocarpus: ukubuyekezwa