Uma ungumthandi wesilwane esingajwayelekile futhi ungathanda ukuba nomndeni wakho, ke u-Ayam Tsemani izinkukhu yilokho okudingayo. Lezi zinyoni ziyizinkukhu ezingavamile zokukhukhulwa ezikhungweni ze-Middle Java, ezise-Indonesia. Uma sihumusha igama lalo hlobo (i-Ayam cemani) kusuka enkulumeni yendawo, kubonakala sengathi: "Inkukhu emnyama evela eTsemani" (igama ledolobhana elincane). Ake sibheke izici, izinzuzo nezingozi zokugcina lezi zinyoni, kanye nokuthi yini engayilungisa emzimbeni wabo.
Izici zofuzo
Namuhla ayikho izinga elilodwa elihlonishwayo lobuhlobo be-Ayam Tsemani, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele ngokukhethekile izinto ezithile ezikhethekile.
Uyazi? E-Indonesia, abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ama-black hens Ayam Tsemani anikwe amandla amakhulu okumangalisayo, ngakho awasebenzisa emikhosini yobuqaba. Izakhamuzi zazinikela ukuze zandise ukuzala. Futhi, umphakathi wendawo uqinisekile ukuthi ukuqhuma kwamaqhubu kuzobanika ukuchuma, futhi izitsha ezisuka emzimbeni wazo zinganciphisa ukuzisola kanembeza.
Ukubukeka
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziba nemingcele elandelayo:
- umnyama omnyama, umqubu, isikhumba, umlomo, amehlo nemifino;
- umzimba we-trapezoid, omncane, omncane futhi ohlangene;
- ikhanda elincanyana, elibheke ngendwangu eqondile, efana neqabunga elinamazinyo ahlukene;
- umlomo omfushane, ekugcineni unomzimba;
- amacici azungezile noma oval;
- intamo isilinganiso;
- isifuba sithumele kancane;
- imilenze yinde, imilenze ithuthukiswe kahle, okubangela ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokuqhuma okuphezulu;
- ama-paws aneminwe engu-4;
- amaphiko afanelana nomzimba;
- Izindwangu zine umsila omkhulu futhi owuhlaza, oye wahlukanisa ama-braids.
Izici
Izitshalo zilinganisa ngamakhilogremu amabili, kanti inkukhu - ayikho ngaphezu kuka 1.5 kg. Uma kubeletha, kunesilinganiso esikhulu sokusindisa izinkukhu - amaphesenti angama-95.
Sincoma ukuthi sijwayelane nezinhlobo zezinkukhu: Hisex, Hubbard, Maran, Amroks, Master Grey.
Umlingisi
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkukhu zase-Indonesian, i-Ayams inomoya wokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa., ngoba okhokho babo yizinkukhu zasendle, okubaluleka ngalezi zimfanelo zasinda ehlathini. Lezi zinyoni ziyasebenza, zibonisa ukwazi bonke abantu abangabazi. Bahluke futhi ngesibindi futhi baqaphele, ngakho-ke bahlukunyezwa futhi abathandi ukuxhumana nabantu abaseduze. Uma uthatha inkukhu enjalo ezandleni zakho, uzobhekana nokucindezeleka okuningi. Abesilisa baye bakhulisa izwi.
Isilinganiso sokukhula
Inkukhu ebomvu idinga ukufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-8 ubudala ukuqala ukugibela, futhi ngokudla nokunakekelwa okungcono, izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda
Umsebenzi we-egg uphansi - ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kungamaqanda angaba ngu-100 ngonyaka, kuyilapho amaqanda enombala obomvu, eqinile, enesisindo esivela ku-50 amagremu, ukunambitheka akufani namaqanda ajwayelekile.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Uma sikhuluma ngokufaneleka kwale nyoni engavamile, ngaleyo ndlela ngaphandle kokubukeka okumangalisayo, izinyoni ezifuywayo zinenyama enhle kakhulu. Kodwa izinkinga - eziningi. Ake sihlale kuzo ngokuningiliziwe:
- lezi zinkukhu azivamile ezindaweni zethu ezivulekile, ngakho amaqanda aqanda amalahle alahlekelwa imali enhle futhi atholakala kuphela kubaqoqi kanye nabalimi abacebile bezinkukhu;
- izinga lokukhiqiza amaqanda aphansi;
- izinkukhu azikho isisindo esiphakeme somama, ngakho-ke, ukuze zizalise inzalo, amaqanda aphethwe ukuvuthwa kwe-incubator;
- izinyoni "zikhumbule" izimpande zawo zasendle, ngakho-ke, zisola kakhulu futhi azixhumani;
- Izinkukhu ezingaphandle zidinga izimo zezindlu ezikhethekile: indlu ekhungethekile kanye nokuhamba okuvikelekile ngegazi ukuze lezi zifuyo zingakwazi ukuhamba.
Izinkukhu ezikhulayo ezikhulayo
Uma ungumnikazi ojabulisayo walezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezingavamile, kuzomele udinga ezinye zezinkolelo zokulima kwazo.
Yini ongayidla
Ukuze izinkukhu ezimnyama zibukeka zihle, zikhuthele futhi ziphilile, zidinga ukudla ngokugcwele kusukela zisencane. Okokuqala, ake sikhulume ngomsoco wezilwane ezincane.
Sincoma ukuthi sifunde ukuthi singenza kanjani ukuphakela kokubeka izinkukhu.
Izinkukhu
Emasontweni okuqala, izinkukhu ze-Ayams zondliwa ngendlela efanayo nezinkukhu ezivamile. Ukudla kwabo kuhlanganisa lezi zithako:
- amaqanda abilisiwe ama inkukhu, ahlwanyela ngemifino yemifino kanye nemifino eqoshiwe;
- i-fat cottage shizi encane;
- amavithamini afakwa kuwo wonke umlomo wenkukhu;
- izimpethu;
- amanzi afudumele abilayo;
- itiye elifudumele elithintekayo;
- Isixazululo se-glucose efudumele.
Uyazi? Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi inkukhu eye yahlala usuku olulodwa kuphela inezinkomba ezifanayo kanye namakhono njengengane yeminyaka emithathu, ngakho-ke isitatimende esithi "ubuchopho bezinkukhu" siphikisana kakhulu.
Ikhukhu elidala
Izinkukhu ezindala zidinga ukondliwa okuhlangene namavithamini e-vithamini. Lokhu kuzobavumela ukuba babe nokuzivikela okuqinile, futhi ukubekezelela ukushisa okunzima okuvela emaceleni ethu.
Uma ukhetha ukudla okuphekwe ngemvelo, ke ukudla kwenkukhu yase-Indonesian kufanele kube nokudla okulandelayo:
- izitshalo nezitshalo;
- ama-herbs aqoshiwe nemifino;
- umugqa;
- imvubelo;
- inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba;
- inhlanzi yezinhlanzi nge-addition of pulp, silage, iphineyini kanye nosuku lokudla (ebusika).
- amafutha enhlanzi;
- imfucuza yenyama;
- izinambuzane: izibungu, izimpungushe zezimpukane.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nezinhlobo zezinkukhu: uLoman Brown, Cochinhin, Sussex, Orpington, Minorca, Eminye, Black Bearded, White White, Faverol, Andalusian, Wyandot.
U-Ayam Tsemani ukuzala
Ukuhlanzeka kohlobo, umndeni omnyama kufanele ugcinwe ngokwahlukana kwezinye izinkukhu.
Ubuqili bokufanisa
Isilinganiso esihle sezocansi se-ayams singu-1 iqhude nezinkukhu ezinhlanu. Ukukhiqiza amaqanda cishe amaphesenti angu-100.
Isikhathi sokuvuselela
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izinkukhu azijwayele ukugxila nokuzinakekela izingane zabo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokufaka incubation yenziwe ngokuhlakanipha. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphelela izinsuku ezingu-20-21, futhi izinkukhu ezinempilo zizalwa.
Ukunakekela izingane ezincane
Izinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa zigcinwa ekushiseni kwama-28-30 degrees, okugcinwa njalo emavikini amabili. Khona-ke izinga lokushisa lingancipha kancane kancane.
Kubalulekile! Ngakho-ke izinkukhu azikhenqwanga futhi, kungcono ukuba bathululele amanzi okuphuza e-poilochki ekhethekile - ngenxa yalokhu, intsha izoba eyomile futhi ihlanzekile.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni semifino
Uma uthenga izinkukhu ezimnyama, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akudingeki ukuba ugijime ngokufaka indawo yokukhula emhlambini, ngoba izilwane ezifuywayo ezingakusiza zingakhonza njengemhlobiso yangaphakathi isikhathi eside. Ngonyaka wesibili kuphela wokugcina, kungenzeka ukutshala izinkukhu, emva kwalokho, kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, abantu abasha bangabelana ngokuphepha nezinyoni ezindala.
Uma ufuna ukuzalela lolu hlobo hhayi nje kuphela nge-zoo yasekhaya, kodwa futhi nokudla, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala, ukunambitheka kwenyama kuduma.
Inkukhu yenkukhu
Ukuze lezi zinkukhu zasemaphandleni ezikhungweni zethu zivulekele ukuzizwa zihle futhi ziphile isikhathi eside, zidinga ukugcinwa ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe imithando yokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nenkokhelo evumelekile futhi efudumele yenkukhu etholakala endaweni efanelekayo.
Ukukhetha inkukhu coop indawo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha igumbi lokugcina i-ayams, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izici:
- Indawo yenkukhu yezinkukhu kumele ibe khona egqumeni ukuze kungabikho usongo lokukhukhula phakathi kwamanzi aphezulu.
- Indawo ehlala kuyo kufanele ibe nokwanele ukusekela umndeni we-rooster kanye nabesifazane abangu-9 - hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-square.
- Akufanele kube eduze kwendawo yezinkukhu zomsindo omkhulu, njengoba lolu hlobo luyihloni kakhulu.
- Qiniseka ukucabangela ukubekwa kwenkukhu yenkukhu maqondana namaphuzu okukhalenda: amafasitela kufanele abhekane neNingizimu eningizimu ukuze akhulise ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akhulise ukukhiqizwa kweqanda, neminyango yasentshonalanga noma empumalanga, njengoba lokhu kuzovikela izilwane ezifuywayo ezinkanyezini ezisenyakatho ezibandayo.
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukugcina izinkukhu ezimnyama zase-Indonesian emazingeni okushisa aphansi bese ziwayeka ngaphandle ngesikhathi seqhwa: lapho izinga lokushisa lokushisa lokushisa liyeka ukukhiqiza amaqanda, futhi kukhishwa ama-scallops amahle kakhulu namacici.
Ukuhlelwa kwendlu yenkukhu
I-cofu efanelekayo ye-ayams kufanele ibe ne-paddock ehlobo esiseduze, izidleke eziphephile kanye nama-perches, kanye nabasekeli, abaphuza, ukukhanyisa okuhle nokuphuza umoya. Ake sihlale kulowo nalowo madivayisi.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkukhu yenkukhu, yenze ngokwakho, uhlomise isidleke esiphuthumayo kanye nesisindo sezinkukhu zokubeka.
I-corral yasehlobo
Izicingo zezinkuni zasehlobo kufanele zifakwe eduze nenkukhu yezinkukhu ukuze izinyoni ngokwazo zikwazi ukuphuma zize zifike ku-paddock. Njengoba i-Ayam Tsemani izinkukhu zikwazi ukuhamba kahle futhi ziqhube phezulu, ukuphakama kocingo kufanele kubekwe kumamitha amabili, okwenza i-paddock ivaliwe phezulu kwegridi noma idokodo. I-canopy enjalo iyoba yindawo yokukhosela emvula, imisebe yelanga, kanye nezinyoni zezilwane nezinye izilwane.
Izidleke eziduduzayo nama-perches
Izinambuzane nama-perches kufanele zikhululeke futhi zihlomele kahle.
Izidakamizwa ziyadingeka ukuze izinyoni zibeke amaqanda endaweni efanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa njengeziqukathi eziphelile ngesibhakabhaka se-wicker, amabhokisi amakhadibhodi, amabhokisi epulasitiki noma amabhokisi, futhi uzenzele emabhokisini enkuni. Ngaphakathi kwesidleke sakhiwe nge-sawdust noma shavings, kanye ne-hay.
Ama-perches angaba ngesimo sezinsika zomuthi ezizungeze umjikelezo wenkukhu yenkukhu. Zingafakwa emazingeni ahlukene, ngebanga lokungenani amasentimitha angu-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Abondla nabaphuza
Ngeke kube nzima ukwenza abanikazi bokuphuza nabaphuza izilwane ezifuywayo. Ngama-fodders omile, amabhokisi enziwe ngamapulangwe angaba ngu-20 x 20 x 80 amasentimitha azoba abahlinzeki abafanelekayo.
Ngeziphuzo zokuphuza, ungasebenzisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezilungiselelwe ezilungiselelwe noma zilungiswe kule mibhobho epulasitiki.
Ukukhanya okukhanyayo
Qinisekisa ukuthi unikezwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwekhanda. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukwandise ubude bamahora emini ebusika ukuze ukwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu.
Inani eliphakeme kufanele libheke emgodini, abaphuza kanye nama-perches, futhi mhlawumbe isidleke se-pritenyat.
Ukuphumula
Enkonzweni yenkukhu ye-ventilation emihle udinga ukufaka amathanga wokuphuza umoya. Zenziwe ngamabhokisi amabili ngokhuni futhi zihlelwe ezindongeni eziphambene nezinkukhu zezinkukhu ziphikisana.
Thola ukuthi kungani i-ventilation iyadingeka endlini ye hen
Ukulawula amandla okugeleza komoya, iziteshi zokungena umoya kufanele zihlome iminyango.
Izifo
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-hens u-Ayam Tsemani azihlupheki, njengoba zinezifo ezikhukhumayo. Kodwa bangasongela ezinye izifo. Phakathi kwazo - ukuvuvukala kwama-oviducts nama-ovari ngenxa yokulimala, ukudla okunganele futhi okungenampofu, izimo ezingenamthetho zokuboshwa.
Futhi, izitha zika-Ayah, njengezinye izinkukhu, ziyi-parasites, engabangela nezinkinga ezinkulu. Isibonelo, isifo se-parasitic Eimeriosis, okuyinto izinkukhu zihlupheka ngesikhathi sekwindla. Ama-causative agents of this is Eimeria, okukhona izinhlobo ezingu-9. Zingathinta izinkukhu kusukela ekuzalweni.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphelela ezinsukwini ezingu-15. Umthombo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ugule abantu abagulayo. Lesi sifo senzeke ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene: i-acute, i-subacute, i-asymptomatic, futhi ingapheli. Esikhathini esibucayi se-eymerioza le nyoni iyafa. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukungabi nesifiso nesifiso sokuphuza, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nesifo sohudo nge-streaks of blood. Ukubukeka kuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi idonswe.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezifo zezinkukhu, kungani izinkukhu zigijima kabi, zikhupha amaqanda, indlela yokuphatha izifo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo nezifo ezithathelwanayo zezinkukhu ze-broiler, nendlela yokwelapha i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu
Ukwelashwa okushiwo isazi sezilwane. Ama-coccidiostats asetshenziswa ngokuvamile (izinto zokwelapha i-eimeriosis), okuyi-antibiotics enamandla. Ngako-ke, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemva kokulungiselela okunjalo, izinkukhu kufanele zinikezwe ama-probiotic agents. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, lesi sifo sihlala, futhi izinkukhu zizivikela kuwo.
Esinye isifo esithinta izinkukhu ze-Ayam Tsemani yisifo sikaMarek. Ngalesi sifo, le nyoni inokukhubazeka kwamalungu. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa sithatha amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-15. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo ezinkukhu kukhona ukukhathazeka kanye nendawo engeyona engokwemvelo: ukudweba okulodwa kungadonselwa phambili. Ngendlela elula yesifo, amehlo angathinteka, okwenza izinyoni zibe yimpumputhe. Kuye kwaphawula ukuthi abantu asebekhulile bangenwa yisifo sikaMarek.
Izendlalelo zinama-tumor ama-ovaries. Lesi sifo asikwazi ukuphulukiswa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugoma amatshwele ezinsuku eziningana noNobilis noRusmavak. Khona-ke ukugoma kuphindaphindiwe ngokwendlela esetshenziselwa lesi sifo.
Ukuze izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zingabi nezifo ezingenhla, kufanele zigcinwe ezimweni ezihlanzekile, ezomile nezifudumele, amanzi ahlanzekile ngesikhathi futhi uhlanze udoti.
Funda futhi ngamadwala uBrahma, Leggorn, Poltava, Kuchinsky Jubilee, i-Adler yesiliva, i-salmon yaseZagorsk, i-Rhode Island, i-Redbro.
Izitsha zokudla
I-Ayam Tsemani ibhekwa njengenkukhu enyameni yenkukhu ngenxa yobunzima bayo nokungazi lutho. Kusuka inyama enkukhu yenkukhu ungakwazi ukupheka noma yikuphi isidlo esilungisiwe kusuka ku-hen evamile. Umehluko kuphela umbala wenyama, okuyinto ngesikhathi sokushisa kokushisa engashintshi. Uma kungenjalo, ikhwalithi yokunambitheka ayixhomeki embala wenkukhu, nakuba inyama yezinkukhu ezimnyama iqukethe amazinga aphezulu ensimbi futhi ayinambitha kakhulu.
Izitsha ezilandelayo zingenziwa kusuka inyama yezinkukhu ezimnyama:
- izimbali kanye nesobho;
- ukugosa;
- inkukhu ebhaka kuhhavini;
- i-plov;
- Inkukhu ye-BBQ
Isobho sezithako:
- isidumbu semnyama senkukhu - 500-600 mg;
- umhluzi lapho inkukhu yayiphekwe khona - 600 ml;
- izimpande zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi - ama-gramu angu-200
- Amaphesenti angu-40 ukhilimu - 150 ml;
- i-stale bun - 1 pc.;
- anyanisi - 1 pc.;
- ibhotela - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- amafutha, usawoti, pepper omusha omnyama - ukunambitha.
Funda ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zezinyoni ze-Guinea
Incazelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sopho enenkukhu emnyama:
- Bilisa isidumbu senkukhu emhluzweni kuze kube yithenda futhi epholile.
- Hlanganisa ibhotela epanini elingaphandle.
- Fry izimpande eziqoshiwe eziqoshiwe futhi oqoshiwe anyanisi epholile kuze kube lula ukushisa low kuyo imizuzu engu 15, sigqoke epanini nge lid.
- Imifino ehlutshiwe yemifino usawoti kanye ne-pepper.
- Beka isinkwa esiyi-crumbled epanini bese uthela umhluzi. Letha emathumba bese ubilise imizuzu engu-15 phezu kokushisa okuphansi.
- Engeza ukhilimu, hlanganisa ngobumnene, ubilise amanye amaminithi amathathu bese uvala ukushisa.
- Khonza isobho, ulichithe ngamacwecwe bese uhlukanisa isidumbu senkukhu a la carte.
- Phezulu ngamafutha bese ufafaza uphesi omnyama omusha.
Ukuthenga kuphi
Ungathenga izinkukhu ze-Ayam Tsemani ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezitolo ze-intanethi. Nazi ezimbalwa zalezi zitolo:
- Ukulima kwezinkukhu "i-Golden Scallop", eMoscow.
- I-nursery yokuzala nokukhula kwezinyoni ezihlobisa "I-Bird's Village", isifundazwe sasePhereslavl-Zalessky, esifundeni saseYaroslavl.
- Online esitolo zookharkov.info, Kharkov.
