I-Willow inezinhlobo eziningi, phakathi kwazo kukhona izihlahla, izihlahla nezinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo. Ziyakhula kahle, zivumelane kahle nezimo zasemadolobheni futhi zilula ukulula. Izakhiwo zokuhlobisa zalezi zitshalo zenza kube izintandokazi zabaqambi bemvelo. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-willow yokukhala, okuyinto lesi sihloko esinikezelwe.
Izinhlobo ze-willow yokukhala
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-600 ze-willows. Zikhula yonke indawo, zitholakala ngisho nase-tundra nase-Arctic.
I-wind willow ikhula ngamamitha angu-25-30 futhi ingahlala iminyaka eyi-100. Isiqu somuthi sinamandla, sigcwele amagxolo amakhulu. Umqhele ugcwele, usakazeka. Amaqabunga anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kusukela phansi alula futhi afakwe i-fuzz elula.
Ukuhluma kwemifino emnyama kuyamangaza ngokumangalisayo nokuhluka kwazo. Nazi ezinye ezithandwa kakhulu:
- I-willow emhlophe. Okuphakeme (ubude bayo buyi-25-27 amamitha) nokubuka okungenakuzithoba. Ebizwa ngokuphathelene namaqabunga anemibala esiliva. Ibekezelela amaqhwa futhi ingakhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Kubheka okuhle phakathi kwezihlahla ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kusebenza njengemuva ekahle kwezihlahla ezibomvu.
- Imbuzi e-Willow (bredana). Ngentwasahlobo, lapho izimbali zihlumela amahlumela, izimbali eziqhakazayo ziyaqhakaza, futhi imilenze yembuzi ibukeka njenge-dandelion enkulu. I-willow enjalo yokulila itshalwe e-dacha eqenjini lamaqembu, nakuba libukeka liphumelela ngokuhambisana nezitshalo zombala wamahlamvu amahle kakhulu.
- I-Willow yi-prutovidnaya. Isihlahla esikhulu (kuze kube ngamamitha angu-8) sinombalo omkhulu wamagatsha. Lapho kuqhuma emagatsheni, ama-catkins amancane (kuya ku-6 cm) akhiwa, futhi i-shrub iba yinkinga phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
- I-Willow iyona enhle kakhulu. Uhluke eminye yemifula emigqumeni enombala emhlophe. Lolu hlobo lwe-willow lokulila luyaluzwa ngokuhlelwa kwe-cuttings kahle futhi ukuthi lukhula kanjani ngokushesha (aludingi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 ukukhula).
- I-Willow yaseBabiloni. Isihlahla asikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama nomqhele wamamitha angu-9 ububanzi. Ikhula ngokushesha, ibukeka ngokuphumelelayo ekuhlungeni kweqembu emagodini.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo zokutshala
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-willow ingavela imbewu futhi emkhakheni wokukhala kwe-willow wanda ukuxhunyelelwa noma ukuthola isithombo.
Okokuqala, izithombo zikhetha ubusika, ngezinkuni ezivuthiwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iminyaka yezilwane ezincane yayiyiminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemibili futhi yayivunwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zifakwa enhlabathini emanzi noma emgodini wamanzi.
Uyazi? I-Willow ivele emhlabeni esikhathini eside esidlule - izinsalela zayo zitholakala kakade esikhathini seCretaceous, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zanamuhla (ashy, white, prutovidnaya) zakhula ngesikhathi seQuaternary.
Indawo yokutshala i-willow
I-wind willow kufanele itshalwe endaweni ekhanyayo, enesihlabathi, ephakathi nendawo. Isakhiwo kufanele sivuleke, sivuleke kahle, sishiswe, siphumelele nge-penumbra elula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusayithi lapho kuhlelwe khona ukukhula kwe-willow, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele atholakale eseduze. Uma unendawo endaweni esakhiwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yeqhwa eliqhakazile, khona-ke yilokho okunethezeka nge-willow.
Kubalulekile! Uma kuvuliwe ngokugcwele, ama-willows angeke akhule. Ngisho nasezimo zemvelo, izihlahla ze-Willow azitholakali ehlane.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-willow
Ufuna ukutshala isihlahla esakhiweni sakho, kubalulekile ukucacisa ngesikhathi esifanele uma kungcono ukutshala i-willow yokukhala endaweni ehlala njalo. Indlela engcono kakhulu - entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa licibilika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwempande le-seedling kumele lufakwe ngokugcwele. Ungatshala i-willow ekwindla, emva kokuphela kokugeleza kokushisa, kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kuneqhwa elikhulu.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-willow
Ezitsheni zomhlabathi zifakwe ngokujulile kangangokuthi iziqu eziningana zihlala phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-willow yokulila, bemba imbobo engu-60 cm ububanzi bezinhlobo zezihlahla kanye no-50 cm ngezinhlahla. Ukujula kwe-fossa kufanele kube ngu-40 cm. Uma isithombo sinezimpande ezivaliwe, i-fossa kufanele ihambisane nobubanzi bomhlaba we-clod. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-willow ihlelwe ukuba itshalwe ngendlela yohlaselo, bese ugoba umsele ongama-40 cm ojulile no-40-50 cm ububanzi.
Uyazi? Ngobuciko bendabuko, i-willow ihlotshaniswa nokudabuka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwuphawu lobuhle.Ngomhlabathi owomile wobumba, kudinga amanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isihlabathi noma itshe elichotshoziwe emgqeni we-20-30 cm lithululwa phansi emgodini wokutshala.
Ukuze i-willow ikhale kangcono ukuhlala phansi, udinga ukulungisa ingxube yezakhi zomhlaba, i-peat kanye ne-compost, ethathwe ngokulinganisela okulinganako. Ungangeza u-200 g we-azofosca kule ngxube. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kugcwalise umgodi wokutshala 1/3 bese ubeka imbewu.
Khona-ke umhlabathi ojikeleze isithombo ukugoqwa ngendlela yokuthi umgodi wokuchelela usungulwe nxazonke. Ekupheleni kokutshala, amabhakede amabili amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwesithombo ngasinye.
Uma izinsuku zokusika i-willow zawela ngesikhathi sekwindla, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngotshani noma amaqabunga owomile, futhi izithombo ngokwazo kufanele zihlanganiswe ngamaqabunga e-spruce.
Uma ukusika kuphakeme, okokuqala, isikhonkwane sokusekela sisetjenziswa ukulungisa isikhundla esiqondile eduze kwayo.
Uyazi? I-Willow ezindaweni ezihlukene ibizwa ngokuhlukile: i-willow, umvini, i-blacktail, i-willow, i-waddle, isitshalo esingahlanjululwa, umvini, i-rakita.
Indlela yokunakekela imilenze yokukhala
Ukuze i-willow ikhule masinyane futhi ibukeka ibe mnandi, udinga ukwazi ubuqili bokukhula nokunakekela lezi zitshalo. Ukunakekelwa okunye kumele kuhokhwe ekunakekeleni i-willow yokulila okokuqala ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukunisela
Njengoba i-willow iyisitshalo esinomswakama, sidinga ukuphuza njalo nokupomfa njalo.
Eminyakeni yokuqala, izihlahla ezincane zikhula ngokushesha, zinikeze inzuzo yamamitha amathathu ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nalesi sikhathi badinga ukuphuziswa ngamabhakede amabili kuya kweyodwa (umuthi uzothatha njengoba nje udinga). I-Willow iphuziswa ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngemva kokushona kwelanga.
Amanzi kumele athululelwe hhayi kuphela empandeni, kodwa futhi emgqeni.
Uyazi? Sekuyisikhathi eside i-bark e-Willow isetshenziswa njenge-antipyretic kanye ne-anti-inflammatory agent, futhi i-salicylic acid ibizwa igama layo kusukela e-Latin salix - willow.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma utshala umuthi esakhiweni sakho, cabanga ngendlela ongayidla ngayo, njengoba ukhula willow willow enempilo futhi enempilo ngeke neze usebenze ngaphandle kwabo. Ukondla kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ngenkathi umba umbuthano we-trunk.
Noma yikuphi umquba (amaminerali kanye nezidakamizwa) afaneleka ama-willows okukhala. Isingeniso sabo sonke isikhathi siyisiqinisekiso sokubukeka kwezempilo nezitshalo ezinhle. Entwasahlobo nehlobo kwenza ukudla okunzima, futhi ngo-Agasti - superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Inani lomanyolo lincike eminyakeni yobudala besitshalo.
Ngentwasahlobo, kunconywa ukukhulula inhlabathi eduze komuthi bese wengeza ukugqoka kwemineral. Ekwindla, amaqabunga awile kanye namahlumela asendle asuswa kusayithi futhi ngo-Okthoba-Novemba zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingahambisani neqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Ungashiyi amaqabunga awile phansi kwe-willow - aqukethe ama-tannins anomphumela ongathandeki ekukhuleni kwesitshalo.
Ukwakheka izinwele kanye nomqhele
Uma ukukhala kwesihlahla somthila ngesikhathi esifanele kungagcini, khona-ke ukubunjwa kwemvelo komqhele kuzokwenzeka - amagatsha ayokhula ngokungahleliwe, futhi umuthi uzolahlekelwa umphumela wokuhlobisa. Ngakho-ke izinwele - inqubo evunyelwe. Emva kokudubula, ungathola ama-willows wesimo esingavamile nobuhle.
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila (kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu), lesi sitshalo asidingi izinwele. I-Willow ithola amandla, ithola amandla, ikhula futhi ikhule. Lapho amagatsha ekhula emitha, kufanelekile ukuqala izihlahla zokuqala.
Ngokuyinhloko, i-willow inqanywe entwasahlobo, kodwa ungenza le nqubo ehlobo. Ithimba lamagatsha lifinyezwe ngamasentimitha angu-30-35. Ukunqunywa kwenziwa ngenhla ngaphezu kwehlumela eliphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukusika i-willow ngenkathi izimbali.Ukusika izihlahla zamagilebhisi njalo kuzokuvumela ukuthi udale umuthi othakazelisayo ngomqhele omuhle eminyakeni engama-5-6 emva kokutshala.
Izifo eziyingozi nezinambuzane ezivamile zemithi yemifula
Ukuqaphela ngokukhethekile uma ukhula willow kufanele ukhokhwe izinambuzane nezifo ezingathinta lobu buhle. Ngakho ngokuvamile imifula ingasongelwa:
- amaqabunga amaqabunga;
- amacimbi;
- isi-spider mite;
- izindlovu;
- izimpukane;
- i-aphid;
- amagundane afana negundane.
Ezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-willow kuyadingeka ukugqamisa:
- isikhumba se-powdery;
- ukugqwala;
- i-necrosis;
- ukubona;
- isikhumba
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagxolo namagatsha kufanele ahlolwe njalo ngezibonakaliso zesifo sochungechunge, isikhathi sokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Amagatsha athintekile anqunywe endaweni enempilo, futhi amaphuzu anqunywe athathwa.
Kubalulekile! Zama ukuvikela amagxolo e-willow kusuka ekulimaleni komonakalo - iziguli ezithinta izifo ziyangena kuzo.Ukwelashwa kwe-Necrosis yokuvimbela i-willow kwenziwa ngo-Agasti noma ngoMeyi, ngenkathi ezayo.
Uma ama-gray specks avela emaqabunga e-willow, isitshalo kumele siphathwe ngamalungiselelo ethusi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-willow cuttings
Indlela elula futhi elula kakhulu yokuzala i-willow yokulila ishawula. Umlingana omncane uphenduka ngokushesha ube ngumuthi omangalisayo. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi endleleni yokutshala isihlahla esivela ku-cuttings.
Cuttings kuvuna ekwindla noma kwentwasahlobo. Ukukhetha amahlumela amasha angaphenduki eminyakeni engama-2 ubudala - ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi i-twig izoqala.
Ukuze ukhule ohlangothini olufanele noma oluphakathi kwesitshalo, olukwazi ukudala ngokushesha izimpande. I-cuttings kufanele ibe ngu-20-50 cm ukuphakama no-5-20 mm ububanzi.
I-cuttings elungiselelwe itshalwe esitsheni noma endaweni yokushisa ebangeni elingama-20-30 cm. Ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kubhalwa umswakama womhlabathi, njalo kukhulula umhlaba futhi kususwe izithombo zezitshalo zangaphandle.
I cuttings zikhule pretty ngokushesha, kodwa ukusheshisa ngenguquko emhlabathini ovulekile akufanelekile - intsha kumele ibe ngaphezu kwe-overwinter. Kuphela konyaka kuphela, ama-cuttings alungele ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha endaweni entsha futhi aqale ukuthuthukisa.
I-Willow iyisihlahla esidume kakhulu esivuna isivuno, esibhekwa kalula yizihlahla zayo ezindala. Ngenxa yokulula okulula kwalesi sitshalo, abalimi abaningi bayakujabulela ukukhula, futhi ulwazi lokunciphisa i-willow yokulila nokulinakekela ngokucophelela kuyokwenza kube lula ukuba nesayithi elinempilo yamafomu ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ayingqayizivele.
