I-Attic - lena igumbi elihle, elitholakala ngqo ngaphansi kophahla, okungukuthi, liyi-attic yokuhlala. Namuhla kuyanda ukusetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zezindlu kanye namakamelo. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa i-attic njengesigumbi sokuphumula, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwephahla eliphakeme kuzodingeka, njengoba kungase kube kuhle futhi kunomswakama ebusika futhi kushisa kakhulu ehlobo. Amathiphu wokuthi ungayenza kanjani ukuguqulwa ngokwayo, uzothola kokuqukethwe kwethu.
Ikhekhe le-roof of Mansard
Ukufakwa kwephahla endlini nge-attic kufanele kuxazululwe imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:
- Ungavumeli umoya ushise kakhulu eshisayo.
- Qhubeka ngokufudumele ebusika.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze udale indawo enhle uma uhlala endaweni ye-attic, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole ukuthi uphahla lubekwe kanjani nokuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphahla kuhlanganisa yini. Ukudalwa kwalolu lwakhiwo lwezinhlaka eziningi ngumsebenzi wabakhi bezisebenzi. Kubalulekile ngathi ukuthi siqonde ukuthi uphahleni luhlelwe kanjani, yiyiphi indima ngayinye yezingxenye zalo, futhi yiziphi izinto ezingcono kakhulu zokubhekana nalo msebenzi.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde indlela yokwenza udoti lwe-mansard, dvukhskatnuyu no-chetyrehskatnuyu ngezandla zakho
Iphayi eliphezulu lokuhlalisa uphahla liqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile, ngayinye enenjongo ethile. Uma sicabanga ngakho, kusukela ngaphakathi, ukulandelana kwezigaba kuzoba kanje:
- Isivinini se-Vapor - i-membrane elincanyana, eyenzelwe ukuvikela ukugxila emanzini avela egumbini bese uqhubeka nokuphila kwemisebenzi yezinto zokuphahla. Yenziwe ngefilimu ekhethekile elinezintathu ezintathu eziqiniswa ngesikhumba sepolymer. Kungaba nesendlalelo se-foil ukunciphisa ukushisa kokushisa. I-steam yokunamathisela impahla yokunamathisela i-steam isinamathele emahlathini.
- Ukushisa. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekusululeni okushisayo. Ngokubamba umoya, kugcina ukushisa. Kungenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene: ingilazi neyeyili yamatshe, i-polystyrene foam, ipulasitiki ye-foam, i-polyurethane, i-raber i-raber, i-raber, i-coork sheet.
- Ukususwa kwe-ventilation - igebe lomoya elivikelayo elihlinzeka umoya ophahleni, futhi liyivikela ngokushisa;
- Ukuvimbela amanzi. Dlula umoya ovela ngezansi futhi ungavumeli umswakama ungene kusuka phezulu. Lo ungqimba wenziwe nge-membrane ye-diffusion, i-membrane e-superdiffusion, kanye namafilimu anamanzi-condensate.
- I-Crate ne-counter lattice. Vumela i-condensate ukuthi ihlelwe ngemuva kwezingubo. Uhlobo lwalezi zingxenye luncike ezintweni okuvela kuso isendlalelo sokuphahla.
- Ukugubha. Yenza ukuvikelwa emvula. Yenziwe ngethusi, isithembu, i-tile, i-ondulin nezinye izinto.
Kubalulekile! Ingqimba ngayinye yephayi lokuphahla kufanele ifakwe kulowo myalelo. Ukuhlelwa kabusha okungafanelekile ezindaweni kuzoholela ekunciphiseni izinga lephahla, ukwehla empilweni yalo yokusebenza nokulahleka okukhulu kokushisa.
Uhlobo lwe-roofing lwama-attic ye-attic
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umoya womoya usebenza kanjani endlini nge-loft. Ukwenza lokhu, khumbula nje imithetho yemvelo. Ngakho, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, umuntu uyangena emkhathini umswakama nomoya ofudumele, ovame ukuvuka futhi agcwalise izindawo ezipholile. TNgale ndlela, imfudumfudumfutho efudumele ifaka ukungena, lapho iguqulwa ibe yi-condensate futhi iphendulelwa ibe umswakama. 
Uma kungekho umoya wokuphuza umoya, umswakama awunaso isikhathi sokususwa esakhiweni, ngenxa yalokho, kuhlale kumanzi. Ukwehla kwamanzi kuholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo nokulimala ezintweni ezakhiwa kuso. Izakhi zokhuni zithinteke kakhulu - ziqala ukubola. Ukonakala kuvela ezintweni zensimbi. Ngakho-ke, umoya ophuthumayo noma ukungabi khona kwawo kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ngokugcwele futhi ngokunethezeka i-attic ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala futhi kubangele ukuwohloka okusheshayo kombuso we-attic uma kusetshenziselwa izinhloso zomnotho.
funda ngendlela efanayo oyakhayo nokwakha uphahla lokugeza, nokuthi ungakhahla kanjani uphahla nge-ondulin ne-metal tile
Le mibi emibi ingagwenywa ngenxa yemishini efanele yokuphuza umoya. Ukuhlinzeka ngomoya omsakazo olufanele, kuzosusa umswakama obuningi, kuwuvimbele ukuba ungakulungiseli ukuguqulwa nokulahlekelwa yizimfanelo zayo zokuvimba.
Uyazi? Isikhathi sokuqala isikhala se-attic sisetshenziswa njengezindlu ngo-1635 ngumdwebi ongumFulentshi uFrancois Mansart, owayeyakha kabusha indlu yenkosi yaseParis. Ngemva kwalokho, i-attic yaba yithandwa. Ngokuvamile babehlala kubantu abampofu noma izivakashi. Kwakudingeka futhi ngoba abanini bezindlu akudingeki bakhokhe intela yama-attics.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokwakha imishini yokuphuza umoya:
- Ukujikeleza kwemimoya ebanda futhi efudumele kungatholakala nge imishini yokuhlinzeka nokuqeda ukuvuleka. Usayizi wabo kufanele ubalwe ngokususelwa kwesilinganiso se-1 kuya ku-500 endaweni ye-attic. Umoya obandayo ufaka ama-valve akhethekile akhiwe kumawindi. Umphunga oshisayo uyaphuma ngokusebenzisa ama-aerator aphezu ophahleni noma emgodini ophahleni.
- I-ventilation ingenziwa ngegables. Umoya obandayo ungena ezigodini zokufakelwa kwodonga phansi kwegagasi. Ukuphuma kwemoya efudumele kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ama-grilles e-ventilation engxenyeni engenhla ye-gable ngakolunye uhlangothi.
- Isistimu ye-ventilation ingabuye ifakwe ngezibani. - ipulasitiki noma insimbi yesikhulumi esenziwe nge-perforated panel, okwakhiwa ama-overhangs cornices.
Ukwakha icebo elihle, uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda mayelana nemiklamo yamazwe, izandla zobuciko kanye nezithombe zensimu, okungukuthi: ingadi yembali yamathrekhi amasondo noma amatshe, ama-wattle, ama-gabions, ama-rock ase-arike, ama-ladybugs, ukuboshwa kwemibhede, ukuhlanzwa kwe-wax solar.
I-ventilation ehlomele kahle ikuvumela ukuba ugweme ukushisa kwe-attic ekushiseni kanye nokwakhiwa kweqhwa emigqeni yokugudla emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kwefasitela. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu umhlangano ofanele wepayipi yokuphahla, ukutholakala kwegebe lokuphuza umoya okungenani u-2 cm ububanzi, ukugaya kanye ne-batten ngaphansi kophahla.
Uhlelo lwe-ventilation lwephahla luhlinzekwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Uhlu Lwesibili.
- Layer Single.
Okokuqala ukuthi izikhala zenziwa phakathi kokungenelela kanye nohlaka lokungena amanzi futhi phakathi kohlaka lokungena kwamanzi nophahla.
Ngendlela eyodwa-yokubeka, ukungena kwamanzi ngesimo sezingxube ze-membrane kufakwe ku-insulation. I-membrane izokhipha umswakama ovela ekugxilweni, futhi ngeke uvumele amanzi ukuba ahlahle ophahleni.
Kubalulekile! Ezingeni ngalinye lendlu uzodinga imishini yokuhlukanisa umoya.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokushisa
Imakethe yanamuhla inikeza izinto ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa. Ake siqonde ukuthi ubuhle nobunzima bokuthungwa okufanelekela ukuphahla. Sizohlola ukuqhuba okushisayo, ukumelana nomlilo, ukumelana nomswakama kanye nobungane bomhlaba.
- I-Mineral Stone Wool. Yenziwe ngodwala olubunjiwe. Igcina umoya oshisayo ngokugcwele, cishe awuwutholi umswakama, awuphikisi ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa namazinga aphezulu okushisa. Ukuqhuba okushisayo kwalokhu kukhonjiswe ngu-0.035-0.047 W / m. Futhi inezindawo ezinhle zokulondoloza umsindo. Ubekwe ohlangothini lwe-15-25 cm. Izinzuzo ezichazwe ngenhla zihlanganisa nokunciphisa kwalokhu ukugxila. Phakathi kwezinto ezimbi ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, uboya obunamaminerali buhlukaniswa njengezinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi be-carcinogenic.
- Uboya be-Glass. Yenziwe ngengilazi encibilikisiwe. Inomshini omuhle wokushisa nokuzwakala komsindo, umkhawulo ophansi wokushisa. Ukuqhuba kwe-thermal - 0,030-0,048 W / m. Izinkinga zibandakanya ukumelana nomlilo okuphansi. Ngenxa yentengo ekhangayo kaningi isetshenziselwa ukugxila, nokho, kunezimpikiswano mayelana nobuhlobo bendawo yemvelo yale ndaba.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uhlasele uphahla lwe-attic uhlobo, kuyadingeka ukhethe ukushisa okushisa okunomshini wokushisa wokushisa we-0.05 W / m nangaphansi.
- Styrofoam. Lezi zingcezu ezinesakhiwo esibuhlungu zinezinhlobo ezinhle zokuswakama kwamanzi. Ukuqhuba kwabo okushisayo kungu-0.03 W / m. Kodwa inani lokumelana nomlilo liphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhishwa i-polystyrene foam, kukhishwa izinto ezinobuthi. Okunye okungahle kwenzeke khona ukuqhutshwa komoya ompofu.
- I-polyurethane foam. Yiplastiki egcwele igesi. Ikwazi ikhono eliphakeme lokugcina ukushisa, hhayi ukuvumela u-steam, ukungenela ezindaweni ezilukhuni ukufinyelela. Izinto ezincane ezingapheli, eziqinile, ezinomsoco. Ukuqhuba ukushisa - 0,028 W / m. Phakathi kokungalungi okuyinhloko kwalesi sikhungo sokushisa - ukufakelwa kwempahla kanye nenani eliphezulu, kanye nobunzima bokusebenzisa.
- i-eco-friendly;
- indwangu yokotini;
- ecowool.
Lezi zinto azithinte impilo yezakhamuzi, cishe aziqukethe amakhemikhali amakhemikhali futhi azikhipha izinto ezinobuthi ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, banomoya omuhle kakhulu wokuphefumula, ukushisa nokushisa komsindo. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka uphahla ngezinto eziphathekayo ezinjalo, kufanele ulungele ukubeka imali enkulu.
Ukuze uhlele ingaphakathi lendlu, sincoma ukuthi sifunde kanjani ukufaka umshini wokukhanya, yenze wena bese ufaka umshini wokugeleza wamanzi ogelezayo, ususe upende omdala nomhlophe, ukucwilisa uphahla bese ubamba iphepha lodonga, indlela yokwenza i-plasterboard ukwahlukanisa ngomnyango noma ukugcoba izindonga nge-plasterboard.
Indima yokwehliswa kwemvelo ingenza futhi i-sawdust, i-algae, utshani, iphepha eligqinsiwe.
Uma ukugxilisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ubukhulu besendlalelo sokungena.
Kuzoxhomeka ezintweni ezilandelayo:
- isimo sezulu lapho indlu yakhiwa khona;
- ubukhulu bodonga;
- ukuphakama kwephayi lokuphahla.
Uyazi? ERussia, ama-penthouses njengendawo yokuhlala ayenziwa kusukela ngo-18 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Babebizwa ngokuthi i-mezzanines, i-gorenki, i-fireside. Kusukela ema-20s, ngemuva kokufika izindlu eziphezu kwezinto eziqondile, izindlu zezindlu ze-attic zikhohliwe. Futhi kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, baphinda abakhiqizi abanentshisekelo nabathengi bempahla.
Ubuchwepheshe bokushisa ophahleni lwaseMansard
Ake sihlolisise ubuchwepheshe bokungcebeleka kwangaphakathi nangaphakathi kophahla lwendlela ye-attic.
Ukusikisela kwangaphandle
Ukufudumala ngaphandle kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki ye-foam noma i-polystyrene enwetshiwe. Yenziwa ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendlu noma emva kokuvuselela uphahla oluvulekile. Iphayi lokuphahla libekwe ngale ndlela:
- Isendlalelo sokuqala - amapuleti we-polystyrene enwetshiwe;
- Isendlalelo sesibili - i-membrane yokuvimbela amanzi;
- Isendlalelo sesithathu - i-purlin enezikhala ze-ventilation;
- Isendlalelo sesine - impahla yokuphahla.
Ukuze uhlele insimu yendlu yangasese, mhlawumbe uncoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokwakha ikamelo elingaphakathi ne-ventilation, imvu yezimvu, inkukhu yezinkukhu, i-veranda, kanye nokwenza i-gazebo, ingadi yezitshalo, ibhentshi, i-pergola, i-barbecue, ucingo ngezandla zakho.
Ingaphakathi
Ukufudumala kwangaphakathi kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukulungiselela ukuhlanganisa izinto zokuxhuma.
- Ukubeka ukungena.
- Ukuqinisa ukushisa kwe-heat.
Ukufakwa (i-mini wool) kuyodingeka ukuthi ifakwe emaqenjini phakathi kwama-rafters. Ihlukaniswa izicucu 3-4 cm ubude kunomkhawulo phakathi kwezingodo. Kubalulekile ukuyibeka, kusukela emaphethelweni angaphansi ophahleni, kodwa.
Ukwakha isikhala sokungenisa umoya ukuze ususe umswakama owedlulele, udinga ukufaka isikhumulo sokushisa ngokuzifaka ngokuzibamba ezigodini zesitimela esibhekene nokhuni.
Phezulu kwezigqoko udinga ukufaka enye ingqimba elincanyana yokugxila. Ngaphezulu kokugxilwa (uma kwenzeka kukhonta) kukhona ifilimu yokuvinjelwa kwe-vapor, amajoyina ayo ahlanganisiwe. Okulandelayo, isakhiwo sihlanganiswe ne-batten, futhi ukukhipha okubonakalayo kwenziwa. Emva kwalokho, ungaqala ukuqedela ugwadule. Izinto ezivame kakhulu zokuqedela - i-fiberboard, i-plywood. Ukwengeza okungeziwe komsindo kuzokusiza ukudala ilanga elimiswe okwesikhashana.
Ngakho-ke, ngokufudumala kwangaphakathi, uphahla luzobukeka ngale ndlela:
- Isendlalelo sokuqala (ngezansi) - kuqedile;
- Isendlalelo sesibili - i-purlin enegebe lokuphuza umoya;
- Isendlalelo sesithathu - i-vapor barrier ifilimu;
- Isendlalelo se-4 - ukufakwa kwezinto ezinqabeni ezimbili;
- Isendlalelo sesishiyagalombili - i-membrane yokuvimbela amanzi;
- Isendlalelo sesithupha - igebe lokungenisa umoya nge-crate;
- Isendlalelo se-7 - impahla yokuphahla.
Ukufudumala ekhaya lakho. Sikululeka ukuthi ufunde ukufudumala amafenisha ebusika bese ukhetha isitofu sokushisa
Indlela yokwengeza ngokwengeziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe
Kwezinye izimo, ukuze kutholakale ukuthungwa okungcono kokushisa, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhuma ziyasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, uboya obunamaminerali bubekwe phakathi kwezigqoko, futhi uhlelo lwe-truss luhlanganiswe ne-polystyrene foam.
Kodwa-ke, ngokufudumala okunjalo kunengozi yokuthi umswakama wamanzi angena ku-uboya wamaminerali ngeke athole indlela yokuphuma ngenxa yokungena kwamandla kwe-polystyrene eyandisiwe futhi izokwenza izimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayeluleka: uma unquma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuxilonga, khona-ke ekuqaleni, emva kokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi, faka i-polystyrene enwetshiwe engaphansi kwezingodo, futhi ngezansi - uboya obunamaminerali.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe ophahleni lwe-attic uhlobo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umthetho: ungqimba olungenhla lokugcizelela kufanele kube nokuphefumula okuphezulu kwe-vapor kanye nokuziphatha okwedlulele kune-low.
Indlela yokunakekela uphahla kanye nezinto zalo ezikhona
Uphahleni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lwakhiwe kanjani kahle futhi lwakhiwe kahle, ludinga ukunakekelwa. Ukuze kusebenze isikhathi eside, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale wenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ezibandakanya:
- ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kanye ngonyaka, okungcono entwasahlobo, ngokuhlola isimo sezingxenye, ukumboza, amakhetho;
- ukuhlanza nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka (kusukela eqhweni, amagatsha, ukungcola, umsila, i-lichen), okungcono kabili ngonyaka, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokugeleza.
Izici ukunakekelwa ophahleni kuzoxhomekeka kulokho okuhlanganiswe khona. Amathayili ensimbi nezithambile adinga ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile nge-shayela ephezulu yokushisa nokushisa. Futhi udinga ukuhlanzwa ngokucophelela kusukela eqhweni, uma kungezansi isikhathi eside.
Uphahla lwe-Shinglas luhlanjululwa iqhwa neqhwa, hlola ukuthembeka kwezingwegwe zezinyathelo zokuhamba, izigqoko kanye nezinsizakalo. Geza kanye njalo eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu. I-ceramic tile ayidingi imizamo eyengeziwe yokunakekelwa, udinga isikhathi kuphela sokususa iqhwa namagatsha.
I-slate igxiliwe nge-brush yensimbi kusuka emangcwabeni nase-lichen. Ukuze kuvikelwe isisombululo se-antiseptic.
Uyazi? I-progenitress yama-shingles anamuhla angabizwa ngokuthi ikhekhe lobumba, elishiswa elangeni. Uphahla olunjalo lwatholakala lapho kuthungwa izindawo zokuhlala zaseGibhithe zasendulo.
I-Ondulin kufanele ihlolwe kabili ngonyaka, ngo-Meyi no-Okthoba. Uphahla lwama-onduline kumele luhlanjwe ekuwa kweqabunga, kanti entwasahlobo - kusukela emanzini aqoqwe ngaphansi kweqhwa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphahla alulwanga ngamagatsha ezihlahla ezikhula eduze kwawo. Ucwaningo lwenqubo yokudonsa amanzi luyadingeka.
Isikhathi sokulungisa sizoxhomeka ekutheni uphahla, ngoba ukubonakala kwayo kunomsebenzi ohlukile wokusebenza. Isikhathi sokugqoka sinqunywa ngamunye endlini ngayinye.
Ekuphetheni, siyaqaphela ukuthi amakhaya anamakhadi awakhanga kakhulu labo abakhetha ikhaya elisha. Lelixazululo lezakhiwo ezithakazelisayo, eqinisweni, lifaka ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, okwenza okokuqala, ehlukaniswe nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-attic eyithakazelisayo nokuhlela phakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uphile ngokunethezeka egumbini elingaphansi kwephahla, kuyadingeka ukuba unakekele ukushisa nokuvalwa kwamanzi.
Утеплить мансардную крышу можно собственными руками. При правильно оборудованной вентиляции и верно подобранном современном качественном теплоизоляционном материале, а также при соблюдении строительных рекомендаций по устройству кровельного пирога это не составит большого труда.
Отзывы с интернета
I-pie yokugcoba kumele ibe: - ukuphahla ngezinto zokungenisa umoya emgodini - iplanli, (ukuphahlazeka kwephahla) min. 4 cm - i-hydroprotection yakho ihlanganiswe ngokuqondile emigqumeni - ukufakwa kwegazi - uboya obunamaminerali noma i-glass fibre yobuningi be-min. 160 mm (uma i-lambda yayo ingaphezu kuka-0.04 W / m2.K) - umgodi womoya (i-Yutafol N 110 ifilimu exhunywe namatheyipu e-Yutafol SP) - amapheshana noma amaphrofayli ophahleni ngokugxila - uboya obunamaminerali noma i-glass fiber yobuningi obuphelele 40 mm (uma i-lambda yayo ingaphezulu kuka-0.04 W / m2.K) - ibhodi lokulila
Inani eliphelele lemisebenzi kanye nezinto zokwakha: 112.000r. Izindleko ze-kW / m ziyi 750r.
Uma usebenzisa i-PPU, ke izindleko nge-kV / m ngayinye ngu-1250r. Umehluko ngu-500r nge-kV / m. Kuphahleni lonke, umehluko u-75000r ngokusuka kwesizinda esijwayelekile sokwakhiwa kwendlu, ngombono wami ukuthi le mali ayiyona enkulu (Ngicabanga ngeminyaka eminingi yokuhlala kule ndlu, izindleko zokushisa zibuyisela lezi zindleko.). Yebo, futhi izinto ezithathwe ukubalwa kokuqala zingezansi eshibhile, futhi uma uthatha izinto ezingcono kakhulu umahluko phakathi kW / m phakathi kokubili okukhethwa kuzoba yize kungaphansi !!
Nakuba isinqumo sami sisekela i-PPU
Yebo, khuluma ngokuthi uphahla lomklami womakhelwane ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izifudumezi namafilimu uneminyaka eyikhulu ubudala, engagudluli, ngoba i-attic enezintambo inezinhlaka eziqinile, okungeke kwenzeke uma i-attic igxiliwe. Kusesekhona i-vyvidyd enikeza umoya ogcwele wendawo yokuphahla.
