Lapho kusetshenzwa ukwakha indlu, kubalulekile ukuba unakekele ukufakwa kwezingodo hhayi ohlangothini lwendonga kanye nophahla kuphela, kodwa futhi nesisekelo sesisekelo, ukuze izindlu zesikhathi esizayo zifudumale futhi zingabizi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushisa. Namuhla sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe ngesikhathi sezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa isakhiwo esingaphansi kwesakhiwo ngaphandle, futhi sithole ukuthi yikuphi ukusikhipha okungcono okufanelekile kule njongo.
Ukukhetha okubonakalayo
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokufudumala phansi phansi, kuyadingeka ukhethe izinto ezifanele. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokugxila, kodwa phakathi kwezinto ezithandwayo kakhulu eziphuma e-polystyrene, i-foam ne-Foam. Cabanga ukuthi zihluke kanjani nokuthi yikuphi okungcono.
Uyazi? I-Penoplex yasungulwa e-USA ngo-1941, kodwa endaweni yokuthunyelwa kweSoviet yaqala ukusetshenziselwa njengesiheatri kuphela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90.
I-Polystyrene
Lokhu ukugxila kuyisimiso sokushisa kwesimanje esiphuthumayo. Kubizwa nangokuthi ipulasitiki ye-foam noma ipulasitiki ye-foam ephambili. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-polystyrene - ezithuthukisiwe futhi eziqhumayo. Phakathi kwabo, zihlukile kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi.
Ochwepheshe embonini yokwakha bavame ukusebenzisa i-polystyrene ekhishwe. 
Ibiza okungaphezu kokugquma, kepha kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa okuphansi;
- amandla;
- ubungane bemvelo;
- ukumelana nomswakama;
- ukuqina
Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nokwenza uphahla lwendwangu kanye nomdwebo we-mansard, nokuthi ungayiphahla kanjani uphahla nge-ondulin ne-tile yensimbi.
Izinzuzo ze-polystyrene, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuxilonga, ziyi:
- izindleko eziphansi;
- isakhiwo esikhethekile esingenayo futhi asivumeli umswakama, okugcina ubuqotho bamacwecwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
- impilo ende;
- ukulondolozwa kwezakhiwo zokushisa ukushisa kulo lonke isikhathi sokusebenza;
- "ukungabi nalutho" ngamagundane;
- lula ukufakwa kwemiklamo yokuvimba.
Ukungalungi kwe-polystyrene kufaka:- ikhono lokukhulula izinto ezinobuthi ezinobungozi uma kwenzeka umlilo;
- umfutho wokuphefumula, ngenxa yokuthi isikhunta kanye ne-fungus zingakhula, izakhiwo ezibhubhisayo futhi zithinte kakhulu isimo sezulu esingaphakathi.
Uyazi? I-Polyfoam yasungulwa ummithi waseJalimane u-Edward Simon ngo-1839. Kodwa esebenziseka ngokugcwele emakethe yezimboni, yaqala kuphela phakathi nekhulu lama-XX.
I-Penoplex
I-Penoplex - ukugxila okusha okuqhubekayo okuphumelela kakhulu ngokugcina ukushisa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-penoplex ukucindezela okukhulu nokushisa kusetshenzisiwe, okuthinta ama-granules wezinto eziphathekayo, zigcwala futhi zigcwele umoya. 
Isici esilandelayo sibonakala ngesakhiwo esihlelekile, esinamaseli amancane ahlukile, okuvumela ukuba ugcine ukushisa kahle.
Izinzuzo zePenoplex zihlanganisa:
- impilo ende;
- conductivity low thermal;
- umswakama obuncane obumpofu;
- amandla okucindezela;
- ukulula nokulula kokucubungula nokufakwa;
- ubungane bemvelo;
- umsebenzi wamakhemikhali aphansi;
- i-biostability esiphezulu, okusho ukumelana nokubola nokubola kwezinto.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokwenza ucingo lwe-gabions, izitini, ucingo lwe-picket, ukubopha kwe-chain-link kanye ne-wicker kocingo lwokhuni ukunikeza.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi ze-Penoplex, kunomphumela owodwa oyinhloko - ikhono lokuqhaqhazela futhi lishaye uma izinga lokushisa eliphakanyisiwe lingalandelwa. 
Ipulasitiki ye-Foam
I-Polyfoam iyisici esikhethekile se-foam, ama-granules angu-98% emoyeni. I-Polyfoam ibhekwa izakhiwo ezinhle zokushisa okushisa, ngakho-ke, yayisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Foam ukuze zihlukaniswe zihlanganisa:
- eshibhile;
- ukuhlala;
- conductivity low thermal;
- kulula ukucubungula nokufaka;
- umsebenzi wejubane eliphezulu.
Izinkinga ze-Foam zihlanganisa:
- i-fragility;
- isidingo sokwenyuka umoya;
- ikhono lokuthola umswakama;
- ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ngesikhathi sokushisa;
- ukuqhuma ngesikhathi sokuqhwala okukhulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi umonakalo ovela ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngokuqondile.
Ukumba isisekelo esizungeze umjikelezo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele ekutheni usatshenziswe phansi phansi kwesisekelo, kubalulekile ukumba isisekelo phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsele ugujwa nxazonke. Ububanzi obubanzi bomsele kufanele okungenani kube ngamamitha ayi-1.
Uma kwakhiwe indlu entsha, inqubo yenziwa lula, ngoba akudingeki ukuba umbe esisekelo - ukugxila kwayo kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokwakhiwa.
Ukulungiswa kwendawo
Leyo ngxenye yesisekelo, eyayingaphansi komhlabathi, kanye nengxenye eyayingaphansi komhlabathi, ihlanzwa ukungcola kanye nezicucu zekhonkrithi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-spray noma i-pressure washer ephezulu. Uma ungenalo amadivaysi anjalo, ungasebenzisa ibhulashi ejwayelekile bese ulihamba phezu kwendawo yonke, uhlanza ngokucophelela isisekelo.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa amanzi ukuhlanza isisekelo, kuyadingeka ukuba umise ubuso, ukwenza lokhu, ukumisa umsebenzi izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukwenza amanzi
Uma kunengozi yokungena ngaphansi kwesisekelo kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba afika eduze nomhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe. Ngenxa yalokhu, phansi komsele uhlanganiswe nesihlabathi, futhi i-geotextile ihlelwe phezulu, lapho kuthululwa khona ungqimba lwamatshe.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi ungabamba kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha lodonga, ukufaka amafrimu amafasitela ebusika, ukususa umhlophe emgqeni ophahleni nasendaweni endala kusuka ezindongeni, ukufaka umshini wokukhanya, isikhwama sodonga, nendlela yokufaka izimpumputhe kumafasitela, uhlelo lokushisa amanzi kanye nesistimu yokumisa umoya .
Emgodini kufakwe ipayipi ekhishwa ngamapulangwe, ekugcineni okumele kuholele kumqokeleli. Ipayipi ihlanganiswe nge-geotextile futhi ifakwe ingxube yeshlabathi namatshe.
I-plaster base yokugqoka nge-primer
Izindonga ezomile zendlu encane engaphansi komhlaba ziboshwe nge-primer-based primer. Leli thuluzi lizovumela ukugcwalisa yonke imifantu kanye nama-pores angaphezulu, futhi inikezele kangcono ukungena kwamanzi kwisisekelo. 
Ukubeka ukungena kwamanzi okuzenzekelayo
Kudingeka ukufakwa kwamanzi okuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi ukuze kuvinjelwe umswakama ukungena endaweni yokukhonkolo. I-polyurea ingasetshenziswa njengento yokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi - isetshenziswa efomini eliketshezi, okwenza kube nesigqebhezana esinomzimba esincane nesigcina.
Uma kungabikho imithwalo yemishini embranini, ukuvikelwa kokungena kwamanzi kuyohlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Uma le ifilimu ibonakalisiwe, le ndawo iphathwa nge-polymer encane - emva kwalokho isayithi elilimazayo ngeke liphazamise ukuqina kwesendlalelo.
Kanti futhi kaningi kakhulu ukuthi irayibheji yetshezi iyasetshenziswa njengempahla yokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi - ibonakala ngokuphila komncanyana kunokuphila kwe-polyurea, kodwa kubiza kakhulu. Ithuluzi elinjalo lingathengwa kakade efomini eliphelile. Ukuze kusetshenziswe, ivele ixutshwe futhi isetshenziswe phezulu nge-spatula.
Ividiyo: isisekelo sokungena kwamanzi
Njengengxenye kunezinto ezinqamulelayo zokungena amanzi, i-bitumen-Based roll material isetshenziswa; ihlanganiswe nomshini wokushisa, ukushisa okuqukethwe ku-50 ° C, futhi isetshenziswe kwisisekelo. Ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okunjalo kuyadingeka ekuqondeni kusuka phansi phezulu.
Kukhona nezinto zokwakha (isibonelo, "TECHNONICOL") ezingadingi ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga aphezulu okushisa. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-prime yebhitumini phezulu futhi ususe ifilimu evikelayo, amashidi ephathekayo agxiliwe phezulu futhi anamathele kuso. Umngcele ongaphezulu we-insulation uhlanganiswe nesitimela esikhethekile.
Ukulungiswa kwamashidi wokuqhafaza
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufudumala isisekelo, kubalulekile ukuphawula ngosizo lwezinga elingezansi lapho amapulethi azohlanganiswa khona. Kudingekile ukubeka izinto zokwehlukanisa kusukela ekhoneni lesisekelo.
Ukuze ugweme ukubunjwa kwezingqimba ezide, ungenza ama-gluing amaphethini ephethini lokuhlola. Ekuqaleni, ukugxila kufakwe engxenyeni engezansi kwesisekelo, ngakho-ke yonke imigqa ifakwe phezulu. 
Ukuze ulungise ukusebenzisa i-glue ekhethekile, esetshenziswa ekugcineni futhi phakathi nendawo. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-adhesive, udinga ukulinda umzuzu bese uqhubeka nokufaka amashidi kwisisekelo.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele kube khona amathrekhi okuxazululwa kwemvelo ehlangene, okungaba nomthelela obhubhisayo ekukhusheni.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, baphonswa kahle phezulu futhi bahlelwe kuwo imizuzwana embalwa. Ukushaywa kweglue kwenzeka kancane kancane, ngakho uma uthola noma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukufakwa kokungahambisani okungenalutho, ungayilungisa ngokumane uphendule amashidi ekhoneni elifunayo.
Uma udinga ukunamathisela esinye isendlalelo sokusikisa, kufakwa iphethini lokuhlola ukuze isendlalelo esiphezulu sigqoke umcengezi wesendlalelo esingaphansi - lokhu kuzofaka isandla ekungeneni okushisa okungcono. Ukuthinta isendlalelo esiphezulu akufani nebuchwepheshe kusukela kokuhlanganisa ungqimba olungezansi lokusikhipha.
I-Dowel
Leyo ngxenye yesisekelo, ezobe ingaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi, ayidingi ukuqina okungeziwe - emva kokuqedwa komsebenzi wokufaka, ifafazwe nje ngomhlaba. Ingxenye engeke ibe yimpuphu kufanele ihambisane nama-dowels akhethekile. 
Zibonakala nge-plastic wide cap perforated, ngenxa yokuthi ukugxilongwa kuphethwe ngokuqinile ngokumelene nodonga. Ukuze unamathele amathanga ekungeneni, izimbobo ziboshwe ngendlela yokuthi zifake ukhonkolo ngo-4 cm, emva kwalokho zifaka amathrekhi.
Kubalulekile! Ubukhulu bendolovu bukhethiwe ngokuhambisana nobukhulu kanye nenani lezingqimba zokungena.
Ukuvala izikhala
Lapho ukufakwa kwe-insulation kugcwaliswe ngokugcwele, izigxobo kufanele zilashwe ukuze kutholakale kangcono ukugxila. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa uhlaka lwe-bituminous noma i-foam evamile ekhulayo.
Inqubo yokufaka izigxobo zomzimba ilula kakhulu futhi iqukethe ukucubungula izindlela ezikhethiwe zezingxenye ze-butt zokuqapha. Uma i-bituminous compound isetshenzisiwe, zigcwalisa izintambo eziqhamukayo. Uma usebenzisa i-foam, ngemva kokuba isomisiwe ngokuphelele, zonke izimo ezingalungile ziyahlwitha. 
Ukuhlanza
Ngemva kokuvala izikhala, ungaqala ukuphinda ugcwalise umsele. Ngalesi sizathu, isitshalo esisetshenzisiwe esomile sisetshenzisiwe, lapho uhlaka lwesansi lomsele ludluliselwa khona. Emva kwalokho, ihluzo elixutshwe nesihlabathi lithululwa phezu kwesihlabathi. I-cushion yama-gravel izoba yisisekelo esihle sokufudumala ungqimba lomhlabathi.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokufaka iminyango yesigaba, indlela yokugcoba kahle umnyango, ukwenza isahluko se-plasterboard nomnyango, indlela yokugubha izindonga nge-plasterboard, indlela yokwenza izinkuni ezikhuni zokhuni kanye nekhonkrithi, indlela yokwakha ichibi, ukugeza kanye ne-veranda endlini.
Ukushaya
Ukuvikela ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali emithonjeni yamakhemikhali, okuhlala njalo emhlabathini, ukuqinisa umthambo we-fiberglass uhlelwe ezindongeni futhi ubeke ungqimba oluncane lwesisombululo sokugqoka ukungena kwamanzi.
Ividiyo: isitezi (esezansi) ukugxila ngezandla zabo
I-Formwork ngaphansi kwendawo eyimpumputhe
Ukwenza ifomu, kuyadingeka ukunquma ububanzi bendawo eyimpumputhe. Kungaba kusuka ku-70 cm kuya ku-2 m futhi kuxhomeke ezigabeni zenhlabathi. Uma umsele wawugcwele isihlabathi kanye namatshe, kunconywa ukwenza indawo eyimpumputhe 1 m ububanzi. Amafomu okwakhiwa kwekhonkment eyimpumputhe ayovimbela ukusakazwa kwesisombululo sekhonkrithi futhi anqume ukuthi i-geometry iyini.
Seluleka ukuba ufunde mayelana nokwenza indawo eyimpumputhe ekhaya ngezandla zakho.
Ingxube yegridi kanye nesihlabathi kufanele isetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka nge-rake, besebenzisa iveli ukuze amafomu akhiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebubanzi obakhethiwe nguwe, kuyo yonke indawo yesisekelo, izikhonkwane zihanjiswa phansi. Ngaphambi kwazo, amapulangwe azinkuni aphakanyisiwe ahlanganiswe ndawonye, ukuze kutholakale uhlaka olungenalutho.
Ngemuva kokuthi ifreyimu yenziwe, kubalulekile ukwenza amalunga wokunweba ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kokhonkolo emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabhodi a-2 cm ubukhulu afanelekile - afakwe enqenqemeni engqenqemeni kuya kwesakhiwo nesisekelo, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe ngu-2 m. 
Ezingxenyeni zebhodi zifakiwe nge-diagonally kusukela ekhoneni lesisekelo kuze kube sekhoneni lefomu. Uma sicabanga ukuthi injongo eyinhloko yendawo eyimpumputhe ukuvikela isisekelo emanzini ngesikhathi sezimvula neziqhwala, kufanele kwenziwe nge-slope, ngoba leli bhodi lifakwe engxenyeni encane ukusuka kwesakhiwo kuze kube semkhawulweni wefomu.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuqhafaza sebenzisa izikrini zokuzibamba okwenza kube lula ukuzithatha.
Kunconywa ukuthi iguqulwe kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-10%; inani eliphakanyisiwe lingu-5%. Ngenxa yalokhu umehluko, amanzi azosheshe asuke odongeni lwesakhiwo. Ngaphambi kokufaka amabhodi ezinxephezelo kwisakhiwo sefomu, hlola ukuthi bane-angle efanayo yokuthambekela esebenzisa izinga.
Uma ifreyimu yefomu isilungile, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokufakwa kwamanzi okuvikela ukungena kwamanzi nokugxilonga, kanye nokufaka isikhwama sokuqinisa, ubukhulu beseli okufanele bube ngu-10 ngo-10 cm.
Ividiyo: indawo eyimpumputhe ezungeze indlu ngezandla zabo
Ukuthutha ngokuqondile
Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izinyathelo zokulungiselela ifomu ziphelile, ungaqala ukuthululela ukhonkolo. Ingathengwa kwisitshalo sekhonkrithi noma kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi unamakhwalithi aphezulu.
Uma uhlela ukusindisa nokwenza ukhonkolo, lokhu kufanele usebenzise isamente (ingxenye engu-1), isihlabathi (izingxenye ezimbili) nelitshe elichotshoziwe (izingxenye ezintathu):
- Okokuqala, amanzi amancane nesimenti afakwa kumxube ukuze athole ubuningi obukhulu kakhulu.
- Khona-ke kuthululwa okuncane.
- Zonke izingxenye zixubene imizuzu emithathu.
- Esigabeni sokugcina, isanti lengezwe kumxube.
Kubalulekile! Ukwenza ukhonkolo kungaba qhubeka ngokuzimela kuphela uma uke waba nalolu phiko, ngoba kukhona ubuchwepheshe obucacile kanye nama-nuances amaningi ukuthi, uma kungalandelwa, ukhonkolo ungaphazamisa futhi ngeke uhlale isikhathi eside.
Ngokuvamile, amabhodi ezinxephezelo ahlala efomini, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umuthi uyakwazi ukuthobisa umswakama futhi ukwandise, futhi uhlehlise ngemuva kokumisa, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwendawo eyimpumputhe.
Ngako-ke, ngemuva kokukhonjiswa khonkrithi futhi engazange iqondwe ngokugcwele, kuyadingeka ukususa amabhodi ezinxephezelo futhi ulinde isixazululo sokomile ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo usomile ngokuphelele, izigxobo ezishiywe ngamabhodi ezinxephezelo zigcwele i-mastic noma i-rubber ye-raber.
Ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo sokuqedwa esiphelile ngemuva kokumiswa okugcwele kwekhonkrithi kanye ne-mastic tile isethwe noma ezinye izinto - kuye ngokuthandayo.
Isisekelo Siqedile
Ngemuva kokuthi u-plaster usomile ngokuphelele, ungaqala ukuqeda isisekelo. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa izinto zokuhlobisa ngendlela yetshe noma i-tile yokufakelwa. Ungakwazi ukukhawulela umdwebo nge-bitumen noma upende ovamile.
Ividiyo: yenze ngokwakho u-trim
Ngakho-ke, ukufudumala kwesakhiwo esingaphansi ngezandla zakho kuyindlela enzima kakhulu futhi enzima. Kodwa-ke, uma ulandela zonke izincomo futhi uqaphela ukulandelana komsebenzi, ungathola umphumela omuhle ozogcina indlu efudumele futhi ehlelekile isikhathi eside.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
