Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhukhamba ezifanele ukukhula enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe

Ikhukhamba evamile iyisiko esinothando lokushisa esasiza kithi kusukela ezindaweni ezibandayo zaseNdiya. Uyabathanda abantu bethu ukuthi ngaphandle kwalo, kunzima ukucabanga imenyu yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ukuze usebenzise njalo lo mkhiqizo omnandi, ufunwa ukukhula uqobo. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, akulula ukwenza lokhu. Kodwa izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezibandayo kufanele zenze umzamo omkhulu ukuze zihlale zidla imifino etafuleni. Ukuze uhlakulele ngempumelelo isiko, sizonikeza amanye amathiphu ezakhamuzi ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zika ukhukhamba, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokulima
• Emhlabathini ovulekile
• Ngaphansi kwezinto zokuhlanganisa
• Esikhathini sokushisa
• Ukhukhamba enyakatho-ntshonalanga: amathiphu awusizo
• Ukubuyekeza

Izikhathi ezihlukahlukene zenyakatho-ntshonalanga

Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia kukhona uLeningrad, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Pskov, Novgorod, Vologda, izifunda zaseKaliningrad, iRiphabhliki yaseKarelia neKomi, isifunda se-Nenets Autonomous. Isifunda sisezingeni elincane futhi ingxenye yamabhande ase-subarctic.

Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zekhukhamba ezikhule kakhulu eSiberia, futhi yiziphi ezihloselwe ama-Urals.

Ukuba khona kolwandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubanda, kwenza izinguquko zaso esimweni sezulu, okwenza kube lula uma kuqhathaniswa nezifunda zalesi sibhande esijulile kuleli zwekazi. Kukhona njalo umswakama ophezulu, nakuba imvula ingawa kaningi kakhulu. Ama-winters anomoya omnene futhi afudumele. Ukushisa okuphakathi kukaJanuwari ngu -7 ... -9 ° С. Ngasenyakatho nasenyakatho, izinga lokushisa liyehla -11 ° -13 ° C. Ihlobo lipholile (15-17 ° С, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-20 ° С), elifushane, ngesimo sezulu esingavamile. Ukuphela kwe-autumn, ngezimvula ezinkulu. Usuku olukhanyayo lapha luyisikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zika ukhukhamba, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokulima

Ngenxa yomswakama okhulayo kanye nokungabi nesikhathi esivuthayo sokutshala ukhukhamba esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, izifo ezingavumelani namazinga okushisa aphansi futhi kufanele zikhethwe isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa.

Uyazi? Idolobha laseSudal lugubha usuku lweSikhumbuzo Lamazwe Lonke.

Emhlabathini ovulekile

"I-Vir 505". Ibanga le-hybrid, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi esifushane. I-Zelenets i-oblong oblong, iluhlaza obumnyama onemibala engaphelele yokukhanya. Ikhula ngo-10-12 cm ubude futhi ubude buka 3.5-4.5 cm ububanzi. It isisindo 90-00 g. Kusuka 1 imitha square. M ukuqoqa kuze kube ngu 4 kg ukhukhamba. Ukuhluma kwenzeka izinsuku ezingu-50 emva kokuhlwanyela.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-ukhukhamba zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: "Crispina F1", "Colonel Real", "Spring", "Hector F1", "Courage", "Masha f1".

Izinzuzo:

• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• ukhula ngokushesha;
• yonke indawo esebenzayo.

"State Farm". Ezihlukahlukene ezidumile ngenxa yokuthi isivuno singavuna ngendlela efanele. Izithelo zemikhiqizo 55-60 izinsuku emva kokutshala. Izithelo ziyingayizi ephakathi, enesisindo esingama-120-160 g. Umbala awufani, umbala omnyama obumnyama uphenduka kancane ube yi-green light. Izinzuzo:

• kuhle ukuphumula;
• izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zakuqala;
• okusetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa.

"Vyaznikovsky 37". Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kokuvuthwa kokuqala kwezinsuku ezingama-40 ngemuva kokufika. Ukukhiqiza kunika okuphansi - 2.6-3.2 kg ngesikwele ngasinye. m ngesisindo sesithelo sika-130 g. Zelenets ikhula cishe ubude buka-10-14 cm. Inombala obomvu ofanayo, ogcwele amahlumela amancane. Izinzuzo:

• kufanelekile ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uvaliwe;
• ekahle ukulondolozwa;
• ukumelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Uyazi? Abaholi bezwe ekukhiqizeni ukhukhamba bangamaShayina. Ngo-2014, bathengisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-56.8. Okwesibini yiRussia - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.8. Ivala amahlanu aphezulu e-Ukraine - amathani ayizi-940 eziyinkulungwane.

Ngaphansi kwezinto zokuhlanganisa

I-Petersburg Express F1. I-hybrid, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukuhluka okuphezulu (okufika ku-12.5 kg nge-1 sq. M). Isisindo esilinganisweni sekhukhamba cishe ngo-82 g ubude buka-12 cm nobubanzi buka-3 cm. Ukuvuna kungaqoqwa izinsuku ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuvuna izithombo. Izinzuzo:

• izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala;
• ukuphikiswa okukhulu kwezifo (powdery isikhutha, bacteriosis, izimpande ukubola);
• i-short-fruited;
• Zonke ukhukhamba zinobukhulu obufanayo.

Umthengi:

• akufanelekele ukulondolozwa;
• ikhulile kuphela ngaphansi kwekhava.

"Valdai F1". Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hybrid. Izithelo ezinsukwini ezingu-48-50 emva kokuhluma. Esinye isitshalo sinika izithelo ezine-4-5 kg. Ikhukhamba eyodwa inesisindo esingu-90-100 g ubude buka-10-11 cm. Izinzuzo:

• izinhlobonhlobo zenziwa ukukhethwa nokukhethwa;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• efanele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ngaphansi kwekhava lefilimu;
• ukumelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Umthengi:

• izimbali ikakhulukazi zihlobo lwabesifazane.

"Borovichok F1". I-hybrid yokuqala, impova ngezinyosi. Ukuvuna kungenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu 43-48 emva kokuhluma. Esinye isitshalo sinika izithelo ezingu-4.0-5.5. Isisindo semifino eyodwa eluhlaza ngu-80-100 g ubude buka-10-12 cm.

Ungakhula ukhukhamba hhayi ngendlela evamile emkhakheni ovulekile, kodwa futhi efasiteleni, emibhawulweni, emabhaketheni, ezikhwameni, ebhaleni, endaweni yokushisa.

Izinzuzo:

• ukusetshenziswa jikelele;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• ngaphandle kokufutheka;
• ikhula emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ngaphansi kwesiphephelo sesikhashana;
• abakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo ngaphandle kwempova.

F1 ngaphansi. I-Sredneranny hybrid impova ngezinyosi. Ukutshala kungavuna ezinsukwini ezingu 48-52 emva kokuhluma. Ama-Zelenets anesisindo esingama-80-105 g. Ubude - 8.5-11.5 cm. Kusuka ku-1 sikwele. Imibhede yekhukhamba iqoqa kuze kufike ku-12 kg yezithelo. Izinzuzo:

• ikhwalithi yokugcina okuhle, ukuphatheka kahle;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo esiphakeme;
• ngaphandle kokufutheka.

Umthengi:

• ingasetshenziswa kuphela efomu elisha;
• ibanga lifuna ukugqoka nokugqoka.

Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo eziningi azikho ukungalungi, njengoba ziyizinhlamvu.

Esikhathini sokushisa

"Mirashka F1". Okuhlukahlukene akudingi impova. Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-35-40 emva kokuhluma. Ikhukhamba enomphelo owenziwe, ohlangene. Ilinganiselwa ku-90-110 g, ubude - 10-12 cm. Umbala wesikhumba ushintsha kahle kusuka eluhlaza obumnyama kuya ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza. Ukunambitheka kumnandi. Q1 m imibhede ikhukhamba inika ku-10-12 kg yezithelo. Izinzuzo:

• ngaphandle kokufutheka;
• ibanga elingenakuzithoba emhlabeni wonke;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• isivuno esikhulu.

"Inhle". Isikhathi seminyaka ephakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingu-38-40 emva kokuvuna izithombo. Inikeza isivuno se-5-7 kg ngehora elilodwa. Isithelo sikhula ngobude kuze kufike ku-8-14 cm futhi sinesisindo esingu-120-150 g. Semibala eluhlaza obumnyama ngezingqimba zokukhanya kanye nepepe. Izinzuzo:

• ehluphayo ngaphandle kokufutheka;
• ukumelana nezifo namazinga okushisa aphansi;
• izithelo azishintshi;
• ukuzithoba.

Umthengi:

• Ngenxa yamabala amhlophe ubheka ukungaboni kahle ngezikhala;
• akwazi ukwakha ngaphandle uma ehlanza noma enomuncu uma esawoti;
• uma isisu sidutshulwa, isikhumba singaba nzima.

"Kuzya". Ukuhlunga okuvuthiwe okufakwe ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyizinsuku ezingu-40-42. Inikeza isivuno se-7 kg esitshalweni. Isithelo sikhula ngobude kuze kufike ku-5-7 cm, isisindo sika-70-90 g. Isikhumba sekhukhamba sinama-tubercles amancane. Izinzuzo:

• ekahle ngezikhala;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• ikhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.

Ukhukhamba enyakatho-ntshonalanga: amathiphu awusizo

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sezitshalo ezithisa ukushisa esifundeni esibandayo, kufanele wazi ezinye izici zokutshala.

Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo ekwindla ukuze umhlaba ubambe, futhi ukunambitheka kwesithelo akusho ukuwohloka.

Umhlaba. Ukhukhamba uthanda umhlaba onomsoco. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe laseRussia i-podzolic ne-peat-marsh iyaqhubeka. Kuzo, ukutshala izitshalo ngaphandle komanyolo wangaphambi kokusebenza akusizi ngalutho. Njengomanyolo ofanele umquba nomlotha. Uma utshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa inhlabathi ehlelekile.

Ukufika. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zingatshalwa kuphela lapho inhlabathi ivutha ku-10-12 ° C. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe noma izithombo ezitshalisiwe ziyesaba kakhulu ngeqhwa ebusuku, ngakho-ke kuphakanyiswa ukwakha indawo yokuhlala. Futhi, ukhukhamba akuthandi ukushisa. Kudingekile ukushayela imibhede ngesikhathi.

Ukunisela. Kumele kube neningi uma kungekho mvula isikhathi eside. Amanzi ngempela ngamanzi afudumele (30 ° C).

Thola ukuthi ukhukhamba wamanzi kaningi kangakanani futhi ngokufanele emkhakheni ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa.

Ukuxhuma. Kuyadingeka, lapho indawo yokukhosela isusiwe, ukuze uxolele imibhede. Ngendlela ye-mulch, ungasebenzisa umquba, utshani obomile noma utshani obunamanzi. I-Shelter ayivumeli umswakama ukuba uphume ngokushesha emhlabathini. Hlunga. Kudingekile ukukhetha amamaki angenakuqhathaniswa nokungahloniphi.

Njengoba ubona, nakuba isimo sezulu esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga sibanda, kungenzeka ukuthi sikhule ukhukhamba lapha. Kunconywa ukuthi wenze lokhu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo bese usondela ngokujulile ekukhetheni imbewu. Khona-ke etafuleni lakho kuzohlale kube izithelo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza futhi eziluhlaza.

Ukubuyekeza