Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-viburnum, nakuba sivame ukwethula lesi sitshalo njenge-shrub ephansi eneqoqo elibomvu lamajikijolo. Eqinisweni, umbala wamajikijolo awubomvu njalo, futhi ukuphakama kwe-shrub kungahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo. Okuphawulekayo ikakhulukazi yi-viburnum, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-black viburnum, isitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuhlobisa, esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa indawo nokuhlobisa izingadi.
Isici se-Botanical
Ukuziqhenya okuvamile kungokwezihlahla ezinqabile zomndeni wakwa-Adox. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuklanyeleni kwezwe, nakuba amajikijolo ayadliwa. Kodwa-ke, ekutheni izinga lokulima lingasebenzi, ngoba isikhathi sokuvuthwa samajikijolo sikhatsi eside kakhulu, futhi sivuthwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Namuhla kunenqwaba yezinhlobo ze-viburnum. Buka izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu.
I-viburnum emnyama ngumnikazi wesistimu yezinsizi ezinamandla kakhulu, yingakho ivame ukutshala emithambekeni yamabhange nemifula ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi.
Ukuziqhenya kukhula emhlabathini ocebile, uzizwa kahle ezindaweni ezivulekile nasezindaweni ezikhuni. Okuvamile kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo e-Europe Ephakathi. Ikhula futhi eningizimu yeYurophu. Umngcele wobubanzi bawo empumalanga ufinyelela eCaucasus, e-Ukraine nase-Asia Minor. Ukusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho kuthinta izindawo eziseningizimu zaseNgilandi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungatholakala kwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu ye-Afrika, okuyiMorocco nase-Algeria.
Uyazi? Igama le-viburnum ngesiRashiya livela egameni elithi "red-hot". Embonweni okhokho bethu, amajikijolo avuthayo abonakala sengathi akhanya elangeni, ngakho-ke aqhuma.
Shrub
Isihlahla se-black viburnum simude kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi sibukeka njengomuthi, sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angaba ngu-6. Umqhele ukhululekile, ububanzi obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4, kodwa ubukeka buhle kakhulu, ngoba wonke amagatsha namapheshana ahlanganisana, ngenxa yokuthi i-viburnum ine "cap" enamandla futhi enesibindi.
Amaqabunga asitshalo ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphikisiwe kancane futhi ane-oblong-oval, angakhula amakhulu futhi afinyelele amasentimitha angu-18 ubude, kunalokho aqinile futhi abanzi.
Wonke amagatsha, amahlumela kanye namaqabunga ahlanganiswe nemicu emhlophe emhlophe, ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo sibonakala siphunga. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ukuqhosha ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "ufulawa" noma i-shaggy shrub. 
Umbala wegxolo uvuthiwe njalo. Ngemuva kokuba umuthi ufinyelele eminyakeni engamatshumi amathathu, igxolo liqala ukuqhuma.
Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo amancane, afakwe ngokuqinile emabhulashini futhi ahlanganiswe amaqoqo e-oval. Ngemuva kokuthi i-inflorescences iwile, amajikijolo aluhlaza avela endaweni yawo, okuthi, njengoba evuthiwe, kuqala avule bese ephenduka omnyama.
I-Kalina isitshalo esiyingqayizivele salo hlobo, izakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo cishe azifani.Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele zinombala omnyama ocebile. Zincane kancane, kepha kunalokho zimanzi futhi zithandekayo. Kodwa amajikijolo abomvu angavuthiwe, ayamuncu futhi adla ukunambitheka, futhi awadli.
Uyazi? Ijusi kusuka amajikijolo omnyama ama-viburnum ezikhathini zasendulo yayisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kweyinki.
Izici zomuthi wezimbali
U-Kalina gordovina akayona yezitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha, ngoba ngonyaka ungeza ngamamentimitha angu-30 ubude. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuphila sesitshalo sikhatsi eside - cishe eminyakeni engama-60.
Umqhele owenziwe kahle, amaqabunga amahle amaqanda, angahle alahlekelwe ukuheha kwawo ehlobo noma ekwindla, faka lesi sitshalo ngezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuzijabulisa. 
Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, ewela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo, i-viburnum iba njengama-inflorescence amakhulukazi, ama-ambulumu e-whitish-cream, "umkhosi" wokuthunjwa umthunzi. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sithatha amaviki amabili kuya kwezingu-4, emva kwalokho izimbali ziwela, futhi endaweni yazo kukhona amabhulashi nama-berries e-ulethisi-aluhlaza. Kusukela isikhathi sokuvuna amajikijolo aseGordovina selulekile kakhulu futhi zonke zivuthwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene, izibhamu zibukeka zimibalabala, zibomvu.
Ukuziqhenya kukaKalina kuyisitshalo esingasithobeki sokuhlobisa, okuqinisa kahle umhlabathi owenziwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamathele kokubili isithwathwa nesomiso. Lihlala kahle ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lingesabi ukonakala kwengcolisi emoyeni futhi lingakhula ngisho nasemthunzini. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-black viburnum ayifuni neze igula, imelana nezidumbu ze-viburnum leaf. 
Lapho okuhle kukhula khona nge-viburnum
Ukuziqhenya kusho izitshalo ezingenakuzithoba. It ibekezelela ukushisa amaconsi futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Tshala isitshalo kungaba munye noma ngamaqembu. Ihlanganisa kahle nezinye izitshalo ezinamagatsha. Kufanelekile ukuhlanganiswa kwezwe landscape ngisho nokwakhiwa kwezingalo.
Izidingo zokukhanya
Ukukhanyisa i-viburnum emnyama akudingi. Iyakwazi ukukhula emthunzini, emthunzini oyingxenye, nasezindaweni ezivulekile, ezisebusuku.
Naphezu kokuthi izihlahla ezibekezelayo, ezikhulayo ezindaweni ezivulekile ziningi ukukhanya kwelanga ziyokwenza ubuhle bayo buveze ngokugcwele. 
Izidingo zomhlaba
Nakuba ukuziqhenya kuyisitshalo esimelana nesomiso, sisanda sikhula ngokushesha nangomhlabathi owande kakhulu. I-viburnum emnyama ngokwayo izwa kangcono kwi-chernozems ne-silty-loamy nenhlabathi ehlanjululwe nge-acidity ne-neutral noma ebuthakathaka, nakuba ingaba khona emhlabathini we-saline. Kodwa phezu kwe-peat, ishlabathi nesihlabathi se-podzolic, isitshalo sizizwa sibi.
Kubalulekile! Nakuba i-viburnum gorda iyakwazi ukukhula kunoma yiziphi izimo nakweyiphi inhlabathi, noma kunjalo nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwenhlabathi efanele, ukufaka umanyolo, ukugcoba kwenhlabathi okulinganiselayo nokutholakala mahhala kwelanga, kuyokhula futhi kuthwale izithelo ikakhulukazi.
Imithetho nemigomo yokufika
Watshala i-viburnum gordovinu emhlabathini ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Uma indawo ikhethwa emthunzini, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izwe likhule lapha, khona-ke ngeke liphazamise izinga lemibala kanye ne-fruiting. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zingcono kakhulu ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile yelanga, bese yonke imibala ingabonakala ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngini isikhathi esihle sokutshala ukuziqhenya okuvamile
Ukutshala amadolobha asezindaweni zasemadolobheni kungenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amaqabunga, futhi ekwindla, ngesikhathi seqabunga liwela futhi ngaphambi kokuvela kweqhwa lokuqala. Ukutshala entwasahlobo nasekwindla akufani, ngaphandle kokuthi uma imbewu yesitshalo itshalwa ngaphambi kobusika, amahlumela okuqala azoqothula kuphela ngo-Agasti, kanti ihlumela lokulala lizovuleka kuphela entwasahlobo ezayo. 
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo
Ukuziqhenya okujwayelekile kujabulise umqhele okhulu futhi uphahlale izimbali, lapho utshala izithombo emhlabathini uhambisana nalolu hlelo olulandelayo:
- ngesikhathi sokutshala (ekwindla noma entwasahlobo), khetha indawo yehlathi elizayo, futhi cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala ungeze imanyolo equkethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus emhlabathini, ungangezela i-peat;
- lungise umgodi wokufika, ngokususelwa ngobukhulu: ububanzi obungama-40 cm futhi cishe ububanzi buka-50-60 cm;
- bala ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo okungenani li-1.2-2 m;
- lungise inhlanganisela yenhlabathi (inhlabathi engumhlabathi kusuka ku-humus ne-peat, izipuni ezintathu ze-urea, 1 inkomishi yamapulangwe ash);
- engeza ingxube ethile yomhlabathi phansi komgodi wokutshala;
- cwilisa isikhukhula emgodini ukuze intamo impande ingekho amamentimitha angu-5 ejulile;
- gcwalisa umgodi ngenye inhlanganisela yenhlabathi elungiselelwe, kuyilapho ngokuthobeka ukulihlanganisa;
- yenza ukuchelela kokuqala, okumele kube nokuningi futhi kube okungenani amabhakede amathathu amanzi. Ungaguqa imbobo eduze nesayithi lokutshala, okudingeka uchithele amanzi;
- ngemuva kokuba amanzi ahlwithe kahle, futhi inhlabathi isixazulule kancane, isiqu kufanele sihlanganiswe. I-peat noma i-sawdust iyakulungele lokhu. Isendlalelo se-mulch kumele sibe nesigqinsi, okungenani amasentimitha angu-10.
Ukutshala i-viburnum gordovinyKule nqubo yokutshala iphelile futhi uqala isikhathi eside sokukhula kwe-shrub.
Indlela yokunakekela i-viburnum
Ukukhula okunamandla nokubukeka kahle, uKalina kufanele ahlale emanzi, aphephe futhi akhulule umhlabathi ukuze afinyelele kangcono umoya we-oxygen ezimpandeni. Cishe eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala, ungqimba lwe-mulch owabeka kuqala ususwe kumbuthano we-trunk, umhlabathi ukhululiwe ngokucophelela futhi uhlanganiswe nesendlalelo esisha se-mulch.
Ngidinga ukuphuza
Uma isitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa futhi kunesidingo sokubukeka okukhangayo, ukuchelela kuyadingeka, njengoba lesi sihlahla sithanda inhlabathi enomswakama. 
Okungenani, ukuphuza kuyisibopho kuze kube mzuzu lapho ukuziqhenya kuthatha izimpande. Kungcono ukuphuza i-viburnum encane kusihlwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama uya emhlabathini okungenani ama-40 cm.
Esikhathini esizayo, ungakwazi ukuphuza i-shrub omdala kanye ngesonto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela embusweni onjalo ngenkathi yokukhula nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe emjikelezweni we-pristvolny, umqhele wokunisela akudingekile.
Ungondla kanjani isikhwama
Ukukhula kwendle kanye nokulimala, i-viburnum ingafakwa umanyolo kabili ngonyaka (entwasahlobo nasekwindla) ngamanyolo wamaminerali noma kanye ngonyaka ngemifuno ephilayo.
Esikhathini sokuqala, entwasahlobo, umanyolo oqukethe i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen isetshenziswa kumjikelezo oseduze. Ekwindla ungenza umanyolo ofanayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen.
Kodwa uma kuhlwanyelwe umanyolo ophilayo kusuka kumanyolo obolile, kungcono ukuwenza ekwindeni ngenkathi umba umhlabathi, futhi umquba ungasetshenziswa nge-phosphorus ne-potassium. 
Kanti futhi entwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele indawo yokuqala, urea ungangeniswa enhlabathini (2 tbsp.), Futhi ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zivele, i-potassium sulphide (2 tbsp.).
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde amathiphu amahle kakhulu ekunakekelweni nasekufikeni kweViburnum Buldenezh.
Izihlahla ezifanele zihlumela i-gordoviny
Ukudubula kwalezi zinhlobo ze-viburnum kwenziwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ifihlekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagatsha amadala, omile nesifo asuswe ngokuphelele.
Ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha omqhele omnene futhi omuncu omqhele omude kunama-30-40 cm, mane nje ubeke izandla ngezansi.
Uma kunesidingo sokwakha ukuziqhenya ngesimo somuthi, bese kuthi ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, wonke amagatsha asemaceleni asusiwe, ashiya kuphela i-trunk ephakathi. Unyaka ngamunye amahlumela amasha namahlumela amasha azovela kuwo. Kumele zisuswe, zingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. 
Ukuze umqhele ube mnandi, iphuzu lokukhula kufanele lifakwe.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesitshalo kubanjwe kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-6-10, lapho cishe wonke amagatsha aqedwa ngokuphelele, kunezinhlamvu ezingaphansi kweshumi nambili zamagatsha angcono kakhulu.
Uma i-viburnum iyancipha ngesikhathi, ingavuselelwa empilweni, inqume isitshalo kude namamentimitha angu-30 ukusuka emhlabathini. Kulokhu, ukuqubuka okuzolala kuyovuswa, futhi isitshalo esisha siyakhula.
Izifo kanye nokwelapha izinambuzane
U-Kalina gordovina - isitshalo esingavumelani kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-viburnum ziyangena. Kodwa ezinye izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukulimaza kuso. Kungaba imvukuzane ye-molecule, i-aphid, noma isikhala se-comma. Kulezi zifo gordovina ingahle ihlupheke isikhumba se-spotting ne-powdery. 
Ngokunqotshwa kwezinambuzane noma ekuvimbeleni i-shrub ephathwe ama-insecticide. I-Karbofos iyakufanelekela kakhulu ukulwa nesihlangu, futhi i-trichogram iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqeda ama-aphid.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuziqhenya okujwayelekile, njengokunye uhlobo oluthile lwe-viburnum, kungathinta i-viburnum leaf beetle. Yiqiniso, i-viburnum emnyama imelana kakhulu nalesi sifo, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kusengaphambili kwenzeke. Kulesi simo, amahlumela kumele aphathwe nge-0.2% i-chlorophos.
Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteka yi-spotting ne-powdery isikhutha, ukwelashwa nge-fungicides kuzosiza. Kodwa ngokuvimbela izifo, kuyadingeka ukuphatha uKalina nge-infusions yegalikhi, anyanisi noma ugwayi. 
Ukumnika igalikhi
Uyazi? I-Kalina iyingqayizivele ngokuthi yiyona kuphela isitshalo esinamathambo enhliziyo.
Indlela yokusakaza uKalina gordovinu
Ukusabalalisa kwe-viburnum gordovina kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana: inzalo, ukwahlukanisa isihlahla, imbewu kanye nokusika.
Ama-offshoots
Ukuzala ngenzalo (ukubeka) kwenzeka entwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela e-coppice aguqa phansi futhi angcwatshwe emiphongeni engavamile engakaze ibe yilapho engakabanjwa, ubude obungaba ngu-10-15 cm.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla, inzalo izobe isenesikhathi sokutshala uhlelo lwempande futhi iqede kahle, emva kwalokho ingabe isetshenziswe ngokucophelela. 
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Viburnum ngokubeka
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza lungenzeka kuphela uma isihlahla sincane. Kulokhu, isitshalo akumele sakhiwe ngesimo somuthi, udinga ukushiya amahlumela ukuze uhlukanise. Isibonelo, amagatsha aphansi angaphonswa emhlabathini futhi agcinwe kule ndawo ngokusizwa kwidoksi. Khona-ke kufanele ufafaze phansi, unikeze umthunzi omncane futhi uvame ukuwuthambisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona okungenani izihlungi zokuvuselela ezi-3 kwisitshalo ngasinye esihlukene.
Ngonyaka olandelayo imiphumela izovele ibonakale. Futhi emva kweminyaka emithathu, izithelo zokuqala zizovela.
Ukukhiqizwa ngale ndlela kungenziwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. 
Uyazi? Izithelo ze-Viburnum zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-marmalade. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba i-viburnum iqukethe i-pectin eningi. -izinto ezinezici ezinezinkanyezi.
Imbewu
In viburnum gordovina ukuhluma okukhulu imbewu - 80%. Noma kunjalo, ukukhiqiza okunjalo akufanelekile ukulinda imiphumela esheshayo. Ngemuva kokufika, impande iqala kuqala. I-Ground stalk izovela ngonyaka ozayo kuphela. Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala lesi sitshalo sizokhula kancane, kodwa ngokushesha.
Uma ukhetha indlela enjalo yokukhiqiza, imbewu iyaqedwa ukuqala. Ezinyangeni eziyi-6-7 kumele zigcinwe esiqandisini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhluma okuphezulu, kuyinto efiselekayo yokuqhuba izinkambo ezimbili - izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala ukugcina imbewu ekushiseni ngaphakathi + 18 degrees + 20 degrees, nezinyanga ezingu-3-4 ezisele - ekushiseni okuvela ku -3 kuya ku -5 degrees. 
Imbewu yeViburnum
Ngemuva kokuklanywa, imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini, nokujula kokutshala akufanele kudlule u-3 cm.
Njengoba ihlumela elincane lingeke livele maduze, kungcono ukuqoka indawo ekhethiwe yokutshala njengendlela engcono yokutshala. Inhlabathi lapha idinga ukugcinwa imanzi, futhi ebusika kumele ihlanganiswe ngendwangu ye-peat noma amaqabunga.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayalulekwa ukuthi bafunde ukusakaza kanjani i-viburnum.Imbewu yokutshala ingenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Cuttings
Cut cuttings okwenziwa ehlobo, kungcono ekupheleni kukaJuni noJulayi. I-cuttings kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angu-10 ubude, futhi ngamunye kufanele abe namafihledi amabili. 
I-Viburnum isakazwa yi-cuttings Amaqabunga aphezulu ahlukaniswa ngesigamu, kanti ama-low asuswa ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika okungenhla kumele kube okuqondile, futhi okuphansi-oblique.
Ngemuva kokusebenza okwenziwe kahle, ama-cuttings alungele ukukhiqizwa kumele afakwe emanzini ahlanjululwe ngesikhuthazo sokukhula (isibonelo, "Korniy"). Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela athathe izimpande zokuqala, angatshala endaweni yokushisa noma e-hothouse.
Inhlabathi kumele ichithe kahle futhi ingabikho kahle. Ngalokhu unga, isibonelo, hlanganisa i-peat nesihlabathi ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. 
Futhi-ke, izinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Kungcono ukuhluma izitshalo ekushiseni okuvela ku-+22 kuya ku- +25 degrees.
Kubalulekile! Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ekushiseni okushisa, okubi kakhulu kwesigamu sesihlahla seqhwa sizoqothula.Futhi, ukushisa kufanele kube njalo umoya, kodwa akufanele kuvumele iziklamo nokugqithisa kwezitshalo. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, futhi inhlabathi enomswakama.
Ingabe i-shrub idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lapho ilungiselela ubusika?
U-Kalina gordovina ubekezelela ukushisa kakhulu ebusika kakhulu, ngakho akadingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwenkathi ebandayo. Into kuphela engenziwa ngokulindela isimo sezulu esibanda ukuhlola ungqimba lwe-mulch ku-circle yangaphambili. Kumele kube okungenani ama-5-7 amasentimitha. Uma ubukhulu besivele buncane, khona-ke ungangeza i-peat noma i-humus enqabile.
Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungakhula kanjani viburnum kusayithi lakho.Ukuziqhenya kukaKalina - isitshalo esihle sokuhlobisa esizoba umhlobiso wangempela wensimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo akulula ukukhula nokwanda. Ukuziqhenya okujwayelekile kungenakuzithoba ngokuphelele ezimweni zokukhula, kodwa enhlabathini enhle futhi ngokutholakala kokukhanya okukhanyayo kwelanga ukukhanyisa futhi kuveza izithelo ikakhulukazi obukhulu futhi obuhle.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi mayelana no-Kalina gordovin
EMoscow, ukuphakama kwezitshalo ezineminyaka engu-40 ubudala, ububanzi buka-5.6 m, ububanzi bomqhele buyi-3.5 m. Amahlumela, amaqabunga namagatsha we-inflorescences ahlanganiswe kakhulu ngezinwele ezimhlophe njenge-asterisks, okubizwa ngaso ngokuthi "ufulawa". I-oval-oval wrinkled ishiya kuze kube ngu-18 cm ubude buhle kakhulu. NgoJuni, izimbali eziningi ezimhlophe ezicwebezelayo ezimhlophe eziqukethe izimbali ezifanayo ziyaqhakaza. Ububanzi bembali elilodwa buba ngu-1.5 cm. Luqhakaza ngoMeyi-Juni. Ubude besikhathi semifino engu-15 - 25. Ukusuka embali ngayinye ke izithelo zenziwa. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo i-gorda ihle kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, zonke izithelo zibomvu, zikhanya, bese ziphenduka abamnyama, kodwa hhayi zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuze kube yilapho zonke amajikijolo sezivuthiwe, kukhona kokubili amajikijolo abomvu nabomnyama ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izithelo ezigcwele zivuthwe ngoSeptemba, zihlobisa lesi sitshalo izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-20.
Inamafomu okuhlobisa: i-variegated (f variegata) - ngamaqabunga e-yellow variegated; wrinkled (f. rugosa) - nge-inflorescences amakhulu kanye namaqabunga amakhulu, anamaqabunga amaningi.
