Izici zokutshala isipiliyoni ekhaya, izindlela

Embusweni wonke wama-mushroom, amakhowe ama-honey awaveleli nje kuphela ukunambitheka kwawo okuhle nokukhula okusheshayo, kodwa futhi nokufaneleka kwawo ukulima okufakelwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ifinyeleleka futhi iyathakazelisa kangangokuthi ngisho nezingane zingenziwa ekukhiqizeni amakhowe. Indlela yokuhlela ingadi yama-mushroom futhi njalo uthola isivuno esivulekile kuwo - sizokutshela okuqhubekayo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Kusuka emzimbeni wesithelo
• Kusukela ku-mycelium
• Izimo
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Substrate
• Izindlela
• Ebhange
• Esikhathini sokushisa
• Ku-stumps

Ubuchwepheshe

Ukukhishwa kwe-honey agarics ekhaya kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana. Ngokuvamile amabhange, izikhwama zepulasitiki, izigxobo eziqhelile noma izithombo zokugcina izetshenziselwa lokhu. Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe buxhomeke endleleni yokuthola imbewu.

Uyazi? Amakhowe avele ngaphambi kwama-dinosaurs - eminyakeni engaba izigidi ezingu-400 edlule. Empeleni, kanye nama-ferns, bangabakhileyo endala emhlabeni.

Ngokuhlwanyela amakhowe, ungasebenzisa umzimba wesithelo we-fungus noma i-mycelium. Ngayinye yezinketho ezihle ngokusebenza kwayo kanye nezindleko ezincane.

Funda ngezinzuzo zamakhowe amhlophe, amakhowe, amakhowe, ama-boletus, ama-toadstools, ama-shiitake, ama-reishi, ama-cheeses, ama-tinder, ama-chaga.

Kusuka emzimbeni wesithelo

Ukuze uzalise amakhowe kusuka emzimbeni wesithelo, udinga ukususa ama-caps kusuka kumifanekiso edala engaphezulu. Njengomthetho, ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-8 cm, kanti uhlangothi oluphambene luhlukaniswa nombala omnyama omnyama.

Ngemuva kokuvuna izinto eziwusizo, kuhlanganiswe ngamanzi, futhi emva kwamahora angu-24 (ngaphandle kokuhlanza nokugeza), izigqoko ze-mushroom zigujwa ngqo esitsheni se-mushy esitsheni.

Khona-ke, i-slush eyabangela idluliselwa nge-gauze emibili. Indima yenzalo izothola lo mkhulumeli, oqoqwe esitsheni seglasi, bese uthele ngezinkuni ezitsheni noma ezigodini.

Abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayeluleka ukwenza izikhala ezincane ngezikhala ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Zidinga ukuqoqa amanzi nama-mushroom spores kuwo. Uma izitshalo zihlwanyelwa, yonke imifantu ebusweni kumele ivalwe ngamanzi omuthi noma i-sawdust, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuphela.

Le ndlela inhle kakhulu ekukhuleni amakhowe nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka endlini.

Ividiyo: indlela yokuthola i-mycelium emzimbeni wesithelo sefungal

Uyazi? Isangulu njengoba kungase kuzwakale, amakhowe angashisa ilanga; ngesikhathi esifanayo bakhiqiza i-vitamin D. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokukhanyisa, i-cap ihlanganiswa nesikhumba.

Kusukela ku-mycelium

Uma phakathi "nokuzingela okuthulile" ehlathini ukwazi ukuthola uhlamvu oluthile lwezinkuni ezibolile nge-mycelium, ungazama ukulichitha ekhaya. Ngalokhu kufanele uhlukanise ihlathi uthole izicucu ze-2x2 cm. Zizosebenza njengezinto zokufakelwa ukuze zibekwe emigodini eyenziwe ezinhlangothini zesitembu.

Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, zivaliwe, njengenguqulo yokuqala, nge-moss. Kubalulekile ukugoqa izinhlangothi zokugcina zesitshalo ngesikhwama seplastiki. Kuzosiza ukugcina izinkomba ezidingekayo zokushisa nomswakama.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mycelium kusebenza kuphela ekwindla. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda, izinkuni ezinezitshalo ze-mushroom zizodinga ukumbozwa ngamagatsha e-coniferous. Uma isitshalo sisemgwaqweni, entwasahlobo lapho kuqala khona i-thaw, i-mycelium ingonakaliswa ngamanzi ancibilikile. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuphela kwesitshalo nokuwavikela emanzini amaningi. Kuze kube sekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuhlanza njalo izinkuni namagatsha amafir kusuka eqhweni.

Kudingekile ukuhlanza isakhiwo sokumboza kusuka emagodini ahlwanyelwe i-mycelium eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJuni - amakhowe ehlobo, nasemasontweni okugcina kaJulayi - kubusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhowe afaka isigaba se-fruiting.

Inzuzo yalolu buchwepheshe ikhono lokutshala amakhowe ezimweni zomgwaqo.

Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala amakhowe kusukela esitsheni esidala

Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokunambitheka kwabo okuphezulu, uju amakhowe abonakala ngezimpawu eziphazamisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze izihlahla zezithelo zingenwe igciwane esitokisini ngamakhowe, kubalulekile ukuvikela isitshalo esitshalwe ngomsele ngamanzi angama-30 cm nobubanzi obuyi-10 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuba uphume emkhunjini othelelekile ngamamitha amabili.

Abaqalayo kufanele bacabange ukuthi yizinhlobo eziningi zobunjwa be-honey agarics, kuphela ukuhluka kwehlobo nobusika okufanele ukulima ukukhiqiza. Ezindaweni ezincane, ukhetho lokugcina luyathandwa kakhulu, ngoba aludingi izimo ezikhethekile zokuhluma.

Amakhowe asehlobo, ngokungafani nabalingani bawo basebusika, adinga amasheya akhethekile, ama-hangars noma amabhokisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igumbi liyodinga ukudala i-microclimate ehle. Uma ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamakhowe kungabandakanyi ezinhlelweni zakho, kwanele ukuthola amagatsha amakhulu, iziqu ezindala noma ama-chips avamile.

Funda indlela yokutshala amakhowe, ama-oyster amakhowe, ama-truffles.

Ungahamba ngenye indlela - izinhlayiya ze-stump ebekwe igciwane emgodini. Bese-izingodo ezincane eziningana zokuphakama okufanayo kufanele ziboshwe futhi "zitshalwe" emgodini.Lezi "hemp" okufanele zibekwe kude 1-1.5 m

Izimo

Uma ufaka ilogi elitshalwe ngama-mushroom mycelium efulethini bese ulinde isivuno kulo, awunakwenzeka ukuphumelela. Ukuze amakhowa-uju amatheke kahle, udinga ukunakekelwa kwezimo ezihle. Kulokhu sidinga:

• indawo yamahhala cishe ngamamitha ayizi-15-20 square (ukushisa okufanelekayo, igumbi elingaphansi, indawo evulekile egcekeni, ngisho ne-windows evamile)
• umswakama ophezulu (cishe - 70-80%);
• ukushisa okuqhubekayo ezingeni lika-10-15 ° С ebusika kanye no-20-25 ° С ehlobo;
• ngisho, kodwa hhayi ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo (uma sikhuluma ngokulimala okuhlangenwe nakho ezindaweni ezivulekile, kunconywa ukubeka iziqu ezindaweni ezifakiwe emagcekeni - amakhowe akumele ame futhi ahlale ngaphansi kwelanga);
• ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhamba (kungenjalo i-carbon dioxide engaphezu kwesikhulu ayengeke ivumele i-mycelium ukuba ithuthuke).

Uyazi? Amakhowe abizwa ngokuthi izidalwa eziphilayo kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke. Le mbono iqinisekiswa yilokho okulotshwe emazweni aseWisconsin nase-Oregon. Esimweni sokuqala, ngo-1985, izakhamuzi zendawo zakhubeka ngamakhowe amhlophe amhlophe ayelinganiselwa ku-140 kilogram. Ukuze uzifake, abadala ababili kwakudingeka ukubamba izandla. Ukutholwa kwesibili - I-Oregon mycelium enkulu, eyayihlala endaweni engamahektha angu-900 futhi yayilinganisa amathani angamakhulu amaningana.

Ukushisa okuqinile kanye nomswakama ophezulu esitejeni - ekahle ekukhuleni amakhowe.

Funda indlela yokukhulisa i-mycelium ekhaya.

Ukulungiswa kwe-Substrate

Yiziphi amakhowe angeke akhule. Ukulima kwabo okuphumelelayo endaweni yokufakelwa kuzodinga ukulungiselela inhlabathi ekhethekile. Njengomthetho, ubeke ezigodini, izikhwama, noma ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokushisa.

I-substrate yensimu yama-mushroom ilungiswa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbili ze-sawdust encane (ingashintshwa yi-husks imbewu ye-sunk) kanye nama-shavings ayi-1. Zonke izithako zixutshwe kahle, bese ziphekwe emanzini. Khona-ke ingxube ye-chip-sawdust ilahliwe ibe i-colander futhi ihlile.

Kumele ube nesisindo esinokuvumelana ngokulingana. Kuzodinga ukwengeza isitashi, kanye nofulawa we-corn andal oatmeal. Inani lazo zonke izithako zokudla okunomsoco kubalwa ku-8:25:25 kilogram ngayinye ye-substrate. Le substrate ilungele ukulima uju emabhange.

Uma unethuba lokwenza ama-mushrooming ezimweni zokushisa, kuzodingeka ulungise isakhiwo se-substrate se-sawdust, i-oats noma ibhali, u-choki noma i-limestone. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-sawdust emithini ekhuni.

Ividiyo: i-substrate eyinkimbinkimbi yokutshalwa kwe-agaric ebhange, ukuhlwanyela

Kubalulekile! Amakhowe asehlobo asetshalwe esikhathini kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuAgasti.

Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe ngokulandelana okuthile:

1. Okokuqala, ama-200 g we-sawdust eyomile athululelwa ngama-2 amalitha amanzi abandayo futhi ephekwe ngaphezu kokushisa okuphansi cishe amahora amabili.
2. Esikhathini sesisindo sehlile ku-25 ° C, engeza ama-70 g we-oats kanye ne-1 isipuni se-choki (noma abafaka esikhundleni sabo).
3. Ingxube ifakwe kahle futhi ihlanganiswe ngezikhwama zeplastiki.

Funda kabanzi mayelana namakhowe angenakudliwa futhi angadliwayo, ukuthi ungawahlukanisa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zomzimba ezivela e-agaric.

Izindlela

Ngokusekelwe ezimweni zendawo yokufakelwa lapho uhlela ukutshala amakhowe, khetha indlela efanele. Izimbiza zeglasi, izithombo zokugcina zokugcina izithombo kanye nezitshalo ezivamile zithandwa ikakhulukazi nabalimi be-mushroom banamuhla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela yokuqala ingaqalwa ewindini ekhishini, okwesibili - ekamelweni elikhethekile, nelesithathu - ensimini. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ubuchwepheshe bokulima befungushi ngayinye yazo.

Ebhange

Inzuzo yokukhiqizwa okusemathinini ye-honey agarics ukungabi namsebenzi kwezindawo ezinkulu, izindleko eziphansi nokutholakala kobuchwepheshe. Kusebenza kuphela ngezinhlobo zasebusika zama-mushroom (flamulin) futhi kwenziwa kanje:

1. I-substrate elungiselelwe igcwele izimbiza ngo-2 kwezintathu futhi ihlanganiswe.
2. Khona-ke isitsha seglasi siyathunyelwa ngenzalo. Amabhange afaka embizeni enkulu yamanzi abilayo futhi agwetshwe ngaphezu kokushisa okuphansi cishe imizuzu engama-60. Inqubo iyadingeka ukuze igciwane lesisimo semithi. Ekuseni kuyadingeka ukuphinda.
3. Uma itanki lipholile, endaweni engaphansi kumele udinga i-groove phansi. Ngalokhu udinga induku enokhuni ekhuni yobude obufanele. Ngale ndlela umgodi we-mycelium uyatholakala. Okufanelekile, ububanzi bayo abufanele kudlule u-2 cm.
4. Emgodini nge-syringe yezokwelapha wabeka i-mycelium.
5. Imbiza ivaliwe ngesivalo se-nylon ngemigodi futhi ifaka endaweni efudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingekho ngaphezu kuka-24 ° C. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umswakama ezingeni lika 85-90% kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhava yomswakama njalo ihlanganiswe nekotini emanzi.
6. Amahlumela azovela cishe ngenyanga, futhi ngemuva kwamaviki angu-2.5 ngemva kwalokho, ungabona amakhowe wokuqala. Lapho amahlumela elula, amabhange azodinga ukuhlelwa kabusha efasiteleni elisenyakatho. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lalilingeni lika 14-15 ° C.
7. Amabhodlela asuswa lapho amakhowe eqala ukufinyelela entanyeni yembiza. Kubalulekile ukumboza le ngxenye yesitsha ngenhlamvu ebhodini ngaphakathi. Le nqubo izosiza ukugcina amakhowe abe nokwanda okunamandla kwe-mycelium.
8. Ngokwesilinganiso sokuthuthukiswa kwensimu yakho yama-mushroom, yifafaze njalo ngamanzi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukugcina izinga elifunayo lomswakama.
9. Ukuvuna kudinga ukusika imilenze. Izinsalela zabo zikhishwa. Futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14-17, amakhowe amasha.

Unamathini angamathalenta amathathu angaqoqwa cishe ngama-1.5 kg amakhowe.

Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala amakhowe ebhange

Kubalulekile! Uma uchitha amabhange ekukhiqizeni ama-mushroom kuyisihawu, ungazama ukusebenzisa ukutshalwa kokuhlolwa ehlathini. Kulokhu, umgodi wenziwa embusini, lapho i-mycelium ifakwa ngaphandle kwe-substrate. "I-Garden" ifakwe ekushiseni, ivala umgodi ngefilimu eplastiki. Ngemuva kwenyanga idluliselwa ezindaweni ezipholile, futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili bavuna.

Esikhathini sokushisa

Izimo zokushisa zikulungele ukutshalwa ngamakhowe ngoba zivumela ukuthi uhlale ugcina i-microflora enhle yokukhula kwe-mycelium. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kanje:

1. Into yokuqala udinga ukukhetha ezimbalwa ezindala ze-stumps bese uhambela ku-greenhouse. Uma kungekho material enjalo emndenini wakho, izihlahla ezinkuni ezikhulayo zizokwenza, okudingeka zifakwe esikhwameni.
2. Ngokulandelayo, izinkuni ezilungiselelwe uhhafu ziphuziswa ngamanzi ngamakhowe amakhowe bese zishiya kuze kufike ukuhluma.
3. Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mycelium kungaba ukugxilwa kwezikhathi zokunisela. Abalimi be-mushroom abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba bahlele ukufafaza imizuzu emihlanu njalo ihora. Qala inqubo ntambama bese uphela ngo-17: 00.
4. Amakhowe okuqala azovela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni futhi azokujabulela kuze kube sekuwa.

Enye indlela yokulima okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ukulungisa amabhlokhi akhethekile. Zakhiwa ngezikhwama ezigcwala i-substrate (sisho izindlela zokulungiselela inhlabathi ngaphezulu). Benza izikhalazo bese bexazulula izingxabano lapho. Futhi phezulu babopha isikhwama seplastiki.

Ngaphambi kokubopha isikhwama, kuyadingeka ukwakha isikhwama sezinyosi zobotini eziyinyumba. Kuzovikela lokho okushiwo ekukheni. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi ziqukathi zihlanganisa ukuhluma i-mycelium. Lokhu kuzothatha inyanga. Lapho ubuso be-substrate buba nzima, i-polyethylene isusiwe futhi izinga lokushisa liyancipha lisuka ku-20 ° C kuya ku-12 ° C.

Funda ukuthi ungafisa kanjani, u-pickle, ama-mushle amakhowe.

Ku-stumps

Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-mycelium noma umzimba we-mushroom. Ubuchwepheshe bokulima buhilela ukuvunwa kwezingodo zangaphambili, kodwa hhayi ezibolile. Kungcono ukuhlela ukuhlwanyela phakathi kwentwasahlobo, uma sekufudumala ngaphandle, kepha umswakama ophezulu ugcinwa. Khona-ke isivuno sizovuthwa ngonyaka. Ngalokhu udinga:

1. Thola i-mycelium ehlathini noma ulungise imishini ye-spore kusuka kuma-caps.
2. Beka izitshalo ezifanele ezinxenyeni ezifakiwe zegceke.
3. Yenza ama-grooves amancane phezu kwezingodo bese uwagcwalisa ngembewu.
4. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ama-grooves avaliwe avaliwe nge-sawdust emanzi noma emanzini.
5. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama ophezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafaka izingxenye ezihlangothini zalo nge-polyethylene noma uhlale unomhlabathi oseduze nawo.
6. Lapho sekufika isimo sezulu esibanda, igogi limbozwe amagatsha e-fir.
7. Entwasahlobo, udinga ukususa iqhwa ensimini futhi ubuke amanzi ancibilikisiwe, okungaphezu kwalokho okungase kungabi yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuguqula i-asidi yesimo sempahla.
8. Ngo-June amaqabunga e-spruce asusiwe.

Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala amakhowe ku-stumps Lapho iziqu zimbozwa nge-mycelium, zidinga ukukhishwa emgwaqweni futhi zingcwatshwe. Isivuno sokuqala sizovuthwa ngonyaka futhi isitshalo sizoveza isithelo kuze kuphele ukuphela.

Kubalulekile! Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-mycelium stumps kungeniswa emiphongolweni bese kuhlanganiswa utshani. Kodwa le ndlela idinga ukugeleza nsuku zonke kwezingaphansi nezindonga zegumbi.

Kubalulekile kwabalimi be-mushroom abanamakhanda ukuba banqume ngobuchwepheshe bokulima uju. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cabangela zonke izimo kanye nezici zokuhlala. Khona-ke udinga ukubeka imali ku-imbewu - futhi ungaqala ukulima. Sithemba ukuthi izeluleko zethu zizokusiza ukuba ufinyelele isivuno esizinzile nesomusa.

Ukuhamba ngokuzingela okuthulile kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlukanisa i-morels, i-ryadovki, i-parsley, i-greenfinchs, i-sandpits, i-mokruhi, i-chanterelles, i-poplar imigqa, ama-truffles, ama-mushroom ama-boletus, i-aspen, i-aspen, amakhowe amhlophe, ama-boletus, ama-boletus, ama-mushrooms, ama-boletus amakhowe.

Indlela yokutshala amakhowe: ukubuyekezwa