Indlela yokwakha nokuhlomisa ukugeza

Mayelana nokubaluleka kokugeza kuye kwaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ekugezeni, umzimba womuntu awugcini nje ukuhlanzwa, kodwa uphathwa nge-steam, futhi ngenxa yalokhu ukwelashwa, i-slag kanye ne-toxins ziqedwa ngokukhululwa kwesithukuthezi. Izinqubo zokugeza zizohlinzeka ngempilo enhle futhi zandise ukuzivikela.

Ukugeza kweRussia noma i-sauna

Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyazikhethela ukuthi uzoya kuphi - ibhuku lokugeza noma i-sauna, kodwa ukuze enze ukhetho olufanele, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi umehluko phakathi kokugeza kanye ne-sauna. Umehluko omkhulu ungaphakathi kwe-microclimate. Ake sichaze ngokuningiliziwe. Bathhouse Ngokwesilinganiso, umswakama womoya emgwaqweni ungama-40-70%, ekugezeni umoya unama-65% omswakama, futhi lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uhlale ekamelweni le-steam imizuzu engu-15-20. Ukuphumula nokupholisa umzimba - 5-10 iminithi.

Funda ukuthi ungahlomisa kahle kanjani indawo engadini, uyihambise futhi uhlele.

I-Sauna. Umswakama emgwaqweni ungama-40-70%, ku-sauna umoya ungama-3-8% omswakama, okuvumela ukuba ube egumbini le-steam ngeseshini yama-5-10 amaminithi. Isikhathi phakathi kwemihlangano okungenani imizuzu engama-40. Ngempilo enhle, kuphakanyiswa izinhlelo ezimbili kuphela noma ezintathu kuphela.

Esigumbini sokugeza umcibisholo sinquma i-microclimate, ku-sauna - izinga lokushisa lomoya. Kuyisithamela esishisayo esenza umzimba uphefumule futhi ukujuluka okukhulu kuwuphawu oluyinhloko. Emoyeni omanzi, ibhuku line-conductivity ephakeme elishisayo kune-sauna eyomile, okusho ukuthi ibhuku lokugcoba linomthelela omncane kakhulu emzimbeni kunasasa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi

Le nqubo kufanele iqale ngokunquma ukuthi ingabe ukhetha uhlobo lokugeza: njengesakhiwo esihlukile noma isandiso endlini. Futhi uma ukhetha, umuntu kufanele acabange ukuthi isakhiwo esithile sivikelekile ngokuqondene nomlilo, futhi okugeza ngendlela yokwelulwa kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlomisa ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi okugcwele, umoya wokuphuza amanzi kanye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi.

Izandla zingenza futhi ama-gabions, ama-rockseries, ama-ladybugs, ama-verandas, ama-cellars, ukuvimba kwensimu, ukucwenga kwe-wax, i-barbeque, i-gazebo ne-swing ingadi.

Ngokuqondile iphrojekthi ingathuthukiswa wena noma usebenzise ngokunenzuzo, isibonelo, kusuka ku-Intanethi. Njengomthetho, izindawo zokugeza zizinhlobo ezimbili:

indatshana ezimbili, nekamelo lokuphumula esitezi sesibili;
indatshana eyodwa, negumbi lokulinda, igumbi lomusi, igumbi lokugezela kanye nokuphumula.

Uyazi? Igama elithi "okugeza" livela kulesiLatini "balneum", okusho ukuthi "ukuvimbela ukudabuka nokugula."

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela ukungena kwesakhiwo ohlangothini oluseningizimu - lapha ebusika iyoqhakaziza iqhwa ngokushesha futhi, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukuthi usule isikhala phambi komnyango kaningi. Kodwa amawindi kufanele atholakale ngasentshonalanga - ukukhanya kwemvelo ebhodini kuyothola okuningi, ikakhulukazi - kusihlwa.

Ukukhetha indawo nendawo

Ukukhetha kahle indawo yokugeza kuyisiqinisekiso sokusebenza kwayo okuhle nokukhululeka kokuvakashela. Futhi kulo magazini kufanele ucabangele lezi zincomo ezilandelayo:

ibanga elincane kusuka ekugezeni kuya kunoma yiziphi izakhiwo (indlu, ucingo, ukuchithwa ...) - 5 m;
isakhiwo sokwakha kufanele sibe somile, kude nemithambo yamanzi, amanzi nemithambeka - ngaphansi kwethonya lokuswakama ngokweqile, isisekelo sakhiwo singenza ushintsho;
umhlabathi endaweni kumele ube nesisekelo sehlabathi, esasesihlabathi noma se-gravel - indawo enjalo ayitholakali ukuvuvukala.

Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani umshini wokugwilisa utshani, isiteshi sokudonsa, i-closet eyomile, i-petroleum trimmer kanye ne-mini-ugandaganda ukunikeza.

Izinto ezidingekayo

Ukugeza kungenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ezemvelo noma ezifakelwayo:

izinkuni;
itshe;
izitini;
izakhiwo zekhonkolo.

Kodwa, naphezu kokukhetha okunjalo, izinkuni namanje zithandwa kakhulu. Ingafudumala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma i-pin noma i-spruce. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeza okuvela ku-bhamela efihliwe akudingi imishini yesistimu yokuphoqeleka kwephoyisa - i-high quality wood ngokwayo iphefumula kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Uma wakha ibhuku lokubhukuda, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinkuni njengezinto ezibonakalayo ebusika - lolu hlobo lwezinkuni lunesakhiwo esibucayi nesimemezelo esikhulu nokubola.

Inqubo yokwakha

Le nqubo ihilela izinyathelo eziningana zokulandelana:

Ukukhethwa kwendawo.
Ukuhlelwa nokudweba.
Isisekelo sesisekelo.
Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga, uphahla kanye nesisekelo.
Imishini yesitimela kanye nomkhumbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi.

Mayelana nendawo kanye nokuhlelwa kwakungcono kakhulu, kodwa manje ake sikhulume ngezigaba ezisele zokwakhiwa kwenkimbinkimbi yokugeza.

Ukulungiselela isisekelo nokukhishwa

Ikhwalithi yesisekelo incike ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwesakhiwo. Ukubaluleka kwalo kuboniswa yiqiniso lokuthi izindleko zesisekelo zingu-25% wezindleko zokwakha isakhiwo sonke, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesisekelo kuzodala ingxenye yesamba esetshenziselwa sonke isakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo kuzokutshela ngokuningiliziwe. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zesisekelo zokugeza ziyizi:

tape
inqwaba

Uhlobo olufanele kakhulu luyonqunywa, ucabangela indawo, ubukhulu nesisindo sakhiwo. Itheyipu isetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo nezindayo - izivimbela noma izitini, futhi uma ibhuku likhulelwa ilog noma ibha - kungcono ukwenza isisekelo sezinqwaba.

Ithebula

Isici salo ukuthi i-tape ibeka ngaphansi kwazo zonke izindonga zamaphesenti wangaphakathi nangaphakathi, okufana nesimo esisodwa sokuhlukanisa phakathi kwendawo yonke. Futhi, isisekelo se-tape sisetshenziswe uma ingozi yokungahambi kahle kwesisekelo ikhona ngokujula okuncane kokubeka kwayo.

Ividiyo: I-Ribbon Foundation

Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwesisekelo sokuhlukana kanje:

Ukulungiselela isayithi. Kukho iqiniso lokuthi yonke imfucuza isuswa kusayithi futhi i-turf isusiwe. Amatshe, izingcezu zezitini, njll. egcinwe ngokwehlukana - iyasiza njenge-filler uma ixuba ikhambi.
Imakethe. Ukusebenzisa isilinganisi se-tape, isikwele nethambo, uphawu lwe-sequentially bese ubeka izingqinamba emagumbini omjikelezo wangaphandle. Khokha ngokukhethekile ukuthi ama-angles anama-degree angama-90. Ngemva kokubeka izikhonkwane, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-markup kulandela. Yenziwe kanje: ama-diagonal amabili alinganiswa ngendophi. Esimweni esihle, kufanele kube okufanayo, umehluko uvunyelwe, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwe-2 cm. Ingaphakathi langaphakathi lezakhiwo kufanele libe okungenani kabili ubukhulu bodonga: ngokuba ibhuloho lokukhuni elivela ebhajini - 25-30 cm, yendlu yezitini - 35-40 cm. Ukusebenzisa lokhu kubalwa, thola intambo yangaphakathi.
Ukususwa kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwesisekelo. Khetha umhlabathi wokuthwala izindonga ngokumaka. Bese uhlanza izindonga zomsele kusukela emhlabathini odilikayo futhi uthele amanzi kahle, uma kunesidingo, uqiniseke ngokusebenzisa amabhodi noma amabhodi ezenziwe nge-chipboard. Ukujula komsele ngaphansi kwesisekelo kunqunywa yizimo zendawo zendawo, kepha kunoma yikuphi kufanele kube okungenani ama-50-70 cm. Ukuze ugweme ubunzima obungenzeka ngokufaka ifomu, ububanzi bomsele kufanele kwenziwe ngaphezulu kuka-10-15 cm ohlangothini ngalunye. Umgogodla uphezulu, unokubekezelelana okungenani.
Izizathu zokupheka. Umgogodla wegceke uhlanganiswe ngendwangu yesihlabathi esinamahloni. Kungaba usizo ukwengeza igravel noma igravel. Umcengezi wamatshe ochotshoziwe (gravel) u-10 cm ubukhulu bunqunywe kahle futhi bugcwele amanzi, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesihlabathi akufanele kudlule 20-30 cm.
Dala i-waterfall nomthombo ngezandla zakho.
Izakhiwo zokukhiqiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga amabhodi alungisiwe angaphansi kuka-0.3-0.35 cm ubukhulu noma i-chipboard ka 0.2-0.22 cm. Ifomu lihlangene ngendlela yezihlangu futhi efakwe emseleni, kanti inqenqemu yalo kufanele idlule izinga lokusekelwa ngu 10-15 cm. Bahlanganiswe ngemigoqo yokhuni, bexhuma izihlangu ngomunye nomunye besebenzisa izilonda noma izipikili. Izingxenye zangaphandle zefomu zixhaswa ngokwethembeka ngokulindela ukuthi, uma ukukhipha, ukhonkolo awuvuli. Kulesi simo, ngcono nakakhulu. Ngokungafani okuphawulekayo ekuphakameni kusayithi (okungaphezu kuka-0.8 m) kulezi zindawo, ifomu lenziwe ngokukhulisa umkhawulo walo ophansi engeni lika-5-10 degrees. Noma kunjalo, ukhetho oluhle luyi-formwork ekhethekile ehlulekayo: umsebenzi kanye nokukhathazeka kuncane, futhi ukukhokhelwa kuphela ukuqashiswa kwedivayisi.
Ukusungulwa kokuqiniswa kwifomu. Izingalo eziyi-12-16 mm zifakwe emgodleni onjenge-skeleton, i-armature ihlanganiswe ngensimbi yensimbi. Ngaphansi kwezinduku ezincane zifakwe izingcezu zezitini namatshe, ngaleyo ndlela zenze igebe phakathi kokuqiniswa kanye nesisekelo. Ekugcineni, amafomu aqiniswa eduze komjikelezo wayo ophezulu ngenqwaba yezinkuni. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umoya ophakathi kwezisekelo, amapayipi enziwe nge-ceramic noma ensimbi ane-6 kuya ku-8 cm ayibekwe eceleni komjikelezo kude kumamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Thela ikhambi lokukhonkolo. Isitoreji se-M250 noma i-M300 sisetjenziswa, lapha futhi-ngcono nakakhulu. Esimweni esibucayi, kanye ne-M200. Isixazululo kufanele sibe nokubunjwa: izingxenye ezintathu nantathu nengxenye yesihlabathi esinamalahle (30-45%) kanye nohlu (70-55%) kanye nengxenye eyodwa yesimente. Okokuqala, kuhlanganiswe umxube owomile: isihlabathi, usimende bese uhlangana kuze kube yilapho uhambelana kahle, uthele emkhunjini ofanele noma ngeshidi, bese ufaka igravel uphinde uhlanganise konke kahle. Khona-ke ukhonkolo ulungisiwe: amanzi amancane athululelwa engxenyeni eyomile eyomile futhi konke kuhlanganisiwe. Okukhulu kunomswakama we-gravel noma isanti - amanzi angaphansi, kodwa ngokuvamile amanzi enza 60-70% ngobuningi bamakhemikhali (ngesikhathi esibandayo, amanzi ashisa kuya kuma-35-40 degrees, ehlobo kungcono ukuba kubanda). IGulf of concrete: isimo esikhulu - ukuqhubeka kokugcwaliswa; ukhonkolo luthululelwa ezinqabeni zika-15-20 cm, ngokushesha wenziwa, unqunywe ngaphambi kokubonakala kosawoti. Susa umoya oboshiwe ngokubhoboza ukubunjwa okugcwele ngeprobe. Ukwehliswa okungeziwe kokwakheka kwipompo yefomu ngesando. Okulandelayo kuza ubuso obunzima obuzungeza umjikelezo ngosizo lokushelela ibha.
Ukuqedwa komsebenzi wokhonkolo: emva kwamahora amathathu kuya kwangu amane (lapho ama-grabs abamba), isisekelo sigcwele izinto ezingenanzi amanzi (sawdust, burlap, njll) futhi ziphuza njalo amahora angu-4-5 ngezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuqala, emva kokuchelela, ukumboza ifilimu ye-polyethylene ukuvimbela ukuqhuma ngokweqile komswakama . Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ama-formwork asusiwe. Izikhala phakathi kwesisekelo nomhlabathi zihlanganiswe nesihlabathi futhi ziqinile. Cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-20-28 isisekelo sakhiwe, bese uqhubeka nokusebenza, kanti izinto eziningana zokuphahla zifakwa endaweni ephezulu yokungena kwamanzi.

Kubalulekile! Uma ulungisa isisekelo sokuqhafaza, ukukhishwa kwezinduku zokuqinisa akuvunyelwe - lokhu kungase kushintshe isisekelo sonke.

Pile

Isetshenziswa ngenhlabathi engaqinile, esihlabathini, esihlabathini, njll njll, kanye nasemhlabathini oqhwaza kumamitha angaphezu kweyodwa nengxenye. Izinqwaba ezisemqoka ebangeni eliphakathi kwesigamu nesigamu kuya kumamitha amabili zifakwa ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephakanyisiwe, emagumbini, emagumbini kanye nasemkhawulweni wezindonga, futhi phakathi kwazo ziphakathi. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswe izinqwaba ezinamaphesenti angama-20, kodwa kunjalo uma ngaphezulu-kungcono. Amapilisi asebenzisa i-screw metal noma eyithukuthele. I-screws ye-iron ihlaselwa ngisho ngesandla, kodwa "iyakususa" ukushisa - kuzodingeka ukwengeze ukufaka i-subfloor. Ukukhathazeka, noma isikhathi sokudla, kuzosiza ukulondoloza imali. Ukujula kwamakholi kunqunywa ngalendlela elandelako:

emhlabathini ophakanyisiwe - ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqandisa;
emhlabathini omsulwa nokungazinzile - kuze kube sezingeni lokulinganisa.

Uma kuhlelwe isakhiwo sebhayisiki, isitini noma sefreyimu, khona-ke izinqwaba zixhunyaniswe ngamapulangwe enkuni noma emagumbini.

Uyazi? Amanye amagama aseRoma yasendulo angamukela ngesikhathi esisodwa abantu abangaba ngu-2500. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo ezinezindawo ezingama-hektare ezingu-10-12.

Umyalo wokwakhiwa kwesisekelo ezinqwabeni ezibuhlungu:

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kusayithi. Okokuqala, ukuphakama kwesakhiwo ekwakhiwe kuphawulwe, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ususe i-turf endaweni ephawulwe bese uyigcwalisa ngemfucuza. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme esikhathini esizayo ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sokubola kwemifino nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo engathandeki. Isigaba esilandelayo sibonisa imigqa yendawo yamanzi. Ukumaketha kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane nezintambo eziswe phakathi kwabo. Kubalulekile ukuthi izikhonkwane zokumaketha zihlelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo (lokhu kulula ukuhlola nge-plumb), futhi izintambo zihanjiswe phezulu (zihlolwe yizinga lesakhiwo). Uma konke kuhambisane nesigaba sokuqala nesesibili, ama-diagonal amakamelo kufanele ahlolwe. Bangaphambukisa amamitha ambalwa kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho esikhathini esizayo kuyoba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Ukubalwa kwenani lezinqwaba. Uma ubala, cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo: ibanga eliphakathi kwamakholi alingekho ku-2 m; I-nodal isekela - emagumbini nasezindaweni zokuhlukanisa izingxenye; phakathi kwama-nodes - izigxobo eziphakathi kwamakhilomitha angaphansi kwe-2 m. Lokhu kubalwa ngendawo yokugeza ebhodini elilodwa lezinto ezingekho izinto ezinzima, izindlu ezimbili zendatshana imvamisa yezinsizakalo kufanele yanda. Uma kwenzeka umhlabathi oqinile, izisekelo zifakiwe ngokungapheli, uma kwenzeka zilahlekile noma zingathembeki zidinga ngaphezulu.
Ukunqunywa kokujula kahle. Ehlabathini enomsindo: ukujula okubandayo ngesikhathi sonyaka sasebusika kanye no-30 kuya ku-50 cm. Emhlabathini ongaguquki: ukujula koqweqwe oluqinile kanye no-30-50 cm.
Ukulungiselela imithombo. Yenziwa lapho kufanele khona khona. Isibambo esiphethwe ngesandla esinesisindo esingama-20 kuya ku-30 cm sisetshenziswe, okungcono ngesibambo esihlanganisiwe, lokhu kuzovumela ukubhoboza kuze kube ngamamitha angu-4-6.
Ukulungiswa kwamakholi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa izinqwaba ngesisekelo esandisiwe - lokhu kuzokwandisa amathuba ukuthi isakhiwo sizohlala lapho inhlabathi ishisa.
Izimbobo zokugcwalisa. Amabhakede amaningana wegridi (kuqala) nesihlabathi ayiswa emthonjeni oqediwe futhi anqotshwe ngesihlabathi. Okuphezulu - ukhonkolo nge-gravel, kuyoba yedwa wenkingi. Ngemuva kokuba udoti luqinisa, amafomu afaka kuwo, bese uhlaka lufaka futhi konke kuthululwa ngekhonkrithi.
Ukulungiselela amafomu. Umhlahlandlela ovame kakhulu wokuthulukisa ukhonkolo yimipayipi eyenziwe ngenhlanganisela ye-asbestos nesimenti ngobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-20 cm. Izinzuzo zaloluhlaka: amapayipu awahambisani nokubola; amandla amandla; ubushelelezi bendawo yangaphandle yepayipi (ngokuvuvukala kwenhlabathi isakhiwo asihambisani).
Ukuqiniswa kusekela. Yenziwa ukuba lukhuni izinqwaba. Okusemqoka kokuqiniswa ukuthi izintambo eziningana zokuqinisa ezinamaphesenti angu 0.8-1 cm zifakwe ezisekelweni, ezixhunyaniswa ngetambo noma ukuqiniswa okuncane. Izinduku zokuqinisa isikhathi eside kufanele zibe okungenani ama-5 cm odongeni.
Kuthela ukhonkolo. Emathinini afakwe emthonjeni, isakhiwo esakhiwe sokuqiniswa sifakwa. Beka nxazonke zepayipi egcwala igravel nesihlabathi noma umhlaba, ngenkathi ithambile kahle futhi igcina isimo esiqondile sokusekela. Bese uqhubeka nokuthulula ipayipi ngokhonkolo. Udoti oluphathekayo lwenziwa kusukela ekubalweni: 1 ingxenye yesimente (ibanga lingekho ngaphansi kweM300) zibe izingxenye ezintathu zehlabathi lesisindo esiphakathi. Esimweni esomile, izingxenye zixubene futhi kunezingxenye ezingaphezulu kwezingu-1 amanzi - isisombululo sekhwalithi kufanele sifane nosawoti omuncu. Ukwandisa amandla okwakhiwa kokhonkolo kufanele ususe umoya oboshiwe esixazululweni. Kuze kube sekugcineni, iphini elide libhoboza isixazululo, esanda kuthululwa, futhi swayipha iphinikhodi ngezindlela ezihlukile. Umoya ushiya kanye nesisombululo uhlala kancane, bese wengezwa ezingeni elifunayo. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ekusekeleni ngalunye.
Umsebenzi wokugcina. Ishidi lensimbi libekwa phezu kwenqwaba eqediwe, lapho impahla yokuphahla ibeka khona - ikhanda. Isisekelo sezinqwaba sesilungile. Uma kunesidingo, i-grillage ihlanganiswe emapilweni angenhla (ibha elinesigaba okungenani i-20x20 cm, ephathwa nge-antiseptic). Kufanele ulinde izinsuku ezimbalwa - futhi ungaqala ukwakha izindonga.

Kubalulekile! Isisekelo kufanele sibe ngu-10-15 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba. Uma isisekelo singanikezwa iphrojekthi, kuyoba ngamasentimitha angu-60.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

Izindonga zingenye yezakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zesakhiwo sokugeza. Njengomthetho, zivela ezitini, izikhuni ze-foam, zifakwe futhi zivela emagumbini egijimi. Cabangela umbono ngamunye ngokuningiliziwe.

Brick

Ukulandelana kwezenzo.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakona. Isisombululo (izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi kuya ku-1 ingxenye yamasenti) sisetshenziselwa isisekelo esomile nesendlalelo esingaba ngu-2 cm. Khona-ke, isisombululo sezingxenyeni sisetshenziswa kule nkinga. Ekuqaleni, izitini eziningana zekhoneni lomakhelwane zibekwe eceleni, bese ucingo lubekwe ngokuqinile phakathi kwabo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kususwe kahle komugqa wokuqala. Iphinde ibonise ubukhulu, obunamanzi nobukhulu bomfaniswano wezingqimba ngokuzenzekelayo. Emagumbini wenza ukubeka okuyingxenye yemigqa engu-5-6. Ngaphambi kokubeka izitini zimanzi, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni.
Ukuhlanganisa Kuye ngesakhiwo sokugubha kanye nokugubha izitini, ukuthungwa kwempahla kufakwe ngqo ezindongeni. Ukugqoka izitini kungaba umugqa owodwa noma umugqa owodwa, kuncike ngobukhulu besakhiwo nokuthi ngabe kukhona isitezi sesibili. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ukukhishwa okuzoba yikuphi: uboya obunamaminerali noma isikhala esingenalutho esingu-6 cm, kamuva sigcwaliswe nje ngomoya noma ubumba obwandisiwe. Thola uhlobo lokuthungwa okudingekayo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindonga.

Kubalulekile! Uma ubeka umugqa wokuqala wezindonga usetshenziswa kuphela izitini eziqinile.

При возведении второго и следующих рядов можно использовать кирпичи с небольшими дефектами или половины (четверти) кирпича, важно, чтобы они укладывались во внутреннюю сторону стены. Ещё одна важная деталь - плотность и толщина швов. Для надёжности и внешней эстетичности здания швы должны быть от 10 до 12 мм.

При возведении стен следует помнить об оконных и дверных проёмах. Они оставляются в местах, определённых проектом. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emagcekeni angaphandle, ukumbozwa kwamatshe okwenziwe ngamatini okuhlanganiswe nokuthumba kwakuthiwa kufakiwe. Ekuvulekeni okuphelile, izingqimba zomuthi zamapulangwe noma ezisekelwayo zenziwe ngendlela yamapulangwe, okunye kunqenqemeni okuphumula ngaseceleni komgwaqo ongezansi wokuvulwa kanti omunye ungene emgqeni ohlangene nomngcele ophezulu wokuvula. Futhi ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwezindonga kufakwe iminyango namafasitela.

Kusukela kumabhuloki we-foam

Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zezingodo ze-foam kufana nokwakhiwa kwezitini. Ngaphambi kokubeka umugqa wokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi unakekele ukuvinjwa kwamanzi okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ukwaziswa okufanelekile kusakazeka ngaphansi kwalolu hlu, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlabathi wesamente kuphela owufanele ukubeka kuqala.

Futhi-ke izenzo ezilandelayo:

Ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sokwakha ukudalula ingqikithi yesisekelo, esiphezulu kakhulu.
Kusukela ekhoneni eliphakeme kakhulu, kancane kancane uye emkhatsini, uqaphele ukungafani kwamabhuloki wombukiso. Izigxobo zincane kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka (ukujoyina kangcono emabhuloki). Zonke iziphutha emsebenzini kanye nesisombululo ziqedwa ngokushesha. Ungasebenzisa i-glue ekhethekile yamabhuloki we-foam.
Umugqa olandelayo usuqedile ngokuguqula amabhlogo ngohhafu - kufana ne-brickwork.
Umugqa ngamunye obekayo ngesakhiwo sokwakha uhlolwe "ukukhanya": izintambo ezitholakalayo ziqedwa ngokuthepha i-mallet kubo, uma ukungahambi kahle kungasuki - sebenzisa i-grater.

Ukuze uthole amandla amakhulu emadongeni futhi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka kwabo esikhathini esizayo, ukuqiniswa kwenziwa: izimbobo ziboshwe emabhuloki, isisombululo sithelwa kuzo futhi izikhonkwane zensimbi ziqhutshwa. Ngemuva kokuqeda ukubeka, isakhiwo sivunyelwe ukuma cishe isonto.

Kusuka ngemvume

Ukuze uqonde kangcono inqubo yokwakha izindonga ezivela endlini yelogi, kuyasiza ukuchaza imigomo:

"umqhele" - uchungechunge lwezingodo ezidongeni;
"uhlaka" - lubeka njalo eminye imiqhele;
"isitsha" - ehamba ngaphesheya kwezindonga zogu lokuphela kwezigxobo;

Ukulandelana kokudonga:

Umqhele wezingodo ezine, ngaphambi kokugcizelela ukunamathela kangcono kwisisekelo, wakhiwa: izingodo ezimbili zifakwe ngokufana nokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi, kanti isigaba sesibili esifanayo sibekwa ngokulandelanayo, esixhunywe kokuqala esitsheni.
Ngendlela efanayo wabeka izingodo ezine ezilandelayo, ukwakha umqhele wesibili.
Izindawo lapho izingodo zixhunyiwe, zifudumala (caulk).
Imiqhele ixhunyiwe komunye nomunye nge-square shkanty.
Lapho ukuphakama okufunayo kufinyelelwa, imishayo evelayo ifakwa kuhlaka.

Kubalulekile! Ukucubungula kwezigxobo kuqhutshwa kabili. Okokuqala - emva kokwakhiwa, ngesikhathi esilandelayo - unyaka nonyaka ngemva kokufakwa kwelogi.

Uhlaka

Ngokusho komsebenzi olungiselelwe kusengaphambili, izitshalo zesikhwama zilungiselelwe kusukela ngamapulangwe angu-150 kuya ku-50 mm.

Yakha ne-greenhouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate, izinkuni nama-polypropylene amapayipi.

I-Algorithm yezenzo:

Ukusungulwa emagumbini ama-racks amabili amakhulu kanye nezimbalwa eziphakathi - phakathi kwazo.
Umhlangano wokutshala. Yenziwe kusukela ekhoneni futhi ihlanganisa ukufaka amaphepha okugqoka impahla emaphoyiseni okufakela ngezikulufa. Iphuzu elibalulekile - ukulawulwa kwamashidi aqondile (usebenzisa isakhiwo sokwakha).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nomhlangano ukwakhiwa kwezigxobo ezilandelayo futhi zihlanganisa izicucu.

Lokhu kungukuthi, uhlelo lokufakwa kwamadonga ohlaka lulula: ukufakwa kwama-racks - ukulungisa amashidi okugcoba kuwo. Kumele kukhunjulwe mayelana nokuvuleka komnyango nezindwangu.

Izinto zokwakha zangaphandle:

ukuphawula;
i-metal siding;
ukugqoka;
ukuvimbela indlu;
bafe

Ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kusebentisa izinto ezifana nalezi: OSB, i-drywall, i-wall paneling (ethandwa kakhulu).

Ukufakwa

Kuyaziwa kusukela eminyakeni yesikole - umoya oshisayo uya phezulu. Futhi lokhu kufanele kuqondiswe ekuhleleni kwelayili. Into esemqoka - ukugwema ukuqoqwa kwe-condensate nokulondoloza ukushisa. Futhi lokhu kungaqinisekiswa ngento efanele yokuqapha. Namuhla, ngenhloso yalolu hlobo:

uboya obunamaminerali;
ecowool;
i-penoizol;
ipulasitiki ye-foam;
ubumba obwandisiwe;
ubumba;
sawdust.

Izindlalelo zokugcoba

Cabangela ukhetho lokugcizelela udoti ngobumba obwandisiwe - indaba engabizi futhi enokwethenjelwa. Inqubo:

Ukubeka isikhwama semfutho ebomvu. Ikhiqizwa nge-overlap of 12-15 cm.
Ukulinganisa okulungile kwamajoyini usebenzisa i-tape yokunamathisela ensimbi.
Ukufakelwa kwe-steam ye-rafters kanye ne-chimney kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinga elibhaliwe lobumba obunwetshiwe. I-Steam insulation material ihlanganiswe ne-masking tape noma i-stapler yokwakha.
Ukwakha ungqimba lobumba olucijile cishe u-10 cm bese ulunqamula. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthungwa okungeziwe kwe-thermal.
Ukubuyisela emuva futhi ukulinganisa kubuso be-claydite.
I-Gulf surface sement-sand screed.

Uyazi? Ibhishi laseScythian lalinokwakhiwa okungavamile kakhulu: izigxobo ezintathu ezimbozwe zizwa ama-panels. Kwakushukunyiswa imbewu ye-cannabis, lapho, uma ishisa, yakha ukushisa okukhulu.

Inqubo yokugcizelela phansi ngobumba obwandisiwe:

Ukubeka izinto ezingenakuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi endaweni yokukhonkolo. Ikhiqizwe ku-10-sentimenti "inqwaba" ngokusondela ezindongeni ezingaba ngu-15 cm.
Ukunamathiselwa kwe-alabaster yamabhononi azungeze umjikelezo wephansi ukuze abonise ukuqina nobuhle bephansi.
Ukucubungula ama-lags wezinkuni antiseptic.
Ukugcwalisa kabusha ubumba obwandisiwe. Ubuningi bezendlala - 15-20 cm Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukuthatha ingxube yezingxenyana.
Ukuphuza ukuguqulwa ngokuxubaniswa ngesinamende, amanzi kanye ne-primer - ukuthola izingxenyana ezingcono zokubamba.
Ngemuva kosuku - ukufakwa kwensimbi yokuqinisa imishini.
Kuthululela isihlabathi sesitshalo ngo-3 cm, silinde ukuma okuphelele.
Ukulungisa izinto zokungena kwamanzi.
Faka phansi.

Isicelo sokungena kwamanzi

Ukusungulwa kwamanzi okuyisisekelo kwenzeka okwehla futhi okuqondile. Ngokuba ukugxila okuzungezile, i-ruberoid isetshenziswe, ibekiwe ezindaweni ezintathu phezu kwesisekelo. I-vertical iqala ezingeni lesisekelo se-base, futhi phezulu ijoyina i-horizontal. Kungaba i-oklechnoy (okusetshenziselwa i-polymer membrane noma izinto ze-bitumen-polymer ezinqolobaneni, kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-mastic yokugqoka). Ukufakwa kwezindonga. Okubalulekile: ukubeka ngendlela ethile izinto zokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi (ngokuvamile zivame ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhohlisiwe). Isiteji sokungena kwamanzi. Iphansi ebhodini kungcono ukwenza ukhonkolo (okungenani egumbini lomusi nokugeza), ngoba izinkuni ziyobola ngokushesha ngenxa yemiswakama ephezulu. Izitshalo eziphathekayo zingafakwa nge-bitumen noma i-mastic ye-polymer. Kubuye kube nokuhlukahluka kokusikeka, lapho i-plywood ihlanganiswa ne-subfloor, futhi ukufakwa kwamanzi kufakwe kuwo, ukufakwa kwesikhumba kufakwa kuso futhi kusetshenziswe isikhala samakha. Ukuvimbela amanzi emzimbeni. Lapha futhi ukhetha ukusebenzisa izinto zokwenza ucwecwe.

Ukulungiswa kwendonga

Indlu ingaba yimihlobo emibili: i-gable noma ichithe. Esikhathini sokuqala, kuyasebenza kakhulu, kodwa kunzima ukukhuphuka, okwesibili - okuphambene. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhomba kahle:

i-angle of the roof;
ubude be-overhang;
uhlobo lwe-rafter system.

Cabanga ngendlela okwakhiwa ngayo uphahla lokwakha. Uphahla olunjalo lwakhiwe, njengombuso, ngamabhati amancane. Ngokubeka imishayo ekhoneni elidingekayo, udonga olulodwa lwakhiwe imigqa emibili kuya kwemiithathu ephakeme.

I-angle encane yokuthambekela yi-degrees angu-20, ezindaweni eziseqhwa - ku-45 °.

I-borrow yezintambo ezithwele.
Izigxobo zokuphakama eziphakanyisiwe.
Umsebenzi wokumisa nokuvimbela amanzi ungenziwa.
Uphahleni oluphakeme.

Umyalelo wokwakhiwa kwephahla lwe-gable uhlukile ngokuhlukile:

Kufakiwe plailing beams.
Ukukhulisa izingxoxo ziqoqa.
Amapulazi ahlangene afakiwe.
Ukuhamba ngenhlanhla.
Ukuphahla okuphakeme.
Imisebenzi yokushisa okushisa isenziwa.

Uyazi? Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, ukuvakashela ekugeza kwakungavunywanga yiSonto LamaKatolika - kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kwakukukhathalela "isitsha sesono" - umzimba womuntu.

Ukufakwa komlilo

Ukufakwa kwesithando somlilo kwenziwa ngezinyathelo:

Isitofu sokukhetha.
Ukuhlela phansi.
Faka isitofu.
Ukufakwa kwe-tank ekhonjiwe.
Ukubeka uhlelo lokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Ukulungiswa kwephayiphu.
Ukumisa

Ngaphambi kokukhetha nokufaka ihhavini, cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo:

ukuhambisana nokulingana kwesitofu kanye nendawo yesikhala se-steam kanye nesakhiwo sonke;
amandla kanye nesivinini sokushisa amanzi kanye nomoya;
ukusetshenziswa okusetjenziswa kwephethri
intengo

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabantu abakuthole kule ndaba, into esemqoka yiwona amandla kanye nesivinini sokufudumala. Ukulungiswa kwesitezi kufaka ukumboza ngezinto ezingekho ezinokutsha noma izitini ze-site. Izinto ezivame ukungazitholi umlilo zingumshini wensimbi we-asbestos osuselwe ku-10 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi kwengubo nephansi kwesitofu kumele kube yi-gap lika-10 cm. Kulesi simo, indentation kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitofu ngu-25 cm. Ishidi lensimbi noma i-screed screed lingagcinwa phezu kobuciko.

Isitofu sokugeza.

Uyazi? Akukho okuvinjelwe emhlabeni, ngaphandle kweRussia, ungasebenzisi imigqa.

Uma ufaka isitofu kufanele uhambisane nemibandela:

ibanga kuze kube selahleni ngaphandle kokufaka ukushisa okhethekile - hhayi ngaphansi kwe-1 m 20 cm;
ibanga ukuya ezindongeni zokugeza noma izingxenye - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-32 cm;
umnyango kufanele uvule kahle.

I-tank enezinyosi iphakanyiswe kumbhobho we-air duct wehhavini. Ukubalwa komthamo: amalitha ayi-10 ngomuntu ngamunye kanye namanye amalitha ayishumi okupaka umshanelo. Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu yokushintshanisa ukushisa kwenziwa ngokweziqondiso zefektri.

Funda futhi ukuthi ungasusa kanjani upende lokudala, i-pokleit iphephadonga, ubeke amafasitela endlini.

Ukumiswa kwepayipi:

Njengamadolo ambalwa ngangokunokwenzeka, ipayipi eqondile enokuphakama okungenani ama-5 m.
Ukuphakama ngaphezu kwephahla kanye ne-roofing ridge akuyona ingxenye engaphansi kwesigamu semitha, ibanga elisuka ku-ridge noma parapet okungenani amamitha amabili nesigamu; uma ipayipi isusiwe emgwaqeni ophahleni ngenye eyodwa nengxenye kuya kwamamitha amathathu, ukufakwa kwayo endaweni yegeji kuvunyelwe.
Ipayipi kufanele ibe ephakeme kunezandiso eziphakeme kuze kugeze.
Ukufakwa kwitholampilo ye-detector detector.

Ukuhlelwa kokugeza

Igumbi lokulinda. Ukuhlobisa kwawo, ubhedu obuhle noma ibhodi lama-20 mm kusuka ku-aspen, i-pine, i-birch noma i-fir - lezi zitshalo zinamakha amahle, ziyakwazi ukumelana nomswakama futhi azikhiphi i-resin.

Uyazi? Ngokusho izinkolelo zaseTurkey, ku-bath yokuTurkey ukuthi kungcono ukukhipha amademoni kumuntu.

Igumbi le-Steam Kulesi gumbi, ochwepheshe batusa i-linden yokuqeda, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo azivunyelwe. Imfuneko esemqoka: indaba ayifanele iphathwe ngamakhemikhali (antiseptics, njll).

Ihhovisi lokugeza. Ngomhlobiso, sebenzisa i-tile, itshe lemvelo noma umswakama-ubufakazi, izinkuni ezikhuni. Uma kukhona izakhi zensimbi egumbini, kufanele zicwiliswe ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka emgodini wesigodo ukuvimbela ukushisa.

Isici sokubhukuda esidingekayo - ifonti. Namuhla, amafonti ahlukene kakhulu kokubili efomu nasesimweni esenziwe kuzo:

kusuka esihlahleni;
kusuka epulasitiki;
kusuka ensimbi;
kusuka kukhonkolo.

Amafonti athandwa kakhulu emapulangwe akhiwa ngomsedari, i-oki ne-larch. Beka ifonti esiteji esigcwele ngokuphelele. Ukungahleleki okuncane kukhishwe ipulasitiki ngaphansi kwemilenze. Khona-ke i-drain yokudonsa ifakwe injected (i-drain ifakwe akukho ngaphezu kuka-10 cm ukusuka ezingeni lesiteji), khona-ke ifakwe emkhawulweni owodwa kuya emgodini wokukhipha, kanti omunye umkhawulo uncishiselwa ngaphakathi.

Izinambuzane ezincane ngokuvamile azilimazi hhayi nje imizwa, kodwa nezinto, ifenisha, izitshalo, imikhiqizo, ufunde indlela yokulahla amabhu, izinkamba, amagundane, ama-whips, ama-moles, ama-rats, ama-ants, ama-springtails.

Ukugeza kungukuxhumana okuyingqayizivele kwezakhi ezine: amanzi, umlilo, umhlaba nomoya. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakubhekwa njengendawo engcwele lapho, ngokusho kwezwi, kungenzeka ukugeza ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka, ukunciphisa umphefumulo wokubhekakade, nomzimba ophelelwe yizinkathazo zansuku zonke. Ukwamukela amandla ezakhi ezine, umuntu ukhokhiswa ngamandla kanye namandla, futhi lokhu kuhle kakhulu endlini yokugezela eyakhelwe ngezandla zakhe.

Ukubuyekeza:

Sinebhishi esizindeni esingajulile, kuphela amabhlokhi amabili e-cinder, umhlaba, noma kunjalo, unomdlandla, u-loamy. Ukukhipha kususwe cishe ngamamitha amahlanu ukusuka esakhiweni, futhi ngokujwayelekile, yakhiwe cishe ngokusho kwendawo yakho: izinto zokuphahla, kanye nohlaka lwakhe. Omunye kubi - kusukela phansi kubanda kakhulu ku-frost, ngokusobala kwaphakama ukuphakama okuncane ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngakho ukwakha okugeza ngezandla zakho akuwona umsebenzi onzima kangaka.
Allbina
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Kungcono ukugeza ngezandla zakho ngokuthenga indlu yelogi nokuqoqa wena kusayithi. Inzuzo yokugeza okunjalo ukuthi akupholi isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nokugeza okubhukuda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakha indlu yelogi, lapho igoli ngalinye libalwa khona, kulula kakhulu futhi lisheshisa kunokwakha ibhuku lokubhukuda i-foam.
Alexander Cherkasov
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