Abakhiqizi be-landscape banamuhla baqhubeka besebenzisa i-pseudo-hull ekwakheni iziza, amapaki kanye nezindlela, kodwa abantu abaningi, abadlula ngalesi sihlahla esihle, bazoyithatha i-fir yabo evamile. Yebo, zombili lezi zinhlobo zingumndeni omkhulu weSosnovykh, kodwa, ngokungafani nesihlobo sabo, umlenze awufuni ukukhathalela, futhi umqhele wayo unamathekisthi amaningi. Kodwa ukuze umuthi othakazelisayo nonamandla ube umhlobiso ophilayo, kubalulekile ukwazi izimfihlo zokutshala nokukhula.
Ukuziqhenya
Namuhla lesi sitshalo esihle sinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene - i-pseudo-hemlock, umqambimanga-omunyu, uDouglas, uFrglas fir, okubonakala okuhlobene nokutholakala kwalolu hlobo.. Itholwe okokuqala eNyakatho Melika nguScott Archibald Menziz, kodwa wathatha lesi sihlahla ukuba sithole imfucuza. 
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphutha lakhe laqondiswa yi-Botanist waseBrithani uDavid Douglas, owaphawula ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zinezinto ezibonakalayo zangaphandle ezivela e-fir evamile.
Uyazi? Ngemva kokufunda izici ze-pecode-lecter, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi umuthi uyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka eyi-1000. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ummeli omdala walomndeni uneminyaka engu-700 ubudala. Lesi sibonelo esiyingqayizivele sikhula eU.SA, sinesiqu esingamamitha angu-100 ubude futhi singaphezu kwamamitha amane ububanzi.
Ukubukeka
I-ligue-liague ingabonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- ukuphakama okungavamile. ENyakatho Melika, umuthi ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-100, ezimweni zezindawo zaseYurophu ezishintshashintshayo izitshalo zivame ukukhula ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-50, kodwa kakade ziphakeme kakhulu kune-fir evamile;
- umqhele nomqhele. Umqambimanga onamanga unesici somqhele we-cone womndeni wasePine, okuthi, njengoba ukhula, uba yindilinga, eyindilinga. Ingxenye engezansi, ngekhathi, ithola i-gray tint ngenxa ye-resin ekhishwe umuthi;
- ukuqhuma. Izithelo ezelulekile ubude (kuze kube ngu-12 cm) nezikali eziboshiwe zihlala emagatsheni, ziheha ngokushesha. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, isisekelo se-cones sinombala obomvu, okubanika inzuzo eyengeziwe;
Amaconsi-mbumbulu - izinaliti. Ekuboneni kokuqala, zifana ne-fir, kodwa kucacile ukuthi asisekho umbala obala kangaka. Uma uphonsa inaliti ngeminwe yakho, iphunga elimhlophe le-pine lizovela ngokushesha.
Amaconsi-mbumbuluNgokuyinhloko, i-pseudo-hull ididekile ne-fir, i-spruce ngenxa yamagatsha afanayo: kuye, futhi ikhula ngokuphindaphindiwe ku-trunk.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokuthi ungakhula kanjani i-fir kusayithi nakubhodji, indlela yokusakaza, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinto eziwusizo onayo.
Izici zesici
I-Psevdotsugi inezinzuzo ezimbalwa lapho abalimi beyithanda khona. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- ukukhula okusheshayo. Unyaka ngamunye isitshalo sithathwe ngu-40-50 cm, ngakho-ke phakathi neminyaka embalwa kakade "umhlali" othakazelisayo uyovela kusayithi;
- frost ukumelana. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nesikhukhula esingasemaphandleni eNyakatho Yurophu, kodwa ensimini engaphakathi, kuvunyelwe kahle yiqhwa nokubandayo, futhi ngenxa yesiqu esinamandla, ayinandaba nemimoya;
- ungesabi imvelo embi. Lesi sihlahla sizizwa kahle ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho izinga le-toxic waste likhishwa khona.
Lapho ikhula khona
INyakatho Melika ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-pseudo-hemlock, lapho izitshalo ze-botanist ziqala ukubuka kulo muthi. Kodwa-ke, emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-18 zamasaka angamanga, ezinye zazo zikhula kuphela eJapane, eChina, nangemva kokuvela komuthi eNgilandi ngekhulu le-19, zaqala ukusakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. 
Umqambimanga wangempela namuhla utholakala kuphela endle, eduze kwemifula, emadolobheni amancane. Futhi ngezidingo zokuhlobisa, izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza zisetshenziswa.
Akuzona eziphakeme kangaka, umqhele wabo uvame ukutholakala emanzini omuntu wokuphakama okuphakathi, okunikeza ithuba lokubonga ukusabalalisa ama-paws e-fluffy kanye nama-cones amahle.
Uyazi? Namuhla emhlabeni azikho eziningi zepseudo-tocsug ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100-200 ubudala. Njenge-sequoia enamandla, lesi sihlahla ngokuvamile siba yisisulu sokungena emthethweni ngokungemthetho, ngoba imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngalezi zinkuni eziyingqayizivele emakethe emnyama iyabiza kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
Zonke izinhlobo ezingu-18 zifana nomunye nomunye, ngakho-ke sikhetha ngokwehlukana kuphela labo abanezici ezikhethekile.
IsiJapane
Igama lomhlaba jikelele lezi zinhlobonhlobo lizwakala kanje - Pseudotsuga japonica. Ummeleli walezi zinhlobo kuphela angahlangana esiqhingini saseJapane saseHonshu endaweni engaphezu kwamamitha angaphezu kuka-500 ngaphezu kolwandle. 
Umuthi ukhululekile uzizwa usondelene nemifula, izimbobo ezijulile, zizungezwe ezinye iziqu. Isimo sezulu esincane sendawo kanye nomhlabathi kusuka emadwaleni omlilo kudala izimo ezinhle zokukhula nokukhiqiza.
Sincoma ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla ze-coniferous nezihlahla.
I-Japanese-leopard ingavamile ukufika endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-30, futhi ububanzi bayo buyi-150 cm.
Umqhele esihlahleni ugxila engxenyeni engenhla, ubeka ama-hues aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu kanye nephansi eliphansi. Amagatsha aphuzi abomvu avukela phezulu, ahlanganiswe ngombala ngo-Ephreli nangezimboni zezinhlamvu ngo-Okthoba. Ngaphandle kwesiqhingi, umuthi utholakala kuphela kuma-arboretums, lapho ungaqabuli kahle khona.
Kubalulekile! Namuhla eJapane, inani lamadayipi angamabhiliyoni angama-2,000, ngoba ayithinteka ngokungena ngemvume ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi kunzima ukuqhubeka futhi nomphakathi..
Izinkomo
Pseudotsuga macrocarpanoma isikhwama esikhulu, ibizo layo ngenxa yezithelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-pseudo-sutsug: zingakwazi ukufinyelela ubude buka-15-18 cm. Imbewu yezimbewu ezinjalo zikhulu kakhulu, azikwazi ukuhamba, ngakho-ke ukusabalalisa amaqanda amanga kunikezwa izinyoni.
Naphezu kwalezi zinhlanzi ezivelele, ukukhula komuthi ngokwawo kuncane - amamitha angu-15-30. Ibuye ihluke emagqabeni ase-ribbed, lapho kunezingqimba ezincane ezinamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga amancane. 
Leli gxolo eliyingqayizivele elisindisa njalo ihloni elingamaphutha emlilweni ovukela eCalifornia, lapho umuthi ukhula khona. Ungamhlangabeza emithambekeni yasentshonalanga nasenyakatho yezintaba, emagodini nasemthunzini ogwini lwemifula.
Nakuba i-ingosi enkulu kakhulu futhi ithanda umswakama, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezimelele, ezigwadule, ukuze abantu babo bangabungozi.
Ezikhathini ezinzima, umuthi ubeka izinaliti futhi usezingeni elilele kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, futhi emva kokushintsha kwezimo kuvela ngamandla amasha.
Uyazi? I-pseudo-leopard enkulu kakhulu ikwazi ukukhula ezimweni eziyingqayizivele ngempela: izibonelo eziningi zisezintabeni zentaba nge-angle engaphezu kuka-35 degrees.
Menzies
Pseudotsuga menziesiinoma umqambimanga weMenzies - uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwama-pseudo-cuts olukhula eYurophu. Lesi sihlahla esinesihlahla esinesihlahla esihlala njalo esinomqhele obunamaqanda sinezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-10. Ama-specimens amancane ahluke kumbala obomvu we-orange-obomvu wamagatsha, aphakanyiswe kancane, futhi amagxolo abushelelezi phezu kwesiqu. 
Amalungu amadala ezinhlobonhlobo anama-paws amnyama angemuva, futhi amagxolo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi athola ama-hillocks kanye nemibimbi. Ama-Cones eMsez's pseudo-tosugi ayaphuma, futhi izinaliti zifushane - ziphela 2-3 cm ubude.
Lezi zinhlobo nazo kuthiwa yi-Douglas fir.ngoba nguye owahlangana noDavid Douglas okokuqala ngesikhathi ehambela eNyakatho Melika. Ukubukeka kweMenzies kwaba yisisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha, phakathi kwazo okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu yi-flat-top "Compacta", encane "Densa" kanye ne-drooping Glauca Pendula.
Kodwa uthando olukhethekile lwabalimi nabahlobiso bawina "i-Glauca", efana ne-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isi-Chinese
Pseudotsuga sinensis ejwayelekile eChina, eTaiwan naseVietnam. Lapha uvame ukunqoba izintaba ezingeni lika-3300 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, kodwa, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-pusudo-tosug, uthanda ukuhlala phakathi kwezihlahla ezinqabile.
Uyazi? Abantu bezemvelo bavame ukusebenzisa i-pseudo-tosug ukubuyisela amahlathi ngemuva komlilo. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwabo.
Mhlawumbe yingakho izinhlobonhlobo zaseChina zinomqhele omkhulu, okwakubonakala sengathi kufana nezihlahla ezinqabile. Ngesisekelo sezinaliti ezincane, imivimbo emibili emhlophe ivela, futhi amathiphu abo ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imifino ekhula ngokwanele ijabule nge-shades eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu-obomvu ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. 
Ngaphambilini, ngenkathi ama-giants asendulo ane-trunk ububanzi obufinyelela ku-2 m ayesekhona, i-hiolf-phonade yayisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo namabhuloho, kodwa namuhla le nkathi iphelile.
Ukuhlakulela kwalesi sihlahla akunakulungiswa kusukela embonweni wezomnotho waseShayina, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nesiphukuphuku ezindaweni ezijulile zezwe, ezinqolobaneni noma emagcekeni.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukukhulisa umkhuba wokuziqhenya ezimweni zasekhaya akudingi izindleko ezinkulu noma imizamo, into esemqoka ukulandela iziqondiso eziyisisekelo zokukhetha indawo nomhlabathi.
Uma isikhala sivumela isakhiwo, khona-ke ungasebenzisa ezinye izihlahla ze-coniferous ku-landscape design. Kungaba thuja entshonalanga "Brabant" noma "Kolumna", umjunipha "Skyrocket"; ezindaweni ezingekho ezinkulu ongazitshala: i-spruce yaseCanada, i-cypress, i-mountain pine noma i-yew berry.
Ukukhetha indawo
Nakuba umuntu omdala eqinile, ama-cuttings amancane adinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Khetha izindawo zabo zokuhlala ezisebumthunzini omnyama.
Amahlumela angeke abe khona ilanga elikhanyayo, elizolimaza isikhumba sabo esibucayi, kodwa ukungabi khona kokukhanya okuphelele kungonakalisa ukukhula kwesihlahla esizayo.
Izidingo zomhlaba
I-pseudo-hemlock iyakwazi ukukhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngaphandle kwemvula emanzi. Uma ufuna ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesihlahla esizayo, sebenzisa izinketho ezizithandayo:
- i-oksijini ecebile loamy inhlabathi, kodwa ugweme ubumba obukhulu nesanti ehlanzekile;
- umhlabathi we-podzolic carbonate;
- indawo engamagatsha (izingxenye ezintathu), i-peat kanye ne-humus (izingxenye ezimbili ngayinye).
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukutshala esakhiweni se-pseudo-hull kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusebenzisa imbewu kanye nokusika.
Kubalulekile! Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isiqu simbozwe umoya kuze kube yilapho siqine ngokwanele, kungenjalo isiqu sizobe siguqukile.
Imbewu
Le ndlela ikhathaza kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yalokho uzothola izithombo eziningi. Inqubo ende yokukhula yenezela ukuzinza kwezihlahla ezizayo, ibaqinisa.
Imbewu ema-cones ivame ukuvela njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 ngo-Okthoba. Futhi ngoNovemba zingasetshenziswa. Ukufika kuqhutshwa ezinkomeni ezincane ezine-substrate kuya ku-2 cm ejulile, ehlanganisa phezulu nge-mulch. Ukuze izithombo ezizayo zihlume zibekwe ekamelweni elinamazinga okushisa angaphezulu kwama-20 ° C. 
Imbewu ye-hedgehog Iminyaka engama-5 yokuqala kungcono ukuthi izitshalo zibe ngaphakathi, futhi uma zifinyelela kule minyaka, zingatshalalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Lokhu kulandelwa kwemibandela yemvelo kunokwenzeka kwifriji evamile. Beka i-gauze emanzi ephepheni leplastiki bese ubeka imbewu kuso.
Faka ifriji izinsuku ezingu-2-3, kanti izitshalo zilungele ukutshala. Ukwakhiwa kwamandla kunzima kakhulu izithombo ezizayo, okuqhubeka zibavumela ukuba bakhuthazele kalula kalula amaqhwa ebusika.
Kubalulekile! Uma imbewu yonyaka odlule noma imbewu endala ithathwa ukutshala, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokuqamba.
Kodwa khumbulani ukuthi ukugcina imbewu yokutshala okuqhubekayo kugumbi elipholile, ezimweni ezinjalo, baqamba amanga futhi iminyaka eyishumi. Kodwa ekamelweni elifudumele, imbewu izophanga phakathi nonyaka.
Imbewu ihluma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyikhipha emgwaqweni, futhi ekwindla ngasekupheleni, zimboze ngefilimu phambi kwamaqhwa.
Cuttings
Labo abafuni ukulinda ukutshala okusha iminyaka emihlanu kufanele bakhethe ukusika. Uhlelo lwesenzo kulokhu lulandelayo:
- entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kobuthakathaka bokuqala, sikhetha isihlahla okungenani iminyaka emine ubudala;
- phakathi kwamahlumela ohlangothini, uthathe isiqu, kodwa njalo ngesithende - uhlaka lwezinkuni phansi;
- sinciphisa ihlumela endaweni yokugqugquzela ukukhula kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ukunikeza amandla engeziwe;
- lapho izinga lokushisa elingaphandle lizofika ku-20-23 ° C, endaweni enobumnyama senza kahle, sigcwalise nge-substrate echazwe ngenhla, ungakhohlwa mayelana nomsele;
- sithatha isiqu futhi sitshala ngokucophelela nge-angle engama-degree 60-70, sigcine ukuma kwezinaliti.
Kubalulekile! Nakuba le ndlela iyamukeleka ekutshaleni ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, ochwepheshe basanxusa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sigcinwe ebhodweni ngonyaka wokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande kangcono.
Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-1-1.5, isithombo esanda kuzalwa sithatha izimpande endaweni entsha. Uma izitshalo eziningana zihlelwe ukuba zitshalwe ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga elihle kubo lizoba ngamamitha ayi-1.5 kuya kwangu-4, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izilinganiso ezihlelelwe izihlahla ezivuthiwe.
Kungcono kakhulu ukusabalalisa amanga
Zombili lezi zindlela zinezinzuzo nezindlala, kepha ochwepheshe bakhetha ukusebenza nembewu esikhundleni sokusika. Nakuba le ndlela iqhubeka isikhathi eside, izithombo zayo ziphikisana kakhulu neqhwa, izinambuzane, nomhlabathi ompofu.
I-cuttings isetshenziswe ezimweni lapho kunesidingo sokukhula ngokushesha ngesihlahla.
Izici ukunakekela izithombo ezincane
Noma yikuphi indlela yokuhlala oyikhethayo, amahlumela amancane ayodinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo:
- buka isimo sezulu. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, uma kukhona ithuba leqhwa, ungakhohlwa ukumboza isithombo ngendwangu engekho emini ebusuku: kubanda kule nkathi yokukhula kwayo kuyonakalisa. Futhi ekupheleni kwekwindla uzothola uhlanga ngamaqabunga noma amagatsha ase-spruce ukuze adlulise ubusika obushushu;
Uyazi? Esimweni semithi ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-hull-hull ithatha indawo yesithathu kuphela, ngemuva kwe-eucalyptus yase-Australia ne-redwoods yase-Australia.
- khumbula ilanga. Imisebe yasekuseni nasebusuku inhle kubadlali abasha, kodwa emini kufanele kugcinwe emthunzini, ikakhulu ehlobo. Uma kungenjalo kuyobe kushisa phezu kwamagxolo;
- ukuphuza. Uma kungenjalo imvula yenzeke isikhathi eside futhi umhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-sapling uqala ukumbozwa ngamaphunga, amanzi amanzi amahlumela kanye ngesonto (ama-25 amalitha amanzi azokwanela kanye). Ngokushisa okwedlulele, ukwandisa imvamisa yokuchelela. Futhi, lesi sitshalo samukela ngokwazisa ukusafaza ekuseni nokuhlwa;
- ukukhulula. Ukuze umswakama ukondle kangcono inhlabathi, kanye nokufinyelela kwe-oksijeni ezimpandeni, ungakhohlwa ukukhipha inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla;
- ukunciphisa. Kunconywa kakhulu ukukhipha amafihlethi avela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa ukusika umqhele akudingekile emthunzini omncane wezingoma. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa kuphela ngenhloso yokunikeza umuthi ukuma okuhlobisa;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukupakisha ngaphandle kwaso ngeke kube lula ukuphatha eminyakeni yokuqala yoku-2 yokukhula, ngakho ngezikhathi ezithile ugcwalise inhlabathi ezungezile nge peat noma humus.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abaningi, abanakekela amahlumela abasha psevdotsugi, bahlanganise amagatsha awo ekwindla. Uma kungenjalo kukhona ingozi ukuthi ebusika bayophula ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa.
Imithetho yokunakekela isitshalo somdala
Iminyaka yokuqala 2-3 emva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kubalulekile ngokhuni. Uma kunembile ukunakekela amahlumela ngalesi sikhathi, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo umsizi-hemlock uzobhekana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlupheka ngaphandle kosizo.
Ukunisela nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Nakuba umqambimanga aphikisana nomswakama olinganiselayo, ubekezela ngesineke isomiso. Sekuyisikhathi eside, kungabi khona imvula, kodwa uma ufuna ukwenza impilo ibe lula emthini ngesikhathi sezinkathi, siyobe sesiwavumela ukuphuza njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ngokwanele 10-12 amalitha amanzi. Uma nje ingwe-ingwe ingumncane futhi isesimweni esifushane, kuyasiza futhi ukuba aphikise umqhele.
Crown ukunciphisa
Izibonelo zama-Adult akudingeki ukuba izihlahla zikhishwe, kodwa zibekezelela kahle uma kunesidingo. Ngenxa yalokhu ikhono, imithi isetshenziselwa izindawo zokuhlobisa, ngoba emqhele wabo kulula ukwenza umumo oyifunayo. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-4-5 yokuphila, umqambimanga usevele ungumuthi omkhulu kakhulu ongadingi ukondla okwengeziwe. Umuntu omdala uthola, ikhudlwana imfashini yezinaliti eziwe phansi ngaphansi kwayo, okuyiyo, ukubola, nokudla i-hull-pseudo.
Uyazi? Wonke amalungu omndeni wasePine anezinaliti eziselula. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zihamba kancane emagatsheni, kanti ebusika, ngokuphambene nalokho, cindezela iminyango, njengokungathi uzama ukufihla emakhazeni.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngaphandle komqhele oqhakazile, abalimi bayayithanda inhlanzi yabo yokumelana nokuphikisa kwabo izifo nezinambuzane. Kuwo wonke amacala angavamile kakhulu, angabhekana nefungus noma ama-aphid.
I-fungus ihlasela izimpande nesiqu. Isizathu sokubukeka kwayo kungumswakama ngokweqile noma ukutheleleka kwesinye isitshalo. Uma kunokwenzeka, lesi sizathu kufanele sisungulwe masinyane futhi sichithwe. Futhi ukuphatha izindawo ezithintekile ngemithi elwa ne-fungal (Baktofit, Vitaros). 
I-Aphid ayitholakali isongelwa nge-poutudo-soutines, iphikiswa ngephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma, noma kunjalo, abantu ngabanye abaphikisana nayo bathola, khona-ke umuthi kufanele uchithelwa ngezinambuzane ("Aktara", "Commander", "Corado").
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokubhekana ne-conifer izinambuzane.
Psevdotsuga - umhlobiso omuhle kunoma iyiphi isayithi. Lo muthi ovela ezihlahleni zikaPine ungadli phansi emhlabathini futhi ukhathalele ngokwengeziwe, noma kunjalo, kuyomjabulisa umnikazi wakhe ngomqhele wokunethezeka. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi abakhi bemvelo baqhubeka beyisebenzisa njengengxenye yezinhlanzi zendabuko kanye nezihlahla.
