Yini okudingeka ukwazi ngayo ukuzalanisa umfula

I-Trout inyama yondla futhi iphilile, futhi inezindleko eziphezulu. Uma ufuna ukuzitholela izinhlanzi ezintsha njalo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ungabhubhisi isabelomali semindeni, kufanele ucabange ngokuzalana kwayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba umsebenzi onjalo ungashintsha futhi ube ibhizinisi. Indlela yokuzala uhlobo lwe-trout ekhaya - zama ukuthola.

Ukukhetha izinhlobo zokuzalanisa

Kulezi zinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 ezikhona zalezi zinhlanzi, okuwukuphela kwezi-2 ezifanele ukuzalanisa - umfula (umgodi) no-rainbow. Ziyizilwane ezidla inyamazane, ngakho-ke zinganikezwa ngokulinganayo njengokudla njengezinhlanzi, izimbongolo, amaxoxo kanye nezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi.

Uma kungenjalo, banokuhlukana okuningi okufanele kucatshangelwe uma bezalela.

Brook

I-Piedchus ingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-12, futhi isisindo sayo esiphezulu sifinyelela ku-12 kg. Ukuthungatha kuqala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Fecundity - amaqanda 200-1500, kuye ngokuthi isisindo sowesifazane.

Ubude benkathi yokukhushulwa buhluka ngokuya ngokushisa:

• + 8 ° С - izinyanga ezingu-3;
• + 2 ° С - izinyanga ezingu-7.

Ukufakelwa kwe-caviar kwenzeka ekwindla. Lezi zinyoni azikhuli ngokushesha njengenhlavu ye-rainbow, kodwa zingagcinwa kahle.

Rainbow

Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuneminyaka engama-2. Ungabona lokhu emgqeni omkhulu futhi ocacile we-iridescent emzimbeni wesilisa. Amantombazane akhiqiza amaqanda angu-800 kuya ku-3000.

Inhlanzi izwa kahle emanzini abandayo, kodwa emanzini afudumele ukukhula kwabo kuphuthumayo. Iqukethe kahle ku-14-16 ° C.

Khetha i-subspecies efana ne-Donaldson trout kanye ne-Canadian Kamloops ejulile. Ziningi kakhulu kunezinye (ngo-30%), ngaphandle kwalokho, zikhula ngokushesha izikhathi eziningana.

Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokulima

Ungakhetha izindawo eziningana zokuzalisa izinhlanzi - izindlela ezihlangene zisiza ukufeza ukukhula okuhle. Amaqanda angaba ne-tank eyodwa, izinhlanzi ezincane nezindala ezikhukhuleni, nezindawo ezinkulu zabantu - izimbiza ezihlukene. Bred in echibini, amakheji, amachibi, ukufakwa kwamanzi avaliwe (UZV).

Ichibi

Ungasebenzisa ichibi elikhona noma ungazakhela. Okukhethwa kuqala akudingekile kakhulu - kunzima ukugcina izimo ezifanele zokulima izinhlanzi futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuvikela echibini kusuka kwabalimi.

Seluleka ukuba ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo zasemanzini ezingcono kakhulu echibini lakho nokuthi ungabakhetha kanjani.

Esigodini, lapho kutholakala khona isidumbu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugeleza: lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi apholile. Amanzi aqhubekayo ayogcwala umoya-mpilo, futhi echibini ngokwaso lizohlanzwa kokudla kanye nemikhiqizo ye-waste.

Uma ugoba echibini, khona-ke kuyoba nzima ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe + 2 ° С ngaphandle kwamadivayisi akhethekile, yingakho ukukhula kwe-trout kuzokwehla. Ungahlola ukuthi le ndlela inenzuzo yini, engaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu - inhlanzi izobe isinikeze inzalo. Izinkinga zingase ziphakame nokukhiqiza - ezimweni ezinjalo, inhlanzi ngokwayo ayifuni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusiza ngokukhulelwa. Abantu baphuthukiswa emanzini, amaqanda akhishwa emasimini kanye ne-semen ezivela emadodeni, ahlanganiswe khona. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-7-10, ukukhulelwa kungabhekwa njengokuphelele. I-Caviar ivuthwe ekufakweni kwezixhobo zokufakelwa.

I-plus ye-echibini eyenziwe ngokwayo ukuthi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ichithe imali ekudleni kwe-trout: echibini lemvelo uyothola yona-lezi zingabhungane, izimpungushe zobumyofu, izinhluzane. Ungagijima kuphela izinhlanzi ezincane ezingabizi kakhulu zokudla.

Ubuningi besibalo sezingcezu ezingu-30 ngehora elilodwa. m

Sincoma ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungenza kanjani ichibi lakho ngamadada namahansi.

Ama-Cues

Le ndlela ibhekwa njengenzuzo kakhulu. Amakheji - igumbi elihlanganiswe nesakhiwo sensimbi enesisindo noma enesisindo esinamahloni, eselulwe ngezigxobo. Kubonakala sengathi inetha elikhulu - isikhwama esinamanzi esihambayo kuhlaka.

Yakha isakhiwo esinjalo emanzini avulekayo emvelo. Zihlukile ngokwakheka nomthamo, kodwa zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 ububanzi. Kubalulekile ukwenza ikamelo elinjalo lokutshala imfucumfucu ekujuleni okungenani imitha engama-6 - okungenani imitha eyi-1 kufanele ishiywe kusuka emgodini kuze kube phansi. Kungenzeka ukusetha isakhiwo. Amapulazi:

1. ngamanzi afudumele - amakheji okuzenzekelayo angaphezu kuka-100 cubic metres. m, ingaba kude nogwini, ukusebenzisa ngaphandle kwamanje;
2. ngamanzi abandayo - efakwe emachibini asenyakatho, kunezigaba, i-pontoon neyamiswa, ivolumu ayikho ngaphezu kwama-cubic metres ayi-100. m;
3. ngamanzi olwandle - pontoon noma amachibi okuzenzekelayo, ivolumu yalo angeke ibe ngaphezu kuka-60 cu. m

Inani labantu alikho abangaphezu kuka-100 ngabangu-1 ngehora. m

Kubalulekile! Amanzi olwandle yiwona owusizo kakhulu ekuzaleni izinhlanzi: i-metabolism iyashesha ezimweni ezinjalo futhi inhlanzi ikhula ngokushesha.

UZV

Indlela ebiza kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokuzalanisa izinhlanzi - ukufakwa kwamanzi avaliwe. Kubonakala kanje: echibini elincane elinemishini ekhethekile, i-trout idalwa eduze nemibandela yemvelo yokuphila. Amanzi ahlale ehlungwa futhi agcwele umoya-mpilo.

Ukwakha i-RAS, okulandelayo kuyadingeka:

• ibhuku lokubhukuda;
• izihlungi kanye nama-biofilters amanzi;
• uhlelo lokumisa;
• amaphampu;
• ama-disinfection systems;
• i-oxygenator;
• Ukushisa izinhlelo.

Lezi zixhobo zizohambisa amanzi njalo nokuhlanzwa kwayo. Etikini ngalinye udinga ukufaka njalo ku-15% wamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Ngokujwayelekile kulezi zinhlanzi izinhlanzi zondliwa ngokudla okuhlanganiswa, hhayi ukudla okungokwemvelo. Ungagcizelela izinzuzo zalendlela yokuzalanisa:

• inqubo elawulwa ngokugcwele - kusukela emanzini wamanzi kuze kube semali yokudla;
• ikhono lokugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo;
• umphumela umkhiqizo onobungane - izimo zokuboshwa azivumeli noma yikuphi ukungcola kwangaphandle.

Ubukhulu bokuhlala - kuze kube yizicucu ezingu-100 ngamamitha ayi-cubic ngalinye. m

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa inkinga

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele ekukhethweni kwezindawo zokuzalisa izinhlanzi, kufanele ube nemvume yokwakha ipulazi lezinhlanzi emzimbeni othile wamanzi (uma umthombo ovulekile). Okulandelayo, udinga ukufakazela ukuthi akulimazi imvelo.

Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo ezikhulayo

Uzodinga imishini elandelayo:

• amakhemikhali wokufakelwa;
• abashayeli bemoto;
• ama-aerator kanye neziteshi ze-compressor;
• ama-oxygen cones;
• izihlungi;
• Amadivayisi wokulinganisa i-pH ne-chlorine emanzini;
• abahlanza amanzi;
• amabhakede, amanetha.

UMalkov ngokushesha wenza ikoloni indawo yokuzala - amakheji, amachibi noma i-ultrasound. Lapho inhlanzi ikhula ekuzaliseni (kusukela eminyakeni emibili), abantu abahle kakhulu bakhethiwe futhi bafakelwa eceleni emakhethini - kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-30 ngehora elilodwa. m Ngemuva kokuba ithole likhula emasimini, linyanyiswa kahle futhi lihlanganiswe nenzalo. Kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa ama gazinga, amaqanda agcinwa ku-incubators akhethekile kuze kube yinyanga. Ngonyaka wokuqala we-fried born, kuhle ukuhlala endaweni ehlukile.

Ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi echibini kudala amadamu obumba. Ukuzivimbela ukuba zingasebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-slabs okhonkolo akhiwa eduze kwe-reservoir. Futhi kusiza ukugwema ukungcola kwamanzi okungadingeki.

Uyazi? Esimo sezulu esishisayo endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, imifucumfucu ingavunwa ngesandla - iwela ku-coma.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokuzalanisa izakhi, izitshalo ze-aerator zizodingeka ukuze kube khona ukugeleza kwamanzi ahlanzekile futhi apholile. I-lokushisa kufanele ihlolwe - izinkomba ezingaphansi kuka-2 ° C kanye nokungaphezulu kuka-20 ° C we-trout zingaqeda ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ngamapayipi.

Thenga ukudoba

Kungcono ukuthenga gazinga lapho unyaka ongu-1, khona-ke amathuba okudliwa yizilwane kunciphise ngo-90%. Uma uthenga, gcina ukuthi engama-10% we-gazinga azofa enkambeni yokukhula, kanti konke okunye eminyakeni embalwa kuzofinyelela isisindo esingaba ngu-500 g.

Kungcono ukuzithenga emapulazini enhlanzi: lapho ungabona ukuthi yiziphi izimo abazigcina bese bezondla. Ngemuva kokuxoxisana nabalimi abanolwazi, ungafunda ubuqili bokukhuphula le nhlanzi bese ucela iseluleko ngezinzuzo ezinkulu.

Okungenani ama-gazinga angu-100 athengwa ngokushesha; umuntu omdala owakhiwe angabanjwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4-5.

Fry kumele isebenze, ngesifiso - ungabona lokhu ngokumane ubheke epulazini lezinhlanzi. Gcina izinsana emanzini kusuka ku-10 ° kuya ku-14 ° C.

Amakhemikhali yamanzi

Qaphela:

• oksijini - izinga elijwayelekile liyi-7-11 mg / l: omncane umuntu, isilinganiso esikhulu; kukholomu ye-aeration, lungisa isimo se-saturation yamanzi nge-oksijeni kuze kube ngu-95%;
• pHnoma Ion ukuhlushwa emanzini - isibonakaliso esivela ku-6.5 kuya ku-8, uma siwa, i-trout iyeka ukuphindaphinda, futhi ngokunyuka kuya ku-9 ingafa;
• i-carbon dioxide - ayikho ngaphezu kuka-25 mg / l;
• ammonia - 0.1 mg / l;
• ukuqina - 8-12: ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza i-lime;
• nitrate - ukuhlushwa okuvela ku-100 mg / l sekusetyeni kakade ukuze kutholakale;
• i-chlorine - akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-0.01 mg / l.

Ukudla

Izinga lokukhula, umbala wenyama kanye nemfanelo yayo ukuncika ekutheni inhlanzi yokudla. I-Fatter neyomnandi kakhulu iyoba yinto yokudla okukhulayo, okungeyona eyomile. Uma i-catacanthin ingeziwe ekudleni, inyama yezinhlanzi igcwele ngokubomvu.

Fry

Qala ukuzondla ngabanye ezimpungeni - ukuba zilungiselele i-zooplankton nge-egg yolk ne-pengu. Uma bekhula kuze kube gazinga, ama-pot amazambane awakulungele: ama-pleen angaphansi komhlaba, inyama-inhlanzi inyama kanye namafutha enhlanzi. Ukudla - kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-9 ngosuku. Abantu abayizinkulungwane badinga 90 g yokudla. Ukuze uthole ukudla okufakelwayo nokudla, ungakhetha okukhethekile kwalesi sigaba. Okuphakelayo kungasondela futhi kugobhoze.

Umuntu omdala

Omile noma ohlala ukudla kufanelekile kuleli qembu. Inhlanganisela yabo ingenzeka ku-40% kuya ku-60%. Isondlo singagcwele inyama ne-giblets yezilwane, imfucuza yokukhiqiza izinhlanzi, ama-shrimp, ama-mollusks, izimbungulu, izinambuzane. I-fibre ayixhunyiwe emzimbeni we-trout, kodwa ifanele ukukhulula okuphakelayo.

Izimo zokushisa

Amaconsi okungazelelwe angalimaza i-trout, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcina izinga lokushisa ngezinga elifanayo. Ebusika, kunzima ukufudumala kwamanzi emithonjeni yemvelo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukudoba okwesikhashana inhlanzi e-ultrasonic, lapho izinga lokushisa lizoba khona ngo-14 ° C - kufanele lihambe kancane kancane ukusuka kulesibonakaliso esasemgodini wemvelo.

I-Caviar ivuthiwe ngo-6-12 ° С, gazinga kahle ngo-10-14 ° С, abantu abadala basebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike ku + 16 ° С.

Ukunakekela

Ukukhula okusheshayo nokuphakeme kwezinhlanzi ozidingayo:

• silondoloze i-aeration yamanzi, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile;
• amanzi ahlanzekile njalo (izihlungi);
• izinhlanzi ezibuthakathaka nezincane ezincane zishiywa ngaphandle; zizokhula futhi uma zidla ngokwehlukana;
• hlola izinkomba zamanzi namadivayisi akhethekile (i-asidi, i-pH, i-salinity, ukutholakala kwe-nitrate, i-chlorine);
• ukuthutha abantu abahle kakhulu ngesikhathi beza ekuqothulweni kokufakelwa.

Uyazi? I-trout ihamba ngokushesha kunenhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile cishe kabili - ingafinyelela ngesivinini se-16 km / h.

Izinga lokukhulisa izinkinga

Ngokunakekelwa kahle, ungabona amazinga okukhula okulandelayo we-rainbow trout:

• Fry ngonyaka wokuqala unesisindo esingama-30 g;
• kusuka inhlanzi ngonyaka ifinyelela ku 125 g;
• kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala - cishe 200 g

• unyaka owodwa ubudala isilinganiselwa ku-25 g;
• umuntu oneminyaka emibili - 150-170 g;
• eminyakeni emithathu - kufika ku-500 g

Ukuvimbela izifo

Izinto ezilandelayo zingabangela ukugula:

• Ukubekwa okukhulu kwezinhlanzi emgodini;
• ukuthengwa kwe-Fry kakade egulayo;
• izimo ezingafanele zokuboshwa.

Kubalulekile! Kuphi ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, inhlanzi kufanele ibekwe eceleni, ngokwahlukana nabantu abaphilile.

Ngokudla okungalungile, izifo zesibindi kanye nesisu kungenzeka, ngakho-ke, inhlanzi akufanele idliwe ngokudla okuyi-stale, ukondla okwakhiwa ngekhekhe ekotini ekubunjweni, futhi akukhuthazwa ukuba udlule inani elidingekayo.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingabonakaliswa ngokushintsha kombala wezinhlanzi (izikali zikhanya), ukuphuza, ukwenqaba ukudla. Abantu abanjalo babonakala ngokushesha phakathi kwabo bonke, futhi kumele basuswe ukuze bagweme ukutheleleka. Ukuvimbela izifo ozidingayo:

• yondla ngekhwalithi ephakeme noma edlalwayo;
• hlola inhlanzi ngobudala bese ususa abantu abancane, njengoba bebuthakathaka;
• ukukala ukushisa kwamanzi okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku;
• ukulawula inqubo yokuhlanza nokukhishwa kwamanzi;
• Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali wamanzi;
• Uma ukuthutha noma ukuthenga gazinga omusha, inhlanzi kumele ihlukaniswe isikhathi esithile.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde mayelana nokuzalanisa i-carp ekhaya.

Kungenzeka yini ukudluliselwa emanzini anosawoti

Emanzini anosawoti, i-trout ikhula ngokushesha, ukunambitheka kwenyama yayo nakho kuthuthukisa. Uma ekuqaleni ukuzaliswa kwezinhlanzi kuqalwe emanzini amasha, khona-ke ukuguqula amanzi okusawoti kufanele kwenzeke kancane kancane.

Ngokuvamile izilwane ezincane zisebenza ngesilinganiso samathani angu-3 kuya ku-9, kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala isivele isenzeka ukuba siphile emanzini nge-salinity index ka 12-15. Amanzi amasha ashintshwe ukuze abe nosawoti angaphezu kuka-1 litre ngesikhathi ukuze izinhlanzi zikwazi ukuvumelanisa noshintsho.

Amaphutha avamile

Abalimi abanenhlanzi abangenalwazi benza amaphutha anjalo:

• bavumela ukuzalanisa izintuthwane ukugeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi - abahlaziyi amanzi, abaqhathanisi ukushisa, abakwenzi ukuhlanzwa;
• thenga ukudla okuphansi - lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwabantu abangaba ngu-50%;
• basindisa emzimbeni wamanzi - udinga ukunamathela emigomeni yobuningi bezinhlanzi ngobuningi bezinketho zokuzalanisa;
• ukugcinwa kwemishini;
• ukuthenga gazinga emapulazini angagunyaziwe.

Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala i-trout ngezindlela ezintathu

Sithole ukuthi ukuzaliswa kwezinhlanzi kuyinkqubo echitha isikhathi futhi ebiza kakhulu. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ungenza inzuzo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi ungaba yinkimbinkimbi, uma uzalisa uhlobo lwe-trout ngendlela yokufakelwa.