Ibanga lamagilebhisi "iBaikonur"

Ezinsukwini zakudala, abaningi babesebenza nge-viticulture ukuze bakhiqize iwayini elivuthiwe elivuthiwe.

Ikakhulukazi kulokhu, izinhlobo zezobuchwepheshe zatshalwe kulezi zizabelo, ezinikeza amajusi amaningi adingekayo esikhathini esizayo utshwala.

Namuhla, abaningi balwela ukuthola izinhlobo zemagilebhisi ngokunambitheka okuhle nesethulo, ukujabulela amajikijolo amaningi anambitha futhi bahlobisa itafula lokudlela ngamaqoqo amahle.

Yilezi zithelo zamagilebhisi esifisa ukukutshela kulesi sihloko ukuze sibe nezimfanelo ezinhle zetafula.

Lona uhlobo lwe-hybrid lamagilebhisi, okuthiwa "i-Baikonur".

Yiziphi izici ezikhethekile ngenxa yegama elinjalo elikhulu: izici ze-varietal zamagilebhisi "i-Baikonur"

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zinezici eziningi nezithelo eziwusizo kakhulu.

I-Baikonur ingumphumela wokuzaliswa kwe-amateur, futhi umbhali wayo uyindoda edumile phakathi kwabalimi bewayini, i-EG Pavlovsky. Ukuze kube nokuhlukahluka okusha, lo mbangi wasebenzisa izinto ezinjalo ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi njenge "Talisman" nelithi "Woman Pretty" (lokhu kubuye kube umphumela wokukhethwa kukaPavlovsky).

Ibanga lokuqala elisetshenzisiwe seliba ngumnikeli wokumelana noBaikonur, kuyilapho lesibili sesiba ifomu nombala wamajikijolo. Ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo nokuzivumelanisa nokuzivumelanisa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenziwa ezindaweni eziningi, zakhula ngisho nasesifundazweni saseMoscow (kodwa njengesiko lokumboza).

Izinhlobonhlobo zemivini ezichazwe zihloswe ukusetshenziswa okusha, zisekelwa yiyo kahle ukunambitheka.

Amaqoqo amahle nezinhle - nje ibhizinesi lebhizinisi lalezi zinhlobonhlobo, nayo yonke inzalo ka-Pavlovsky umbhali.

I-Cylindroconic, kaningi kangako nje i-conic, amaqoqo anezikhulu ezincane kakhulu. Amajikijolo awafakwe kuwo ngokuqinile, okwenza isakhiwo se-cluster medium sivuleke. Ngokwesilinganiso, wabo isisindo siyi-0.4-0.7 kilogram, nakuba kusetshenzwa njalo amahlumela nokudla komvini, ngoba inqwaba yamachungechunge amakhulu kakhulu akhiwa, anesisindo esingama 1 kilogremu nangaphezulu.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthi indima ebaluleke kakhulu ebuhleni bamaqoqo idlalwa amajikijolo, futhi ikakhulukazi - umbala wabo. Emagilebhisi "Baikonur" amajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu ngesayizi. Lokhu kuboniswa yisisindo sabo esilinganiselwe, esilingana no-12-16 amagremu.

Ekhuluma ngamajikijolo, umuntu kufanele athole ngendlela ephawulekayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, isici esivelele: unomumo ovelele kakhulu, ohlangene nobuncibili. Ngakho-ke, ubude berry eyodwa bungaba namasentimitha angu-4. Ukuzibona kanye, ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo ngeke kusebenze.

Ngokuqondene nombala, ngokuvamile isikhumba sihlukaniswa ngophethi omnyama, obomvu obomvu noma nombala obomvu obomvu, osatshalaliswa ngokufanayo phezu kweberry (futhi ongafani no "Ubuhle"). Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, amajikijolo nawo anesisindo se-pruine (uhlaka lwe-wax, oluvame ukumboza isikhumba samagilebhisi), oludwetshwe ngombala omnyama noma obumnyama.

Ukunambitheka kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyadingeka ukukhuluma ngokuhlukile. Amajikijolo anenyama enomzimba kakhulu, lapho kudliwa okuyinto ezwa sengathi i-crunch. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuphendulela kakhulu futhi kuvumelana. Ukungafani kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyinambitheka yokukhanya okuphawulekayo, enezithelo.

Futhi, naphezu kwesikhumba esinomsoco walawa majikijolo, kudliwa kalula ngaphandle kokushiya noma yikuphi ukunambitheka kokunambitheka kwemizwa, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka. Inhlanganisela enkulu yalezi ezihlukahlukene yiyo ushukela omuhle kakhuluokungamaphesenti angu-19-20%.

I-fruiting enhle yenye enye yalezi zinhlobo zemivini. Ngenxa yehlathi elikhulayo elikhulayo nokuvuthwa okuhle kwamahlumela (kulo lonke ukukhula), isivuno sevini "iBaikonur" siphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqoqo amaningi akhiwa esihlahleni, ukuthi ngaphandle kokulinganisa, akakwazi ukubekezelela bonke - noma amahlumela angaphula, noma amaqoqo angaba amancane kakhulu.

Ngokuqondene nezikhathi zokuvuthwa okugcwele kwezokuvuna kwamagilebhisi "iBaikonur", ziqala izinsuku ezingu-110 ngemuva kokufika kwesihlahla esizinikela. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanele zibhekiswe kubangaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba isivuno sokuvuna saso singaqala kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Agasti.

Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ungasheshi nalokhu, ngoba izithelo zingagcinwa ehlathini isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalahlekelwa yizimfanelo zokubukeka noma ukunambitheka kwabo okuhle.

Ngokufushane mayelana nokuthi yini engabizwa ngokuthi iyinhloko kufanelekile Amagilebhisi "Baikonur"

• Isethulo esihle kakhulu, usayizi nokunambitheka kwezithelo.
• Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwesitshalo.
• Ukufaneleka kokugcina isikhathi eside nokuthutha, lapho amajikijolo engabonakali khona futhi engahlanjululwa ngeqembu.
• Isihlahla sinezimbali zobulili zombili. Leli qiniso alinikeza kuphela i-100% yokuvolisa imifino yazo zonke izimbali, kodwa futhi ukungabi khona kwepea kumaqoqo.
• Ngenxa yesikhumba esinamahloni, ngisho nezinguquko eziphawulekayo emhlabathini umswakama nomoya, amajikijolo awawaqedi.
• Ukulimala kwa-wasps ngesikhathi sonke sokulima kwaleli fomu akuzange kubonwe.
• Iphikisana kakhulu nezifo ze-fungal zezivini, kuhlanganise ne-powdery isikhutha, i-oidium ne-gray mold.
• Ukuphakama okwanele ekushiseni okuphansi: izinkuni ngaphandle kokulimala zibekezelela amaqhwa phansi -23ºС. Naphezu kwalokhu, amahlumela ayesafanele ukumboza ebusika.
• Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iBaikonur ingenye yamafomu amahle kakhulu e-hybrid, afaneleke ukuthola isimo semakethe.

Njengezinhlobo eziningi ezincane nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi, "i-Baikonur" inomphumela owodwa omkhulu: akafundile kancane. Idatha esiyibeke ngenhla ngokuqinisekile ithi okuningi ngalesi sithelo samagilebhisi, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuthi eminye yeminyaka ingabonakalisa ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Futhi, okwamanje akunakwenzeka ukuthola iziphetho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo amahlathi angathela izithelo futhi athuthukise kangcono.

Kwabaningi, ukungalungi yi-nama-alice amathambo amajikijolo omvini. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaba kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3. Zinezinsayizi ezincane, ngakho azizwa zingenakudliwa uma zidliwe.

Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda nge-inoculation ekwindla yamagilebhisi

Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi ensimini: ubunzima nezici ezibalulekile

Abantu abaningi abafisi nje ukutshala umhlaba wabo, kepha futhi ukuthola isivuno esihle ezitshalweni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amahlumela amagilebhisi avame ukutshala njengendlela yokuhlobisa igceke, ama-arbors, ama-arches kanye nezindlu ngokuqondile.

Uma uzothela izithelo zomvini eduze kwekhaya lakho, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokufanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kungenjalo, ungalahlekelwa kokubili isihlahla futhi ushiye ngaphandle kokuvunwa kwawo okuhle.

Amagilebhisi angatshalaliswa ngezindlela eziningi, ukusebenza okuvamile okufanayo, kodwa ukutholakala kweminye imibala kufanele kubhekwe:

• Ukutshala amagilebhisi ngezithombo. Le ndlela yindlela elula futhi ekhona kuphela uma ngabe isayithi lakho lingakaze likhule amagilebhisi. Ngenxa yokutshala kwezimbali ze-grape varietal, isihlahla sizoba nhlobo zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, ukukhula kwalo kuzoba kancane kancane futhi kufinyeleleke, i-fruiting izoqala ngo-3-4 iminyaka.
• Inoculation varietal cuttings kuya izimpande, emva kokususa isihlahla esidala. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa kuphela uma unquma ukushintsha indawo ehlukahlukene yamagilebhisi enomuntu omusha ngokuphelele. Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela yukuthi isihlahla esincane esivela ezinsukwini zokuqala sinezinkuni ezinkulu zokhuni okungapheli kanye nenqubo yezimpande ezithuthukile kahle. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba akhule ngokushesha futhi afake fruiting. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ze-cuttings kanye nezimpande zingase zingavumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma izimfanelo ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zingavela esihlahleni esisha.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlahla zemagilebhisi ngendlela yokuhoxiswa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka nokuba nesihlahla somvini + kufanele sibe yizinhlobo zeBaikonur. Yiqiniso, kuthiwani ngokukhiqizwa kwesinye isihlahla, ungacela abangane bakho abavele babe nalezi ezihlukahlukene. Kumele nje bemba emhlabathini insimu enkulu yokuphunyuka. Ngemuva kwesikhathi, kuzothatha izimpande bese uqala ukuthuthukisa njengesitshalo esihlukile. Khona-ke ingahlukaniswa nesihlahla esikhulu futhi ifakwe kwisayithi yayo. Ukwenza kungaba cishe unyaka wonke.

Amagilebhisi athuthukiswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona iningi lokushisa kwelangafuthi ayikho ngemimoya ebanda noma ukuqhuma umoya obandayo. Akumangalisi ngoba amagilebhisi abhekwa njengezitshalo zaseningizimu.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukhetho oluhle lokutshala esiqhingini luyoba yindawo eningizimu yendlu: okokuqala, isihlahla ngeke sithunjiswe, futhi okwesibili - indlu iyoba yisivikelo emoyeni. Kodwa, kufanele uqaphele izici zendawo yokubeka isayithi lakho, ngoba kubalulekile ukuthi amagilebhisi akhule ekuphakameni noma emanzini aphansi.

Emhlabatsini, lesi siko akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Into ebalulekile kuphela ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphansi okungenani ngamamitha angu-2-2.5, kanti inhlabathi iyakwazi ukumbumba umswakama kahle. Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi enjengobumba ayisebenzi, ngoba ingakwazi ukuguqula isihlahla ngamanzi. Kungcono ukhethe inhlabathi elula.njengomhlaba omnyama.

Uhlelo lokutshala izivini luyinkinga ebalulekile. Phela, ngokuhlwanyela kakhulu, izihlahla ngeke zihlanganise umthunzi kuphela, kodwa futhi "ziba" izakhi zomzimba ezivela komunye nomunye (isimiso sezithelo zamagilebhisi sithuthukile kahle). Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla "i-Baikonur" emgqeni owodwa kufanele libe okungenani amamitha amathathu, futhi phakathi kwemigqa - cishe ngo-4.

Eqinisweni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubikezela kakhulu ngezinsuku zokufika, njengoba zisule kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, entwasahlobo kungenzeka ukutshala imivini kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kufike ehlobo.

I-caveat kuphela - isikhathi ngasinye silinganisa indlela yakho yokufika. Intwasahlobo yokuqala yatshala lezo zithombo eziye zagcinwa kusukela ekwindla. Futhi, phakathi nentswasahlobo, ungenza ukugoba. Kodwa lapho kuqala ukushisa okuzinzile kakade izithombo eziluhlaza zitshalwe.

Ukutshala i-autumn yamagilebhisi kwenziwa ngenkathi izitshalo ziqala ukudlula endaweni yokuphumula. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ungaqhubeka nokuvuna izinto zokutshala, kanye nokufika kwazo ngokuqondile. Kodwa akufanele uphazamise futhi, njengoba kungabanda futhi kulimaze izitshalo ezintsha (uma ungazifihli).

Ukutshala okuvuna kakhulu kwamagilebhisi ekwindla akuyona efiselekayo, ngoba kungabangela ukukhula kwesithombo, kanye ne-frostbite elandelayo ebusika.

Ukutshala isihlahla somvini kwenziwa emagatsheni amaningi:

1. Ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika. Ukupheka kufanele kube amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala amagilebhisi. Ukujula kufanele kube mkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukubeka umanyolo omningi emgodini. Okufanele - amasentimitha angu-80. Inhlanganisela ye-humus nenhlabathi evundile ithululelwa phansi. Le ngxube kufanele ihlume kahle ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, ukuze ingawa ngaphansi komhlaba. Enye ingqimba yenhlabathi kufanele ithululelwe phezu komanyolo.
2. Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwesithombo. Kungcono ukuthenga isithombo, kepha uma uthola izivuno zezithelo zomvini waseBaikonur, ungakhula isithombo ngokwakho ngokumisa ukugaya ebhodweni njengesitshalo sasendlini. Uma ukhetha isiteji, ke unake uhlelo lwempande - kufanele lube nempilo, njengoba kuboniswa umbala omhlophe wezimpande. Futhi, iphuzu elinqunywe phezulu lesithombo kufanele libe luhlaza. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesithombo kufanele zihliswe emanzini izinsuku ezingu-1-2.
3. Ukufika ngokuqondile. I-sapling iwela emgodini kuphela ezingeni le-collar yayo, elingakhuphuka kancane ngaphezu komhlaba. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa umgodi kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokushiya imithwalo emoyeni (kuzo izimpande izokoma).
4. Ukunakekelwa kwe-sapling. Emva kokutshala, imbewu kufanele iphuze ngamanzi amaningi - amabhakede angama-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi imbozwe imilasi noma i-sawdust, ezovumela umswakama ukuba uhlale isikhathi eside emhlabathini.

Ukuqoqa ama-cuttings kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokusakaza amagilebhisi, ngaphandle uma kukhona isihlahla somvini esidala esizeni sakho. Kulokhu:

• Kufanele ulungiselele ama-cuttings kusengaphambili. Ingxenye engezansi ye-cutting kumele inqunywe ezinhlangothini zombili. Lokhu kuzokudala ukuxhumana okungathí sina phakathi kwakhe nesitoko. Kanye nensimu, ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings wehla emanzini. Futhi, kuhle kakhulu ukuyixuba, ngakho-ke kuze kube yilapho ingathatha izimpande, ukusika akusho isikhathi sokomisa.
• Isitoreji singalungiselelwa masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa. Isihlahla esidala sisuswa cishe ngokuphelele - amamentimitha angu-10 kuphela adingekayo. Ubuningi bomhlaba kufanele bube bushelelezi, kufanele buhlanjululwe ngokukhethekile ekubuseni futhi kususe konke ukungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esitokisini, maphakathi uzimisele futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngokuqondile. Akufanele kube nojulile, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalimaza isitoko.
• Ukusika kuncishiselwa ekuhlukaneni kuphela ngxenye eyaqedwa ngaphambili. Indawo yokugoma kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokuqinile, ukunciphisa izimvume ngokusemandleni akho. Emva kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kufakwe ngobumba obumanzi. Isitokisi kufanele siphuziswa, futhi inhlabathi ewuzungezile kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-moss.

Uma ufuna isivuno esihle - nikeza umvini ngokunakekelwa okufanele!

• Kudingeka ukuphuza isihlahla njalo entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuhluma. Futhi, umswakama uwusizo kumagilebhisi ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwesithelo, futhi ikakhulukazi - ngesikhathi somiso.
• Ukunisela ngamunye kuhambisane nokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi ezungeze isiqu. Ukuze uthole umquba, sebenzisa i-moss noma i-sawdust eqinisiwe.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesibhakabhaka esikhuthazayo - njalo njalo ngonyaka. Sebenzisa ama-humus, ama-potassium phosphate fertilizer kanye ne-nitrogen.
• Ukukhipha lezi zihlukahlukene kunconywa isikhathi eside. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ekwindla (khona-ke ungakwazi ukulungisa ngokushesha ama-cuttings).
• Ebusika, lezi zihlukahlukene kufanele zihlanganiswe. Ukuze uthole izihlahla ezinkulu ungakha ama-film corridors.
• Ukuze kuvikelwe, amagilebhisi aphefwa njalo ngonyaka, mhlawumbe ngaphambi kwesihlahla sezimbali.