Isihlahla esihle esimhlophe esimhlophe, esigcwele umqhele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sibukeka sihambisana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhula kuphi: eduze kwendlu, endaweni engasese, ngasese emaphethelweni. Kodwa ekuchazeni kwalesi sihlahla into eyinhloko yilo ukuthi i-birch uhlobo lwezithuba ezivulekile zaseRussia. Ngenye yezinto zokuqala emva kokuba ubusika obunzima buhlanganiswe namaqabunga e-emerald, ngakho-ke, ngokuphindaphindiwe, lesi sihlahla saqala ukukhunjulwa, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlobisa insimu noma ukutshala umgwaqo, indawo yamahhala eduze nesakhiwo.
Izici ze-Botanical
Lo muthi ungowomndeni wakwaBirch womndeni wakwaBirch. Uhlelo lwempande lugcwele kakhulu, ludinga izakhi eziwanele kanye nomswakama. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abasheshayo ukutshala umuthi onjalo ezweni labo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi bazongeza inkathazo ngokudla okungeziwe kanye nokuchelela okuhlelekile uma kunomswakama omncane emhlabathini. 
Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zinde kakhulu. Ngaphezu komhlobiso walo, lesi sitshalo siwusizo kakhulu, cishe zonke izingxenye zawo zinezindawo zokuphulukisa: amaqabunga, amaqabunga, amacici, amagxolo, ongathola khona u-birch tar ngezinto ezikhethekile zokuphulukisa. I-birch yangempela yangempela iyasiza empilweni yethu. Amakhanda avela ku-birch - ama-classics wangempela. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokusatshalaliswa kwalesi sihle yindawo ephakathi kweRussia.
Uyazi? Kukhona izinhlobo eziyikhulu namashumi amabili ze-birch. Cishe bonke bajwayele isimo sethu sezulu. Izinhlobo ezide zalezi zihlahla zihlala isikhathi eside kunamazinyane nezihlahla.
I-genus Birch ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane: i-Albae (ene-snow-white bark, ukuphakama akudluli amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu); I-Nanae (izinhlobo ezincane); Costata (izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinemibala enemibala eminingi); I-acuminatae (izihlahla ezide nezinamaqabunga amakhulu).
Isicelo ku-landscape design
Ngenxa yomqhele, intwasahlobo eluhlaza kanye nehlobo futhi ekwindla ephuzi elikhanyayo, i-birch ibukeka ithandeka esihlahleni esimhlophe seqhwa ngokuqhathanisa izindawo ezimnyama. Ngakho-ke, kuya ngokuya kusetshenziselwa ukuklanywa kwe-landscape design. Ngalesi sizathu, bavame ukutshala izihlahla ezincane ezikhulayo: izinhlobo ze-shrub noma ezincane. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlobisa zinegqoke elimhlophe, elibomvu, le-cherry, eliphuzi nelomnyama. Lezi zihlahla zibukeka zikhulu. Ngentwasahlobo, lezi zinhle zibonakala zikhangisa "amacici" namaqabunga amancane anamaqabunga aphethe ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehlobo zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngamahlamvu emerald amnyama, futhi ekwindla izigqoko zegolide zibeka amagxolo e-snow-white noma amabala amaningi. Ukuhlola kanye nezinhlobo zezihlahla ngokusika amagatsha, kodwa abalimi kudingeka bazi ukuthi bangayinqamula kanjani i-birch. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muthi uheha njalo izinyoni, futhi kulabo abathanda ukucula kwabo ekuseni, akukho ndlela engcono yokuhlobisa isakhiwo sakho noma ukufika emgwaqweni eduze kwendlu.
Uyazi? Izinyoni zihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, kodwa abanye baphila iminyaka engamakhulu amane.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Izindiza zitshala kalula ngosizo "lwamacici" awo, ngakho izithombo zingagcinwa ehlathini. Kodwa-ke kuyoba yi-birch evamile. Ungathenga uhlobo oluthile, kuye ngemibono nemibono yokuklama. Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuhlobisa zihlukile embala ongavamile wamagxolo namahlamvu. Ngakho kudingeka bathenge kuphela ngenhloso yokubhaliswa kwesayithi. 
Izinhlobo ezide zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ziphikisana kakhulu nokuphefumula umoya futhi zijwayele ukuzimela. Kodwa uma kunesidingo sokomisa indawo ethile esakhiweni somuntu siqu, khona-ke ukukhetha ukutshala umuthi onjalo kulungile. Imbewu yokutshala kufanele ibe imithi encane, izivuthi ezivuthiwe lapho zifakelwa kabusha, izimpande zonakaliswe kakhulu ezimweni eziningi. Isici esiyinhloko esiza ukuxazulula ngempumelelo isiteji endaweni entsha ukuthi kufanele ithengiswe ngempande etholakala ku-coma enkulu yomhlaba.
Ngokuba ukuklama kwe-landscape, iberis, kupena, silverweed, lychnis, intsha, i-fescue, i-alissum kuyoba yindlela enhle kakhulu.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo
Birch akuyona ingenangqondo ikakhulukazi, ingakhula cishe noma yiziphi izimo. Kodwa udinga ukukhanya okwanele nomswakama, akasithandi nenhlabathi "egxile".
Kubalulekile! I-birch inezinyathelo ezinganele ngokomoya oqinile.
Zonke lezi zici kufanele zicutshangelwe lapho zikhetha indawo yokutshala laba abameleli bezitshalo. Indawo kufanele ivuliwe, ngezinga elihle lomswakama, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa kwamanzi asentwasahlobo okuyingozi ekuthuthukiseni lezi zitshalo, futhi kube kude kakhulu kusuka ezakhiweni nasezicingo uma kwenzeka izinto zemvelo, futhi ukuze kungabikho ukuphazamiseka komakhelwane. 
Inketho engcono kakhulu izobe itshale emhlabathini, ukwakheka okufana kakhulu nomunye umuthi owawukhula kuwo. Futhi ingakhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi - kokubili e-loam ne-peaty land. Ezinye izinhlobo zisezingeni elanele kakhulu. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi kungabuye kuguquke: ukungathathi hlangothi, i-asidi ephezulu, ngisho ne-alkali.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Ngaphambi kokutshala, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma isikhathi sokutshala i-birch. Ukusalela kwentwasahlobo kufanelekile ukutshala, ngalesi simo izimpande zenzalo kufanele zibe se-coma enkulu yomhlaba, futhi akukho mcimbi okufanele ube khona eminyakeni engaphezu kwemithathu. Kuvunyelwe futhi ukutshala i-birch eneminyaka engu-7 ebusika kanye ne-clod eneqhwa yomhlaba. Imbewu, ngendlela, ingahlwanyelwa kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ngokusho balimi abanolwazi, isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-birch sisekwindla.
Uyazi? Ngokuphumelelayo mayelana nezinzuzo ze-birch uthi imfihlakalo endala: "Kukhona isihlahla, umbala uhlaza. Kunezinzuzo ezine kulo muthi." Inzuzo yokuqala impilo ebuthakathaka, okwesibini ukukhanya okuvela ebumnyameni.
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo somhlabathi, kanti nakuba i-birch ayifuni kakhulu, ngeke kulimale ukulungiselela umquba. Kungase kube okuhlukile, kepha umhlaba oqhekekileyo uyindlela engcono kakhulu. Kumele futhi ubeke isitoreji ngamanzi anele.
Isinyathelo-nge-Isinyathelo Imithetho Yokutshala Izithombo
Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo sendlela yokutshala kahle i-birch kulesi sakhiwo. Uhlelo lokutshala kwalo alufani nakancane nomyalelo wokutshala izihlahla zezithelo. Okokuqala, simba imbobo yobukhulu obunjalo ukuze ibambe zonke izimpande. Sibeka isihlahla kuwo, sisazi izimpande. Okulandelayo sigcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba ngaphezu kwekhasi lempande, ungakhohlwa ukwengeza umanyolo. Ngemuva kokuphuza umhlaba ongcwatshiwe ozungeza isiqu. Ungayigaya nge humus, peat, umhlaba owomile ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama. Ekuqaleni, imithi esanda kuhlwanyelwa kufanele isetshenziswe njalo ukuze isinde kangcono. Uma izihlahla eziningana zitshalwe, ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kufanele libe okungenani amamitha amane.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kangakanani
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalezi zihlahla ukukhula kwazo okusheshayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu emva kokutshala ungabona ubuhle obuhle obuncane.
Kubalulekile! Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ekutshalweni kwe-birch ukukhiqizwa kwayo okusheshayo. Ekwindla, endaweni yokulima, amahlumela abasha, ahlwanyelwe emva kokuqhakaza kwe-birch kubonakala. Uma ungawususi, khona-ke ngemuva kwesikhathi isiqephu sezwe singaba yi-grove.
Amathiphu Okunakekela
Izitshalo ezikhethekile zokunakekela azidingi. Kodwa namanje, izici ezithile ezenza bazizwe beba ngcono.
Ukunisela
Izihlahla ezincane ikakhulukazi zidinga ukuchelela njalo njalo. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho bekhula futhi beqinisa, kungenziwa kancane nangaphansi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imithi ye-birch ayidingi ukuphuza. Emva kokutshala izithombo ezincane zingamagatsha e-pritenyat, izitshalo, ukumboza impahla, okukhishwa kusihlwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondla i-birch, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, ngeke neze ibe yinto engafaneleki. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala, izihlahla ezincane zidinga umquba owengeziwe. Njengokugqoka okuphezulu, ungasebenzisa ingxube ye-mullein kuze kube yi-kilogram eyodwa, eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu amagremu we-urea, nama-gramu ayi-15 e-ammonium nitrate. Ezinye izinhlobo zomanyolo zifanele umanyolo.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Lezi zitshalo azibona noma iziphi izihlahla. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokunembile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwe-birch. Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi bayakwazi ukusika lesi sihlahla ngokuphakama futhi ngaleyo ndlela bafake ukubukeka kwangempela. Ngezinye izikhathi izihlahla zidingeka ukuze kube nokuphepha. Kodwa kufanele sicabange ukuthi kungenoma yikuphi okwakudingeka ukuba i-birch ikhishwe ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap. Lapho amaqabunga ekhula entwasahlobo, ungaqala ukusika amagatsha omile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukunciphisa umqhele kancane, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwengxenye yesamba. Ukwehla okumele kube khona kufanele kuhlanganiswe ne-pitch pitch, noma usebenzise le njongo ukudweba kwi-varnish yemvelo. Amagatsha asomile angasuswa ekwindla. Ngokuvamile abalimi banesithakazelo ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusika i-birch ehlobo. Ukunciphisa ehlobo akunconywa.
Ubusika obunzima
Birch kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwayo kuyinto umuthi ubusika-nzima. Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke kakhulu ekubambeni kwebusika okuphumelelayo, ungakwazi ukuthwala ukwehla kwekhola lempande. Ebusika, izinhlamvu ezigaya amagxolo ziyingozi kuye.
Uyazi? Izithelo ze-Birch zenziwa ngesimo samantongomane amancane, futhi imbewu ilula kangangokuthi kunezinhlamvu eziyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu ngegramu.
Izifo nezinambuzane: ukuvimbela nokwelapha
I-Birch inezinambuzane zayo ezinjengezinambuzane nezifo. Kulo mithi kungase kubonakale umuthi wokufisa, okwenza umonakalo ukhuni, ngakho kufanele ususwe. Kwangathi izibungu nezidumbu zazo zidle izimpande, ngakho-ke umhlabathi kufanele ugubwe (hhayi ojulile), futhi izibungu zisusiwe. Lapho ama-tubetube beetle abonakala, amaqabunga awonakele kufanele asuswe futhi ashiswe, futhi zonke izinkuni ziphathwe ngamakhemikhali. I-Birch, njenganoma imuphi omunye umuthi, idinga ukunakwa, futhi izinkinga kufanele ziqedwe uma izinkinga zivela.
Siyaqhubeka sisetshenziselwa izitshalo ze-ornamental ezivelele kumasayithi ethu. Kodwa kunezihlahla eziningi ezithinta izihlahla ezingakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yokuhlobisa futhi zikwazi ukuletha izinzuzo eziningi. Birch kuyinto nje umuthi enhle, isiguli futhi kunesizotha.
