Ikhukhamba "Cupid f1": izici, ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ngokuvamile, abalimi nabalimi babhekene nenkinga yokuthi yikuphi uhlobo lwekhukhamba lokukhetha ukutshala. Abantu abaningi baqondiswa ukukhetha iseluleko sabangane noma bamane nje bathanda imifino abayithandayo ekubukeni.

Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, kufanele kubhekiswe ukunakekelwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene endaweni yendawo yezulu lapho kuhlelwe khona ukuthi itshalwe.

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici nobuchwepheshe bekhukhamba ekhulayo "Amur F1", efanelekile ukutshala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwayo, sekuye kwaziwa phakathi kwabanikazi beziqephu ze-dacha ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwayo kokuqala, isivuno esikhulu nokuphikisana nezifo.

Umlando wokuzala

Le nhlanganisela yesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-ultra yokuqala yikhiqiza yezandla zama-Dutch breeders esebenza epulazini yezolimo Bejo Zaden. Njengoba kungase kuqondwe kusukela ezincwadini zeF1 egameni, kungumhlahlandlela wesizukulwane sokuqala. Kusukela kubazali babo ikhukhamba "u-Amur F1" wathatha zonke izici ezinhle kakhulu futhi wawadlula ngokuvumelana nokuvunwa nezifo. ERussia, i-hybrid ibhaliswe ngo-2000.

Uyazi? Umnikazi wokurekhoda ngobukhulu, obhalwe ohlwini lweGuinness Book of Records, cishe u-92-centimeter ikhukhamba okhulunywe ngumhlali wase-England Alfo Cobb.

Izici nezimpawu ezihlukile

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iyiphi ikhukhamba "Cupid F1", cabanga incazelo yayo kanye nezici zobunjiniyela bezolimo.

Izihlahla

Izihlahla zale hybrid zinamandla, zide, kodwa zibuthakathaka. Amagatsha anamandla, ungaphuli ngisho nangaphansi kwezithelo ezinzima. Amaqabunga aphakathi, ahlaza, anemiphetho ebushelelezi, i-pubescent. Kufika kuma-ovarie angu-8 kufomu kwesodi eyodwa.

Izinhlobo ze-ukhukhuni ze-ukhukhamba nazo zihlanganisa: "Ecole F1", "German F1", "Hector F1", "Colonel Real", "Zozulya F1", "Masha f1", "Crispina F1".

"I-Cupid F1" inezimbali ze-parthenocarpic, ilawulwa yizimbali zesifazane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nalezi zihlukahlukene udinga ukutshala i-pollinator. Uma kungenjalo, i-hybrid izonikeza izimbali eziningi, kodwa ambalwa ukhukhamba.

Izithelo

Njengoba sesibonile kakade, ukuhlukahluka kungokwokuvuthwa kokuqala - isikhathi esivela ekubukeni kwezinhlumela zokuqala esigabeni se-fruiting izinsuku ezingu-37-40.

Izithelo zinama-13 kuya ku-15 cm nobude buka-90 kuya ku-30 ​​g. Ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemivimbo emhlophe ebonakalayo emhlophe kanye ne-spikes emhlophe. Isikhumba sabo sincane.

Inyama yesithelo ihlanzekile, iyinyama, iphunga. Babenambitheka kakhulu, akukho ukufutheka. Ngisho nangokwengeziwe, abalahlekelwa ukunambitheka nombala wabo. Izithelo zokuvuthwa zingenzeka ngezicucu eziningana ngesikhathi. I-Hybrid ingezinhlobo zeladidi. Kodwa-ke, ingasetshenziselwa ukukhethwa, ukucola. Kuyafaneleka ukugcina isikhathi eside.

Kubalulekile! Igama elithi "F1" ngesihloko kusho ukuthi ifomu le-hybrid, landa okuyinto ekhaya ngeke isebenze.

Ukuthela

Ezihlukahlukene zibhekwa isivuno esikhulu - kufika ku-25 kg ngesikwele ngasinye. m, ezindaweni eziseningizimu - kufika ku-28 kg.

I-hybrid ifanele ukulima ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka evulekile (i-pollinated yizinyosi), nge-agrofibre, kumafilimu noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate. Okuthandayo kufanele kunikwe ukukhula kwamafilimu noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngoba uma izinyosi zivotelwa, izithelo zemiqondo engavamile, zengqimba zingakha. "I-Cupid F1" ingahlwanyelwa isithombo kanye nezindlela ezingenambewu.

Izinzuzo nezinkinga ze-hybrid

Njengokuthi kunoma yikuphi okuhlukahlukene, ukulima "Amur F1" kunezinzuzo zombili nezimo eziyingozi.

Izinzuzo

Phakathi kwezinzuzo, siyaqaphela:

• ukubukeka komkhiqizo omuhle;
• ukunambitheka okuhle, akukho ukufutheka;
• ukumelana nezifo ezifana ne-cladosporia, i-mosaic, i-root root, i-powdery isikhutha;
• izithelo ezinhle zokuthutha;
• ukuvuthwa okude;
• ukuzithiba komuthi we-branching;
• ukwakheka kwenani elikhulu lama-ovari - kuze kufike ku-8 ku-node ngayinye;
• ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
• ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa;
• ukusetshenziswa jikelele;
• ukungahlaziyi umanyolo.

I-Cons

Izinkinga ze hybrid zihlanganisa:

• ukufuna ukulima kwenhlabathi;
• isidingo sokunisela njalo.

Uyazi? Igama lekhukhamba livela egameni lesiGreki, okusho ukuthi "ukuvuka".

Okuyingqayizivele yokukhula ngendlela yokutshala

Indlela yokutshala ikuvumela ukuba uzuze ukuhluma okukhulu kwezinhlumela, ngoba kungenzeka ukutshala izitshalo eziqinile kuphela endaweni enomphela. Ikhiqizwa kusukela ngesonto eledlule lika-Ephreli futhi iphelile phakathi kukaMeyi.

Ngoba izithombo zidinga ukulungisa izimbiza noma ezinye iziqukathi zika 400 ml, ukuphakama okungaphansi kwezingu-12 cm. Bafaka i-substrate ye-peat kanye ne-humus, ehlanganiswe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. Kuzodingeka bahlanganise i-sawdust. Inombolo yabo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezimbili kune-peat noma i-humus. Ungathenga futhi enkampanini ekhethekile yesigodi esitolo esenzelwe izitshalo zemifino.

Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu akudingeki ukuba unqamule. Nokho, ukuze kutholakale ukuhluma okungcono, kuyadingeka ukuhluma izinto zokutshala. Lokhu kungenziwa kanje: faka imbewu ngamahora angu-36 kwesinye sezixazululo ezihlongozwayo - i-boric acid (20 ml / 1 l amanzi) noma isisombululo esinamafutha esiphundu (7 ml / 1 l), i-zinc sulfate (2 g / 1 l ), i-baking soda (5 g / 1 l), i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (300 ml / 1 l). Ngemuva kwalendlela, imbewu ihlelwe emgqeni owodwa kumathisimanzi amanzi, enesihlabathi noma emasotini ezinhlangothi zombili. Ukuze kusize izitshalo ezizayo zibheke ukushisa okuphansi, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lapho imbewu lihluma khona kuzodingeka linciphise kancane kancane ku-+2 ° C. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukutshala impahla kugcinwa kuze kufike imbewu yokuhluma.

Uma ungafisi ukukhohlisa ikhanda lakho ngokuhluma, khona-ke inqubo enzima izobe isadingeka kwenziwe. Imbewu kufanele ibanjwe izinsuku ezingu-3 ekushiseni kwe-+5 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho bangatshala ezimbizeni. Imbewu ifinyelela enhlabathini ngo-1.5-2 cm. Imbewu 2-3 ifakwa ebhodweni elilodwa. Iziqukathi ezinezithombo zifakwa egumbini elinokushisa kwomoya okungama-27-28 ° C. Ungakwazi ukumboza izimbiza ngefilimu. Ngemva kokuba amahlumela okuqala avele, izinga lokushisa lizodinga ukunciphisa libe ngu-20-23 ° C.

Izithombo kuzodingeka ziphuze njalo njengoba umhlabathi usomile. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu okwenziwe ngesibhamu se-spray. Esigabeni samaqabunga angu-3-4 weqiniso (cishe izinsuku ezingu-25-30 emva kokutshala), kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhethe amahlumela anamandla futhi uwahlatse endaweni enomphela engadini noma ku-greenhouse. Uma behlwanyela, banamathele ekukhusheni phakathi kwamahlathi ka-35 cm naphakathi kwemigqa - 50 cm. Kunconywa ukujula ukutshala kungenxa yamacembe e-cotyledon.

Ngamanzi ngamunye izitshalo ezitshalwe kabusha ziphuziswa kakhulu, besebenzisa cishe ilitha lamanzi ngesitshalo ngasinye.

Kubalulekile! Izithombo zitshalwe endaweni enomphela emhlabathini zifudumele kuze kube ngu-+15-17 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ayithathi izimpande. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni yokushisa emva komhlaka-25 Meyi.

Amakhukhamba akhula ngendlela yokwelapha

Uma utshala ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, kungcono ukuthi ukhukhamba uthathe indawo ekhanyisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ingahlala emthunzini omnyama, isibonelo, ngaphansi kwemikhosi emincane yezihlahla. Ngokuqondene nabandulele, Kungcono ukutshala ukhukhamba emva kwamazambane, i-pepper, utamatisi, ummbila, anyanisi, ne-peas. Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala i- "Amur F1" endaweni lapho amasiko amathanga ayekhulile khona ngaphambili. Lokhu kugcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokutheleleka ngezinambuzane ezivamile.

Inhlabathi esakhiweni sokutshala kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, ilula, i-hydrated kahle, ingathathi hlangothi ku-acidity.

Kubalulekile ukutshala umhlaba ohleliwe ukutshala ukutshala ukhukhamba. Ngakho, ekwindla, emva kokuqoqa zonke izinsalela zezitshalo, ngokumba ngaphakathi kwesikwele esingu-1. m ukwenza umquba (10 kg), usawoti we-potassium (25 g), superphosphate (40 g). Ekudleni kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa nge-ammonium nitrate (15-20 g). Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, umuthi wokhuni ufakwa emithonjeni. Kumele uchithe inhlabathi ngenhloso yokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane ezilimazayo ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi - isipuni esingu-1 ku-1 ibhakede lamanzi. Ukusetshenziselwa uketshezi olusebenzayo - 2 amalitha ngesikwele ngasinye. m

Imbewu etshalwe enhlabathini isivele ishisa kuze kufike ku- +12 ° С. Ngokuvamile, leli lokushisa lihlelwe eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMeyi emgwaqeni ophakathi naphakathi kukaMeyi kwezinye izindawo.

Izitshalo ezinzima futhi ezihlwanyelwe kufanele zifakwe emigodini eyenziwe ngaphambilini kuya kokuya kwe-2-4 cm, izingcezu 2-3 ngamunye. Imithombo ilala futhi ithulule. Ukutshala kufanele kuhlanganiswe nefilimu ukugwema imiphumela emibi yamazinga okushisa aphansi, ukugcina umswakama omuhle nokuthola amahlumela anobungane.

Ifilimu kuzodingeka isuswe ngemuva kokuvela kwesizalo esikhulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kudingeke ukuba ucwecwe, okhiqizwa ngokugcoba.

Izici zokunakekelwa

Njengoba wazi, ukhukhamba yizihlahla ezithandekayo ekunakekeleni kwazo. Ukuze uzuze isivuno esihle, uzozikhukhumeza. Uhlu lwezinqubo zokunakekelwa okudingekayo luhlanganisa:

• ukuchelela;
• i-weeding;
• inhlabathi ivusa;
• ukugqoka okuphezulu;
• ukupompela ukuvimbela izilokazane nezifo.

I-plus enkulu ye-hybrid echazwe ukuthi yi-branch weakness, ngakho-ke isidingo sokwakhiwa kwesihlahla siyanyamalala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzise i-trellis ukuba ikhule, izingadi ngalinye lizikhethela.

Ukunisela, ukusiphawula nokukhipha inhlabathi

Kubanikazi bamabhedi ekhukhamba udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukuchelela ukhukhamba kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi afudumele kuphela. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kwi-hybrid "Cupid F1". Amanzi kufanele athiswe ngo-17-20 ° C. Ukunisela kuyadingeka nge-can beer nge-spray, mhlawumbe kusihlwa, ukuze amaconsi amanzi awela emaqabungeni angabhubhisi okwenzekayo ukushisa. Amazinga amanzi anconyelwe amakhukhamba:

• esiteji ngaphambi kokuqhakaza - ama-5-10 amalitha ngehora elilodwa. m;
• esiteji sefruiting - 15-20 amalitha per square 1. m

Ngaphambi kokuchichima, kuzodingeka uchithe imifino njalo emva kwezinsuku ezine, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza - zonke izinsuku ezintathu, nasesigaba se-fruiting - nsuku zonke.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ihlale imanzi. Uma lesi siphutha singakwazi ukufezwa, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izikhathi phakathi kokunisela futhi ukwandise umthamo wetshezi. Ukuphuza okwanele kuthinta ukunambitheka kwamakhukhamba, kungase kubonakale kuvelele ukukhanya.

Kanye nokumisa, ukhukhamba kuzodinga inhlabathi evumise njalo nokukhishwa kokhula.

Ukuxhuma

Ukuqaliswa kwe-mulching kwenza kube lula kumlimi wensimu ukuba anakekele ukhukhamba. Kuyenzeka ukuvikela uhlelo lwempande uma kunciphisa izinga lokushisa, ukuqeda ukubukeka kokhula, ukwandisa isivuno, ukulondoloza umswakama. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-mulch ayidingi ukuyikhulula. Futhi ukhukhamba ezivuthiwe ngeke zilale emhlabathini odaka, kodwa ekubhekeni okuhlanzekile. I-mulch engcono kakhulu yamakhukhamba iyoba utshani owomile kanye ne-sawdust. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-peat, impahla ekhethekile yokwenziwa, i-polyethylene. Umuncwaba wemvelo ubeka emva kokuvela kwamahlumela futhi uvuselele njalo. Umunwe wamanzi uyasakazeka emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo

Naphezu kokuphikisana nezifo eziningi, ukhukhamba "Cupid F1" ingaba ne-fusarium wilt, i-powdery isikhutha, i-gray, i-white and root rot.

Ukuze uvikele ingadi kusuka kwesikhutha se-powdery, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo azifaki kancane, futhi uma kwenzeka ukwehla noma ukushisa kwehla, sebenzisa i-agrofibre ukumboza. Uma usulelekile, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe nge-Fitosporin, isisombululo se-20% se-sulfur colloidal. Izinkinga zokuvimbela umhlaba (ngisho nangaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba) nge-Fitosporin kufanele ivikele ngokumelene ne-fusarium wilt.

Ukuguqula kungagwenywa ngokukhetha ukushisa kwamanzi okunisela ukuchelela, ukugwema ukutshala okumnyama, ukusabalalisa ukhula, ukuqeda ukunyuka kwamanzi, ukuvimbela ukungcola kwemifino. Ungakwazi ukulwa ne-gray gray nge "Fitosporin", enezimhlophe nge "Topaz", enezimpande nge-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (10 g / 1 l amanzi).

Ukuphalaza okuvimbela izifo ezivamile kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo "Kurzat", "Alirin-B", "Tanos", ne-Tiovit Jet granules. Kulezi zinambuzane zamakhukhamba i-whitefly eyingozi, ihlumela izimpukane, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-thrips kagwayi, ama-nematodes enkongo, i-springtail. Ukuze ulwe nabo, kufanele usebenzise izinambuzane ezifanelekayo:

• kusukela ehlumela izinhlanzi - "Iskra",
• kusukela ku-whitefly - "Aktar", "i-Confidor", "i-Aktarin";
• kusuka ku-spider mite - "Fitoverm";
• kusuka kuma-aphid - "Arrivo", "Intavir", "Decis";
• kusuka ku-thrips- "Aktar", "Fufanon", "i-Golden spark";
• kusuka kuma-nematodes - "Marshall";
• kusukela ku-springtails - "Aktellik", "Aktar", "Intavir".

Kubalulekile! Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokuvikelwa komzimba nobuso, kanye nokulandela amanani anikezwe emiyalweni yamalungiselelo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngenkathi, ukhukhamba kuzodinga 3 izimpande zokugqoka:

1. 3 amasonto emva kokufika - hlaziya u-5 g we-ammonium sulfate, i-15 g ye-ammonium nitrate, i-1 g ye-magnesium sulphate, i-15 g ye-potassium sulphate, i-30 g ye-superphosphate ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi.
2. Esikhathini sokuqhakaza - faka i-10 g ye-ammonium nitrate, i-10 g ye-superphosphate, i-30 g ye-potassium sulfate, u-10 g we-ammonium sulfate, u-2 g we-magnesium sulfate ngo-10 l wamanzi.
3. Phakathi nesikhathi se-fruiting - ukwakheka kokugqoka okuphezulu kufana nokuhamba kwezimbali, noma izipuni ezingu-4 ze-urea kanye ne-1 inkomishi yomlotha okhuni zihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi (ukusetshenziswa - amalitha amathathu ngehora elilodwa.

Ungenza ukudla oku-1 g u-5 g we-urea kuhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, 10 g we-nitroammophoshka noma inani elifanayo lamanzi - 10 g we-urea, 6 g we-magnesium sulphate, 6 g we-superphosphate.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinto ukhukhamba zakho ezingekho, kufanele uqaphele ukubonakala kwazo. Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga aphansi emhlathini aphuzi, futhi ukhukhamba zikhula ngendlela engavamile futhi zikhanyekile, ngakho-ke lokhu kungabonakaliswa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asikho i-nitrogen. Inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokufaka umanyolo emifino ngezipuni ezimbili ze-urea zihlanjululwe ku-1 ibhakede lamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa - 0.5 amalitha ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.

Lapho amaqabunga amancane ephilile futhi kungekho ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela asobala, kubalulekile ukwengeza i-phosphorus ezitshalweni - izipuni ezintathu ze-superphosphate zihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukusetshenziswa - 0.5 amalitha empande ngayinye. Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ezimibalabala kanye nomngcele ophuzi emaqabungeni kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium. Ingagcwaliswa nge-1 indebe yomlotha ehlanjululwe ku-1 ibhakede lamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa - 3 amalitha ngehora elilodwa. m

Ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga, ukubola kwezithelo kanye nokuchitha izimbali kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuntuleka kwe-calcium. Ukutshala izihlahla eziyi-3 wezipuni ze-calcium nitrate, ehlanjululwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, ukulahlekelwa kwayo kungagcwaliswa. Ukusetshenziswa - 0.5 amalitha ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.

Garter on the trellis

Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukukhulisa ukhukhamba e-trellis. Ngalokhu udinga ukubopha ukuqhuma kumasekeli ngenkathi ekhulayo. Asikho isidingo sokwenza ukuphina.

I-garter ikuvumela ukuba ulondoloze isikhala engadini noma ku-greenhouse, ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile, yenza kube lula ukuqoqwa kwezithelo. Bamba isifubhe lapho befinyelela ubude buka-30 cm futhi kakade banezinhlamvu ezingu-4-5 ezigcwele. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufeza le nqubo:

• I-vertical - setha ukusekelwa ngendlela ye-"P", ehlanganiswe ne-crossbar yezintambo ezingaphezulu, ezihlanganiswe nesibhamu.
• I-Horizongtal - izigxobo zensimbi zifakwe ezinhlangothini eziphambene zombhede, phakathi kwemikhawulo lapho imigqa eminingana yamathanga aqinile noma amaqabunga amathende atholakala khona, lapho amahlumela avunyelwa khona.

Ukuvuna

Njengoba ukhukhamba lalezi zinhlobonhlobo kungenakwenzeka ukugcwala, isivuno singavuna izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Kungcono ukwenza ukuvuna izithelo ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukungafani kwalezi zihlukahlukene ukuthi inani elikhulu lemifino livuthwe ngenyanga yokuqala ye-fruiting. Gwema izithelo lapho befika ngobukhulu buka-12-14 cm. Ukuqoqa ngokucophelela ukhukhamba kuyadingeka ngokudubula, ushiye isiqu phezu kwezibhamu. Ungagcina isithelo esiqandisini noma emasimini amasonto amabili.

Uyazi? Kwezinye izizwe ukhukhamba zibhekwa njenge-dessert. Kanye nezithelo, amajikijolo namanye amaswidi, ahanjiswa etafuleni elimnandi.

Njalo ngonyaka, abalimi abaningi banakeka i-cube i-Cupid "Amur F1". Futhi kukhona incazelo yalokhu, ngoba inezimpawu eziningi ezinhle, ezifana nokuqhwa kwamaqhwa, ukuvunwa okuphezulu, izici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka kwezithelo, isethulo esihle kakhulu, isitoreji eside kanye nekhono lokuletha isivuno esihle emgwaqeni ophakathi.