Amakhukhamba akhula endaweni yokushisa

Kungani amaqabunga amakhukhamba aphuzi futhi singasondla kanjani izitshalo ukuze siqede imbangela

Lapho ikhukhamba ishiya, nje izolo i-luxury futhi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuzumayo yaqala ukujika, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukusindisa lesi sitshalo. Lesi yisifo sesifo esibi kakhulu, ngakho-ke asikwazi ukunakwa. Cabangela ukuthi yini eyabangela izinguquko ezingathandeki embala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka samakhukhamba nendlela yokubhekana nayo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zamaqabunga aphuzi

Kunezizathu eziningana zokwephuza amaqabunga e-cucumber, okungaqondaniswa ngokucabangela indawo lapho izitshalo zikhulile khona (indawo evulekile, ukushisa okushisa, ukushisa okushisa), ukuma kanye nendawo yezindawo ze-necrosis epulazini leqabunga. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukungahambisani nokulima ukulima noma amaphutha ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo. Ngesinye isikhathi i-yellowness emaqabunga amaqabunga abonisa ukuntula okunamandla komsoco noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Ukuphuza okungalungile

Ukhukhamba uyamthanda kakhulu amanzi, ukungabi nomswakama kubangela ukungcola kwezitshalo kanye nesignali sokuqala mayelana nokomiswa kwendawo yempande kungase kube ukuphuziza kwamaqabunga.

Ngokuba ukhukhamba, inqubo efanele yokunisela nayo ibalulekile.
Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo (ngokufanele ebusuku) futhi kube nokuningi okwanele.

Kulula ukuhlola uma ukhukhamba wakho unomswakama okwanele: uma umhlabathi wombhede umanzi ekujuleni kuka-15 cm, konke kuhambisane futhi kunomswakama okwanele.

Kubalulekile! Amanzi amaningi kakhulu ikhukhamba ayisoloko enhle, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibanda. Ukufakwa kwamanzi kulokhu kungabangela ukubola kwezimpande nezithelo zomkhiqizo. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela ngaphansi kwezingu-10°C, ukuchelela imibhede kufanele kumiswe okwesikhashana.

Amaphutha omanyolo

Ukukhula okusheshayo kwezingxenye ezingenhla ezingaphansi komhlaba kungasusa izitshalo futhi kubangele ukuphelelwa komsoco. Lokhu kunqongophala kubangela ukuphuza amaqabunga. Inqubo yokukhukhamba ekhulayo kudingeka idliwe izikhathi eziningana ngamanyolo, aqukethe inani elanele le-nitrogen nezinye izinto eziwusizo.

Zijwayeze nge-nuances yekhukhamba ezikhulayo ensimini, ukushisa okushisa, amabhakede, umgqomo, izikhwama, efasiteleni, ibhaluni, usebenzisa i-hydroponics.

Amazinga okushisa aphansi

Ukhukhamba yizitshalo ezishisayo futhi zidinga isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi esishisayo. Ukulimala kwabo okuphumelelayo udinga ukuhambisana ngokugcwele nokushisa okukhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ikhukhamba ama-ovaries athola inqwaba kuphela ebusuku, futhi uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela ngaphansi kwe-10 ° C, ukukhula kwezithelo kuyayeka futhi amaqabunga aphuzi. Lokhu ukusabela okujwayelekile kwesitshalo sezitshalo ezishisayo kumazinga okushisa aphansi.

Ukushisa

Ukushisa kwe-thermal kwenzeka ngemuva kokuphuza ukhukhamba esimweni esishisa futhi kubonakala sengathi izindawo ezibomvu noma eziphuzi. Amaconsi amanzi asele emaqabunga, lapho evezwe emisebeni yelanga, enza njenge-lens air, ebangela ukushisa. Yingakho kunconywa ukuthi uchithe amakhukhamba kusihlwa (emva kwamahora angu-16) njalo njalo empande.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Ezitshalweni ezigulayo ngokuvamile zimile noma amahlamvu aphuzi ziyabonakala - imbangela yalokhu yizifo ze-fungal kanye nezifo ezibangelwa igciwane. Isifo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwezitshalo zezitshalo, lapho ukhukhamba ungowakho, ukuhlukunyezwa yiFusarium.

Thola ukuthi yiyiphi i-Fusarium eyingozi nendlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo samakhukhamba.

Umonakalo womsuka

Izimpande zingonakaliswa izinambuzane ezinambuzane, noma izinto ezivunguvunguzayo ze-moles, amagundane noma ama-shrews. Futhi, ukutshala izimpande kungonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokulawula ukhula (weeding, ukukhululeka). Ukuphazanyiswa kokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesimiso kungabangela ukubukeka kwamagqabi aphuzi.

Uyazi? Umlawuli omkhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umbusi waseFrance uNapoleon Bonaparte wayethanda futhi wazisa ukhukhamba. Ngesikhathi eside ehamba ngezinyawo, wazizwa engenalo lemifino, ngakho-ke wathenjiswa umvuzo omkhulu (olingana nama-dollar angama-250,000 wamanje) kumuntu ozohlinzeka ngendlela ephumelelayo yokugcina ukhukhamba fresh ebusika. Umlando uthule uma umuntu ethola lo mklomelo.

Okufanele ukwenze nokuthi ungondla kanjani: funda kabanzi

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulondoloza i-cucumber lash, ufanele uqonde ngokucophelela izizathu.

I-Yellowing ne-twisting

Amaqabunga amacucumber aphuziwe futhi aphuzi kuyisignali esesabekayo esibonisa izinkinga ezikhulayo:

  • Ukuntuleka kwezakhi. Uma, lapho bebukeka behlola imibhede, kwaqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo kanye nemiphetho yawo yaqala ukugoqa - mhlawumbe izitshalo azikho umquba we-nitrogen. Uma kungabonakala ukuthi leli phepha likhule ngobude, kodwa alizange likhule nakakhulu ngobubanzi, izitshalo zidinga ukondla okunzima.
  • Isishayo samakhukhamba yi-powdery isikhutha. Ngokuvamile izitshalo nezikhumba zivulwa kule sifo ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Isitshalo sekhukhamba esinezifo sinamaqabunga amaqabunga aphuzi futhi aphikisiwe. Ukuvimbela lokhu, noma ukuphulukisa ukulimala kakade okunesifo, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux uketshezi (amaphesenti owodwa) noma amanye amalungiselelo amakhemikhali. Uma ukuhlwanyela kusendaweni yokushisa noma ukushisa okushisa, kudingekile ukuphuza umoya kanye nemidwebo.
  • Funda indlela yokubhekana ne-powdery isikhutha ngamakhukhamba.

  • Izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Uma amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo, aphendulele aphuzi futhi aphule ngaphakathi kwipayipi, kungenzeka ukuthi izinambuzane eziyingozi zizinzile emakhukhamba. Vula ikhasi leqabunga bese ulihlola. Mhlawumbe, izobe ifakwe ama-aphid amahle noma ama-spider. Ungalwa nalesi sifo ngosizo lwamakhemikhali (izinambuzane noma i-acaricides). Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefa izitshalo ezithintekile ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12, uphinde ukhethe ukwelashwa ukulungisa umphumela.
  • Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Uma ukutshalwa kwe-agrotechnical kubonakala (ukushisa, ukupha, ukwelashwa kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane), kodwa amaqabunga aphuzi noma aphuzi aphinde avele emasimini ekhukhamba, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sinamandla emvelo. Isitshalo esinjalo kufanele sisuswe ensimini ngokushesha, sithathwe engadini bese sibhujiswa ngosizo lomlilo. Lezi zinyathelo ngeke zivumele isifo segciwane ukuba sisakaze kuwo wonke ama-plantings.
  • Ukushisa noma ukushisa. Amaqabunga e-cucumber ephuzi ngokuvamile avame ukungaboni ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa wokukhulisa isiko. Ubusuku obuphansi noma amazinga okushisa emini, noma ukuxhumana kwekhava lamagqabhagqabha ezitshalo ezinezindonga ezibandayo zokushisa, kubangele amaqabunga aqede. Lesi sici kufanele sicatshangelwe lapho utshala izitshalo ezincane ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma zokugcina izithombo zokugcina, futhi ungabatshali eduze nabo ezindongeni zendawo yokukhosela yesikhashana.
  • Umoya omile Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, ikhukhamba ithanda umoya omanzi nokufudumele. Uma kungekho umswakama okwanele emoyeni futhi isitshalo sibhekene "nesilamba samanzi", ukuze kuncishiswe amaqabunga, lapho umswakama uzokhuphuka khona, ipuleti elibanzi eliyiqabunga lizofakwa ngaphakathi kwipayipi. Le nkinga kulula ukuyilungisa ngokunisela okuningi.
Uyazi? Umbusi waseRoma waseTiberius wasendulo wayengumqashi futhi ukhokho wezomnotho wokushisa. Ngokusekelwe ezifisweni nezidingo zakhe, izikhonzi zakhe zazakhela futhi zakha izindlu ezicwebezelayo, lapho kwakhiwa khona ukhukhamba kumbusi phakathi nenkathi ebandayo.

I-Yellowing yamaqabunga aphansi

Ngokuvamile, le nkathazo ibonakala emaqabunga, eseduze nomhlabathi, njengokuba kwenzeka izimo ezimbi zokukhula, lesi sitshalo sithumela zonke izakhi ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, lapho kutholakala khona iphuzu elikhulayo nezithelo zomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala kwamaqabunga aphuzi aphansi akubangelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi yisifo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyinqubo yemvelo yemifino - amaqabunga aphuzi futhi ngokushesha awela lapho lesi sitshalo sizama ukususa amaqabunga amaningi (i-ballast). Izizathu zalesi simo:

  • Ukukhanya okuncane. Ikhukhamba ineqabunga elikhulu elilodwa esifubeni ngasinye - ngenxa yalokho, esitshalweni sekhukhamba kusuka emaqabunga angu-40 kuya kwangu-70. Uma izitshalo ezinotshani zihlwanyelwe emigqeni, lokhu kubangela ukuqina okunamandla nokushefa. Ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo ayitholi ilanga elanele, ngakho ukhukhamba zilahla amaqabunga aphansi awamthunzi.
  • Ukungena kwamanzi noma isomiso. Zombili lezi zimbangela zingabangela ukuphuza nokuwa kweqabunga.
  • Umoya obandayo nenhlabathi. I-Hypothermia idala ukulahleka kombala weqabunga engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo.
  • Ukuntuleka kwezakhi. Izinguquko zombala engxenyeni engezansi yekhava lamakhasi zingabonisa ukuntuleka kokudla (i-magnesium, i-potassium noma i-phosphorus). Lokhu kunqongophala kungagcwaliswa, kodwa hhayi ngokusungulwa kwanoma yikuphi okukodwa kwemaminerali, kodwa ngokudla okunzima okuphelele. Uma uzama ukuletha lezi zinto ngokwehlukana, ungakwenza okungalungile (okwanele ukwenza noma ngokukhululeka).
  • Izifo ze-fungal. Amahlamvu angezansi aqala ukushaywa yizifo ze-fungal (fusarium, pythiasis, blight). Lokhu kuqondiswa ukuxhumana okuqondile nenhlabathi, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi, umswakama. Izitshalo ezigulayo zilahlekelwa yi-turgor, zibe yi-lethargic, zincanyana.
Kubalulekile! Amapulangwe amaqabunga afikelwe ukuguqulwa, athathwa ngaphandle kokushisa noma engadini bese ebhujiswa ngomlilo. Lokhu kuzovimba ukusabalala kwesifo kuyo yonke imibhede yokushisa noma ikhukhamba. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izifo ze-fungal zikhula ngokushesha. - uma ungathathi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu izinhlamvu ze-fungus zingabhubhisa yonke indawo yokukhukhuka.

I-Yellowing ezungeze emaphethelweni

Lapho umgadi wensimu ekwazisa ukuthi emaphethelweni amaqabunga ekhukhamba aqala ukuphuzi - udinga ukuqonda izizathu futhi uthathe izinyathelo ngokuphuthumayo ukusindisa imifino yemifino.

  • Izifo ze-fungal. Leli fomu leqabunga le-necrosis liyisici se-powdery isikhutha esiqala ngamakhukhamba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezulu lokushisa okubandayo nokuphuziza emaphethelweni okumboza amaqabunga kudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwamakhukhamba nge-Bordeaux liquid (isisombululo esisodwa sephesenti). Ungenzi isixazululo se-Bordeaux fluid ngaphezulu, njengoba lokhu kusongela izitshalo ukufa (ungashisa).
  • Ukungabi nomswakama emoyeni nasemhlabathini. Lezi zizathu zingaphinde zithuthukise ukhukhamba ukuba zibukeke ziphuzi kanye nemiphetho emisiwe emaqabunga.
  • Ukungabi nokudla okunomsoco, mhlawumbe i-potassium. Uma umkhawulo wamaqabunga ekhukhamba ukhanyisa ngokuqondene nendawo ephakathi kweqabunga, le nsimu ibonisa isidingo esiphuthumayo saleso sitshalo ukuqhuba ukufaka umquba owengeziwe, okungcono kunzima.

I-Yellowing yama-ovari namaqabunga

Ukudonsa okubukhali phakathi kokushisa nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa (ngokuvamile ngokuhambisana nemvula) kwenza ukuba izifo zemifino zibukeke ezivuneni zemifino. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuba uphathe ngokushesha amasimu ekhukhamba ngamakhemikhali ("Kvadris", "Topaz", "Tiovit jet") noma amalungiselelo eziphilayo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungani ama-ovaries ikhukhamba aphuzi okwebamba lokushisa.

Okungenabungozi, kodwa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kokucubungula imikhono yemakhukhamba: isondo lokushukela (1 ithisipuni ushukela kuthathwa ilitha elilodwa le-serum), amanzi ka-garlic (100 g wegalikhi encibilikisiwe ngamanzi angu-2 l amanzi, uxube futhi ushiye ukunika amahora angu-24) .

Uma i-yellowness ibonakale hhayi engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo, kodwa futhi yathatha amaqabunga amaqabunga aphezulu - yisikhathi sokugcina isitshalo. Ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu, umgadi wensimu angase ashiywe ngaphandle kwesitshalo.

Uyazi? Ikhukhamba yangena emasikweni asetshenziswa abantu kusukela esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kweMesopotamiya - eminyakeni engaphezu kwezine nezinkulungwane ezinhlanu edlule. Owokuqala waqala ukuhlanganyela ekutshalweni kwamakhukhamba njengabahlali bezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe eNdiya.
Izizathu zalokhu:

  • Ukungabi nokukhanyisa - kaningi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaqabunga kanye nekhukhamba ama-ovaries aphuzi. Ukuthi akukho ukukhanya okwanele engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo akuyona into ebucayi kakhulu, noma kunjalo, uma ingxenye engaphezulu, ye-fruiting ye-plant ithola ukungabi nelanga, kudingeka uthole ngokushesha indlela yokuphuma. Uma lesi siko sikhulile ezimweni zokushisa, ke uma kudingeka, hlamba izindonga ezingcolile kanye nokufakwa kwe-greenhouse. Uma inkinga isesimweni sezulu esinesibhakabhaka - ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngosizo lwe-fitolamps (kusukela emahoreni angu-4 kuya kwangu-12 ngosuku).
  • Umoya obandayo nomhlabathi. Ukushisa okuphansi kwenza kube nokuphuza nokufa kwekhukhamba ama-ovari nesembozo seqabunga. Lapho kutshalwa ukushisa okushisa, isimo singalungiswa ngokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa emoyeni usebenzisa uhlelo lokushisa ekushiseni okufunayo. Uma kukhona umoya oshisayo endaweni yokushisa, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, ngokulandelana, landa.
  • Ukuntuleka kokudla kwamaminerali. Ukunisela akunikeza kuphela izitshalo umswakama okudingekayo, kodwa futhi kuhlanza amaminerali (nitrogen, potassium) emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zibekwe ngaphansi kwezimpande zezitshalo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka ngamunye. Le nkinga ixazululwa ngokusungulwa kobunyolo obunzima bomanyolo.

I-VIDEO: KUNGANI UKWENZA IZINDLELA KANYE UNGAKHULU IZIKHONO EZIKHULU?

Imoya yokushisa engcono kakhulu yokukhukhamba okukhulayo

Ngaphambi kokuhluma:

  • esimweni sezulu esishisayo - kusuka ku-22 kuya ku-24 ° C;
  • lapho kungabikho ukukhanya kwelanga - kusuka ku-20 kuya kuma-22 ° C;
  • ebusuku - kusuka 17 kuya 18 ° C.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwekhukhamba ama-ovaries:

  • ngesikhathi semini, esimweni sezulu esishisayo - kusuka ku-23 kuya ku-26 ° C;
  • esimweni sezulu esibhakabhaka - kusuka ku-21 kuya ku-23 ° C;
  • ebusuku - kusuka ku-18 kuya ku-20 ° C.

I-Yellowing icwecwe

Uma amabala aphuzi avela epulazini elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhukhamba uphathwe yisinye sezifo ezifayo.

  • I-Anthracnose - lesi sifo singabonakala ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezibomvu noma ezibomvu ezitsheni zeqabunga. Amaphethelo alawa mabala angeke abe nemigqa ecacile, kunalokho izimpendulo ezizwakalayo zivela kuzo. Lapho isimo sezulu esinamafu noma sezulu, kanye nomswakama ophezulu endaweni yokushisa, ama-pink pads aphuzi azovela ezindaweni. Ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekiswa izibungu ezimnyama ezilondayo - izilonda ezisemivimbo yemifino. Ukwelapha ukhukhamba ezigulayo kungenziwa nge ukwelashwa kwezitshalo nge-one-percent ukumiswa kwe-sulfur colloidal. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-14, ukwelashwa okunye kuyadingeka, kodwa manje kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid (isisombululo esisodwa sephesenti). Ama-ulcers emivimbovweni yekhukhamba nezinye izindawo ezibukwayo ze-fungus lesion kufanele ziphathwe ngesisombululo samanzi nethusi le-sulphate (0.5%), bese uphuphuzwa ngamalahle aphuphumayo.
  • I-Downy isikhutha - inqunywa ukuba khona kwamachashazi aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni bepuleti leshidi kanye nokuqhakaza okumhlophe okuyingxenye ephansi yeshidi. Esitshalweni esithintekile yilesi sifo, ikhava leqabunga lingcolile, limile futhi liwe. Izindlela zokulawula: i-cucumber yezolimo ayikufanele iphuze izinsuku ezingu-7, ngokushesha uphefaze nge-Oksih (10 g wezinto ezilitshiyayo ngamalitha ama-5 amanzi). Uma i-downy isikhutha ivela ezitshalweni ezincane ezingakaze zenze i-ovary, ungasebenzisa ukwelashwa nomuthi "Rizoplan" (isipuni esingu-1 somuthi ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi). Zonke zokwelapha zingenziwa kuphela kusihlwa lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihla. Kodwa izinyathelo ezichazweyo zinganciphisa kuphela ukusakazeka okusheshayo kwesifo. Imivimbo emikhulu ye-ikhukhamba ekwindla kufanele ishiswe, ngoba iyimithombo yamakhowe we-mushroom. Uma ungabhubhisi izinhlamvu ngomlilo, isifo se-fungal sizoba phezu kwama-residu esitshalo futhi kule nkathi elandelayo yensimu izoqala ukuphazamisa izimila ezintsha zemifino. Kunconywa ukuthi ungahlwanyeli ukhukhamba kuleli sayithi eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imifino noma izitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isizathu esibonakalayo sokubonakala kwalezi zinhlamvu emaspredishini ukushisa ilanga. Kukhona ukushisa phambi kwelanga elishisayo kanye namaconsi amanzi emagqeni ekhukhamba. Ngaphandle kwalokho angeke akwazi ukukhipha ukhukhamba emini, ngesikhathi esishisayo sosuku. Yenze kube ngumthetho wokunikeza umswakama kwi-cucumber plantings kusihlwa.

Uyazi? Ikhukhamba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni iye yanda isivunini esivela eNgilandi Alf Cobb. Ubude bekhukhamba engavamile bufinyelele ku-91 cm 7 mm. Ikhukhamba yokubeka amarekhodi yanikezwa umlimi wase-gardens owakhulisa embukisweni wezolimo edolobheni laseBatho, eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNgilandi.

Izici ukunakekela ukhukhamba ngamaqabunga aphuzi

Cabanga ngezimbangela zokuphuza amaqabunga ekhukhamba ezitshalweni ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Izizathu zingase zihluke. Ukuze imivimbo yemifino namaqabunga abe namandla futhi aphilile, kuhle ukunamathela emisebenzini efanele yokulima ekukhuleni isiko.

Emhlabathini ovulekile

  • Ungashiyi izitshalo ngaphandle kokukhosela endaweni ebandayo. Если температура воздуха опустилась ниже 15°C, укройте свои посадки агроволокном или установите над грядками дуги и набросьте на них полиэтиленовую пленку. В случае применения полиэтиленовой пленки днем, не забывайте оставлять торцы временного укрытия открытыми - это необходимо для регулирования температуры воздуха в парнике и проветривания грядки с помощью сквозняков.
  • Amanzi ngokulinganisela. Uma ikhava lekhakhamba lekhakhamba liphenduka yellow ngenxa yokungabi nomswakama, qala ukunikeza amanzi njalo izimpande zezitshalo, kanti yellowing kuyoyeka. Uma isizathu singaphezu kwamanzi emhlabathini - masinyane ayeke ukuchelela okwesikhashana, ukhulule inhlabathi, kuhlanganiswe nokwethulwa kwesihlabathi kanye nomuthi wokhuni endaweni yomcibisholo. Uma isifo somswakama omnyama sitholakala emasimini ekhukhamba, ngemuva kokufeza yonke inqubo engenhla, umhlabathi wombhede uhambelana kancane nekhambi elibomvu lama-manganese.
  • Nikeza izitshalo ukudla. Yondla njalo (amaminerali kanye neziyinkimbinkimbi), uthembele ku-agrotechnology yokulima kwalesi siko. Amaqabunga aphuzi ekhukhamba angabonisa ukuthi isitshalo sise "njala".
  • Ukuqhuba ukwelashwa ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo. Umlimi kufanele ahlolwe ukuhlola izimila ezimbili noma ezintathu ngeviki ukuze angaphuthelwa isigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo noma ukuhlasela izinambuzane.
  • Ungafaki amaqabunga amaqabunga namanzi ikhukhamba emini. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda ukushisa kwelanga emaqabunga.

Esikhathini sokushisa noma ebhalini

Kungukungabikho kokugcinwa kwe-agrotechnical (izimo zokushisa, ukufaka umanyolo, ukuthuthwa komswakama, ukwelashwa kwezifo nezinambuzane) ezibangela izifo zezitshalo endaweni yokushisa. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi izitshalo zizizwa zingalungile zingase zibe ukuphuziza kwesembozo seqabunga.

Labo abafisa ukukhula isivuno esihle samakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa, kuyasiza ukufunda indlela yokunisela ukhukhamba, yiziphi izinhlobo ezingcono ukutshala kunokuzidla nokuthi zibophe.

Ukhukhamba in the abamba ukushisa

Ukubuyisela ukhukhamba empilweni, udinga ukunamathela emithethweni elandelayo yokukhula:

  • Landela imithetho yokuchelela. Uma ukhukhamba ziqhakaza futhi ziqala ukuhluma, zidinga ukuphuziswa izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto (ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu) noma ngaphezulu (ngosuku). Yonke imitha yesikwele yemibhede ikhukhamba yenza amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Yiqiniso, ekushiseni ukukhipha ukhukhamba kufanele kube nokuningi (amalitha angu-15 ngomitha wesikwele). Uma kungabikho ilanga noma esimweni sezulu, kuyadingeka ukuphuza i-cucumber plantation kancane, mhlawumbe kanye ngesonto. Kulula kakhulu ukubona ukuthi umbhede wekhukhamba udinga umswakama okwamanje: uma inhlabathi inamanzi ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm, ukuchelela kungahlehliswa izinsuku ezimbalwa.
  • Qaphela ishadi lokushisa. Lokhu okungenhla ukushisa okungcono kokukhukhamba okukhulayo. Abalimi bezitshalo kumele balandele kuleli khadi lokushisa.
  • Lungisa izinga lokushisa emoyeni usebenzisa iminyango evulekile noma evaliwe kanye ne-transoms window. Ukucindezeleka okushisayo akuvumelekile uma ukhula ukhukhamba.
  • Hlela ama-drafts. Ukuze ugweme ukugqashuka kwezifo ze-fungal ku-greenhouse, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhube umoya ophuthumayo ekamelweni. Lo jensi uzokusiza ama-drafts. Ukuze uthole uhlaka, udinga ukuvula amafolda noma ukuvuleka ekugcineni kwe-greenhouse noma indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana. Ukunyakaza komoya kudla umsila weqabunga kusuka emswakeni oqine kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal (downy isikhutha nabanye).
  • Ungakhohlwa ukwenza ukudla okuvamile. Uma i-yellowing yeqabunga leqabunga lingabonakali ukutheleleka ngezinhlamvu zezifo ze-fungal, emva kokugqoka, amaqabunga azophinde aphenduke ngokuhlaza.
  • Phatha ukhukhamba ngezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezincelisayo. Ama-spores of fungi ayafa ngemuva kokwelashwa ne-Bordeaux liquid (solution solution eyodwa), futhi ngama-aphid ngamakhukhamba ungabhekana nesisombululo se-nitroammofoski (izipuni ezingu-6 ngamalitha angu-20 wamanzi). Isibungu se-spider asibekezelelanga indawo kanye nesisombululo se-sulfur colloidal. I-80 g ye-sulfur colloidal 10 amalitha amanzi athathwa futhi axutshwe kahle. Lelixazululo lifakwe ikhukhamba lokutshala kuleli shici.
  • Gwema ukuqina kwabantu abamba ukushisa. Ukusondelana ngokweqile kwezitshalo emibhedeni kuholela ekujuleni kwamaqabunga aphansi. Ingxenye engezansi yezitshalo ayiboni ilanga, ngakho amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe. Ukukhukhula kubangelwa nokuqhuma kwezifo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezifo ze-fungal.
Uyazi? Idolobha elincane lase-Ukraine laseNizhyn liye ladumile ngamakhukhamba alo elihlwabusayo amakhulu eminyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba ezikhulile zibizwa ngokuthi "Nezhinsky". Esigabeni sesiteshi salo muzi idokhumbuzo eya ku-Nezhin ikhukhamba efakwe.

Ukhukhamba ebhaleni

Uma amaqabunga ekhukhamba aqala ukushintshela ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ezimbizeni, kubalulekile ukucacisa imbangela futhi wenze ngokufanele:

  • Iziphuzo ezimbi kakhulu noma abadwebi. Uma amakhukhamba amancane eqala ukushintsha amaqabunga aphuzi, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwaso lwempande lube lukhuni emigodini lapho litshalwe khona. Lesi sitshalo kufanele sitshalwe kabusha ngokudlulisela ebhodweni elikhulu, bese uhlelo lwaso lwempande luzokwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi luzozizwa luhle.
  • Umswakama obuningi emoyeni. Ukuze ukhukhamba ungaguli ngesinye sezifo ze-fungal, udinga ukuhambisa i-loggia noma i-balcony njalo.
  • Amanzi amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu lapho ephuza - nalesi esinye sezizathu zokuphuza amaqabunga ekhukhamba.
  • Kudinga ukuphakelayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inkathi ekhulayo yekhukhamba ngamakhono okulinganiselwe kusho ukuthi isitshalo ekugcineni sidonsa zonke izinto eziwusizo ezisemhlabathini futhi esikhathini esizayo kufanele zisondliwe njalo. Izithombo zekhukhamba ezincane zondliwa okokuqala emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili noma amane eqiniso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umquba we-nitrogen oyinkimbinkimbi, okumele usetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo enamathiselwe. Ukhukhamba okhulayo ezitsheni awukwazi ukondliwa ngemifuno yemvelo yemvelo.
Ungathenga ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo wokugqoka okungavumelekile, futhi ungakwazi "ukuzibhala" ngokwakho. Hlanganisa ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi nge-10 g we-ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, usawoti we-potassium futhi usebenzise le nkinga yezimpande zokugqoka izikhukhamba. Bamba ngale ndlela yokugqoka ngokucophelela, njengoba ikhambi, eliwela emaqabunga ekhukhamba, lingashisa.

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Yellowing

Ukuze sikwazi ukuvimbela isifo se-cucumber plantation, kufanele sihambisane nemithetho eminingana:

  • gcina ibanga eliphakanyisiwe (20-25 cm) phakathi kwezitshalo lapho ufika endaweni ehlala njalo;
  • ukunikeza ukukhanya okuhle;
  • ukuhambisana nezimo zokushisa eziphezulu (ukugwema ukushaqeka okushisayo noma ukuncibilika ngokweqile);
  • hhayi ukuguqula insimu "ibe yi-marsh", kepha futhi ukuthi ungagcini izitshalo emkhakheni owomile;
  • lapho ukhula ukushisa, ventilate ekamelweni bese udala imiklamo;
  • isikhathi sokusingatha ukutshala ezifweni kanye nezinambuzane ezilimazayo;
  • zenze njalo izithako eziyinkimbinkimbi nezamaminerali njalo;
  • ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-oksijeni usebenzisa ukukhululeka;
  • ukubopha izitshalo, ukuvimbela ukuthintana kwemivimbo yemifino nenhlabathi;
  • lawula umthwalo wezithelo;
  • isikhathi sokuvuna.
Uyazi? Ngaphansi kuka-5% we-mass inani lama-ikhukhamba ama-akhawunti wezakhi nezamaminerali, kuyilapho amaphesenti angama-95 e-mass yemifino amanzi.
Ukuze uvimbele amaqabunga e-ikhukhamba okwephuzi, kungenzeka ukuphatha izindawo zokukhukhamba nge-biologically esebenzayo, kodwa ezingenabungozi kwizixazululo zempilo yabantu. Nazi ezinye zokupheka:

Inombolo ye-Recipe 1

Isixazululo sobisi nesobho - uthele ilitha lebisi ibe ibhakede elingenalutho elitini elilodwa, engeza u-20 g we-sopha yasendlini egayiwe kanye namaconsi angu-30 e-iodine lapho. Phakamisa phezulu ibhakede phezulu ngenesivivi, amanzi ahlanzekile. Hlanganisa okuqukethwe kwesitsha kuze kube yilapho insipho ichitheka ngokuphelele emanzini. Leli thuluzi lingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula ama-cucumber emasimini emaqabunga eminyaka yonke. Ungaqala ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngokushesha nje uma ikhukhamba iphonsa amaqabunga amabili weqiniso (hhayi i-cotyledon) amaqabunga!

Phakathi kwamakhemikhali omuntu wokondla ukhukhamba iodini nemvubelo iyasebenza.

Inombolo ye-Recipe 2

Isinkwa esibomvu ne-iodine - isinkwa esisodwa sesinkwa esimnyama sithelelwa ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi amahora amaningana. Ngemuva kokuba isinkwa siguquke, sidutshulwa ngesandla emanzini kanti okuqukethwe kwebhokisi elilodwa le-iodine lengezwe engxenyeni. Ukugxila okusetshenziselwayo kusetshenziselwa kuphela isimo esihlanjululwe. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezitshalo, ilitha elilodwa lekhambi eligxilisiwe lithathwa futhi lixubene nama-10 amalitha amanzi ahlanzekile. Lelixazululo kumele lucubungulwe ukhukhamba ephepheni njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Gcina isisombululo esisele endaweni emnyama nepholile.

Ividiyo: Isinkwa sigqoka iodini ngamakhukhamba

Inombolo ye-recipe 3

I-anyanisi ikhasi - ukulungiswa kwe-infusion udinga i-bank of husk ngomthamo we-0.7 amalitha. Leli nani le-anyanisi ikhasi liyanwetshwa ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi, ingxube ibhekwa ngamathumba, ivaliwe ngesembozo futhi ishiye ukuma ubusuku bonke. Ekuseni, isisombululo esilahliwe nesicindezelekile silungele ukusetshenziswa. Ukwehla okugxilisayo kuhlanjululwe, ngoba wonke ama-2.5 amalitha okugxila angenisa ama-10 amalitha amanzi ahlanzekile. Isixazululo sipholwa ngamakhukhamba. Ungasebenzisa leli thuluzi njalo ngesonto. Inombolo ye-Recipe 4

Isixazululo se-Manganese - ngokushesha uma amaqabunga okuqala aphuzi atholakale kumakhukhamba, adinga ukwelashwa ngesisombululo esincane esibomvu se-potassium permanganate namanzi. Lokhu kuzomisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlamvu zamakhowe kanye nokukhipha amagciwane emaceleni.

Ukhukhamba - okungenasisekelo ekukhuleni isiko semifino. Kodwa-ke, ngokunamathela emisebenzini efanele yokulima, noma yimuphi umlimi angakwazi ukugubha umkhumbi wakhe umndeni wakhe ngamakhakhamba aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo egcwalisa i-cellar ngemifino yemifino ebusika. Okokuqala, kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela ukutshala, futhi uqaphele inkinga - ngokushesha uqale ukucinga isixazululo.