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Indlela yokutshala i-asparagus ubhontshisi ezweni

Ulwazi mayelana nokukhula kwamabhontshisi avamile ngeke kusimangaze noma yikuphi ohlala ehlobo, okungeke kuthiwe nge-asparagus ubhontshisi, okuthola nje ukuthandwa futhi sekuqala ukuhlala endaweni yayo emasimini aseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ngakho-ke, ake siqonde indlela yokutshala ama-asparagus ubhontshisi emhlabathini, yikuphi ukunakekelwa okumelwe kuthathwe nokuthi ukuyivikela kanjani ezinambuzane.

Ukukhetha indawo yokufika

Ama-asparagus ubhontshisi akhetha kakhulu ekukhuleni kwawo. Kusukela ekukhethweni okulungile kwendawo kuncike ekuvinjeni kokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, kanye nenani lezithelo ezizokwenza.

Ukukhanyisa

Lezi ubhontshisi ziyakuthanda ukushisa nelanga, ngakho-ke kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi lesi sitshalo asikuthuli lutho kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwalo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isayithi lalinomoya omncane. Akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthi isiko sizoshisa elangeni - amaqabunga ayo azozimela ngokuzenzekelayo isithunzi lapho adinga khona.

Umhlaba

Kungcono lezi zibhontshisi zizozwa ngomhlabathi ovundile futhi ongeke ubeke amanzi. Awu, uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayobe ejulile. Inhlabathi engavumelekile yalesi sitshalo kubhekwa njengobumba, ubumba, umhlabathi omanzi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Ungakhethi inhlabathi ecebile ku-nitrogen kubhontshisi, njengoba iveza yona yedwa. I-nonsaturation ingalimaza isitshalo.

Uma isakhiwo sisesifundeni esenyakatho, kungcono ukukhetha inhlabathi enhlabathini ngobhontshisi. Lolu hlobo lwezwe luvuselela ngokushesha kunabanye, oluzozuza isitshalo esinothando lokushisa.

Abadluli phambili

Okuhle kunakho konke, ubhontshisi uhluma futhi izithelo ezindaweni lapho izihlahla ze-cruciferous noma ze-solanaceous zikhula. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • amazambane;
  • iklabishi;
  • isitshalo seqanda;
  • utamatisi nabanye.

Ukulungiselela imibhede

Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala lezi ubhontshisi ziqala ekwindla. Umhlaba uhlanzwa kahle ukhula, ugobe, bese kuthi, ukuze udale izimo ezihle zokutshala isitshalo, engeza kuwo ngayinye imitha yesikwele:

  • 4 kg we-humus;
  • isipuni se-saltpeter;
  • i-spoonful of potassium chloride;
  • izinkezo ezimbalwa zefulawa i-dolomite;
  • isipuni superphosphate.
Entwasahlobo, lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela, udinga ukumba umhlaba futhi uwuhlwithe nge-rake. Lapho uthola i-viscosity yenhlabathi eyandayo, engeza isanti elincane (5 kg ngalinye imitha yesikwele).
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukuba usilondoloze imithi ngomhlabathi ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Kunezinketho eziningana zokulungiselela imbewu yokutshala:

  • ukufika ezweni elisele amanzi;
  • i-pre-soak;
  • ukuhluma kokuqala kwembewu.
Ngendlela yokuqala, kwanele ukumane uqiniseke ukuthi imbewu ihlambulukile, ngaphandle kwezimbungu noma ezinye izinambuzane kuzo. Bese uthele amanzi amaningi bese utshala imbewu.

Amahlumela avela ngokushesha uma uqala ukugxilisa imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele imbewu ngamanzi ashisayo imizuzu engu-15. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuyibulala nge-disinfection ngesixazululo se-potassium permanganate ebuthakathaka.

Ukungcola kwenhlabathi kanye nembewu kuyadingeka ukuvikela izithombo ezincane ezibuthakathaka ezivela ezinambuzane ezikhohlisayo.

Uma uhluma ubhontshisi ngaphambilini, izithombo zingatholakala ngisho ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele uhlole wonke ubhontshisi ukuze kube khona isikhunta, ukukhukhumeza, ukulimala, kanye nokususa udoti. Yonke imbewu ekhethiwe, udinga ukubeka ungqimba olulodwa kwendwangu emanzini. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthatha enye ingcezu yendwangu bese uyibeka phezulu. Isiqephu esiphezulu sidinga futhi sibe semanzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu lapha - hhayi ukuwudlulela ngamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izolula.

Ngemuva kwamahora angu-24, uvula indwangu, ungabona ukuthi ubhontshisi sele usuqale ukuqala amahlumela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbewu ilungele ukutshala. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka batshalwe ngokucophelela, ukuze bangalimazi kuphela amahlumela avele.

Kubalulekile! Unyaka ngamunye, ubhontshisi batshalwe kwenye indawo ukuvimbela izifo zezitshalo nge-anthracnose.

Inqubo yokufika: isikhathi, iphethini nokujula

Ukutshala i-asparagus ubhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile kungenzeka uma kungenzeka ukuthi iqhwa likhishwe. Amahabhisi aseHaricot avame ukutshala ngoMeyi-Juni, kepha lapha konke kuxhomeke ekushiseni-kufanele kube okungenani + 20 ° С.

Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa izimbobo. Ukujula kwabo kuvela ku-4 kuya ku-6 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi emgqeni lingcono cishe ngo-10 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - kusuka ku-30 ​​cm. Uma ubhontshisi bekhuphuka izinhlobo, igebe eliphakathi kwezitshalo kumele libe likhulu - 35-40 cm, ukuze kube khona indawo yokusekela ukufaka.

Ukuze unike lesi sitshalo nge-potassium, ungathelela emithonjeni ngaphambi kokutshala izinkuni. Ngokujwayelekile, ubhontshisi abangu-3-4 abatshalwe emgodini owodwa, futhi uma kuvela amahlumela (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10), ashiya enye yezinamandla.

Uma imbewu itshalwe, iyanisela, ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi. Ukuze ukuhluma okusheshayo, usazofafaza nge-humus phezulu.

Uyazi? I-silicon, etholakala ku-asparagus ubhontshisi, isiza ukuqinisa amathambo kanye nezicubu ezixhunyiwe.

Ukuze ugcine isikhala uma ukhula ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, abalimi bafika ngamanye amaqhinga. Abanye bakhela ama-wigwams emagatsheni omuthi bese behlwanyela imbewu.

Abanye bahlwanyela lesi sitshalo bezungeza i-pole enkulu, ehlala isikhathi eside ngokuhleleka kwemibuthano eminingana ukuze ihlumela ngalinye likwazi "ukubamba" isikhali endaweni yayo.

Amathiphu Okunakekela

Ama-asparagus ubhontshisi awunjalo kakhulu ekunakekeleni, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, kodwa, ukuze ukhule isivuno esifisa, kuzodingeka usinike isikhathi esincane.

Ukunisela

Ukwakheka ketshezi lwesithombo sosawoti kusuka kumbewu e-dacha, lapho umnikazi khona kanye ngesonto, akunakwenzeka, ngoba lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuphuza njalo nokunakekelwa njalo.

Emva kokutshala, ubhontshisi bayanisela zonke izinsuku. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo ziqhubeke zichelela njengoba inhlabathi iyomile. Kungcono ukuwa amanzi uma ilanga selibekiwe. Ukunisela kuyenziwa empandeni.

Abanye balimi basebenzisa ikhambi eliwusizo elicacile lokunisela: gcwalisa imivimbo engu 2/3 nokhula, phezulu phezulu ngamanzi kuze kube semgqeni bese ushiya isonto. Ukuphuza i-litre yesisombululo kuhlanjululwe ebhaketheni lamanzi emvula noma amanzi ahlukanisiwe.

Kubalulekile! Ukunisela ubhontshisi kubaluleke kakhulu: uma amanzi enganele, izitshalo zizokhula kahle, izithelo zizobe zingacacile futhi ziphele.
Ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga amane okuqala avele esitshalweni, ukuchelela kumile ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuchichima. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, uphuzisa futhi njalo ngosuku.

Weeding futhi ukukhulula

Ukuze kukhule kangcono isitshalo, kubalulekile ukukhula ukhula njalo, okuvela eceleni kwebhontshisi. Kuze kube yilapho isitshalo selukhule sibe ngu-10 cm, kuyadingeka emva kokunisela noma imvula ngayinye ukukhulula inhlabathi eceleni kwayo. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kuyenziwe lapho amahlumela esesifinyelele kakade ukuphakama kwe-7 cm.

Ukuhlangana komhlabathi

Ukuze lula ukunakekelwa kwe-asparagus ubhontshisi, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngotshani. Lokhu kuzovumela umswakama ukuba uhlale emhlabathini, kanye nokuqeda ukuthi kungenzeka ukhula.

Qalisa

Uma ubhontshisi be-asparagus bezinhlobonhlobo ezikhuphukayo, zidinga ukulungiswa ekusekeleni okuqinile ngokuqondile. Ukuphakama kwezinsizakalo ezinjalo kuvame ukuba ngu-1.5 m. Intambo noma ucingo lubekwa phezu kwazo, lapho amahlumela esitshalo azothunyelwa khona kamuva.

Lapho amahlumela ekhulula umcibisholo ovunguzayo, udinga ukuwuthumela ekusekeleni, futhi phakathi nobusuku uzobe usuvele uzungeza induku noma ipulazi.

Uyazi? Lezi ubhontshisi zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umdlavuza, njengoba zinevithamini A amaningi futhi zicebile kuma-antioxidants abalulekile.
Abalimi bezitshalo bangasincoma ukusebenzisa inetha lokusekela, njengoba amahlumela omisiwe ezitshalo ekwindla kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukususa kuwo.

Ukuphoqa ukuphunyuka

Lapho ubhontshisi bekhula kuya ku-10 cm, udinga ukuwafiphaza. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande nokuthuthukisa umsoco wezinyosi lapho ama-pods eqala ukubopha.

Lapho ukukhula kwezitshalo kuzobe sekukhona ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili, kunconywa ukuthi uphonse ithiphu ukuze lingakhuli, futhi zonke izakhi zenza ukukhuthazwa kwe-fruiting emihle.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukugqoka, umquba wenkomo uvame ukusetshenziswa. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu kokudla:

  • hlanganisa nokuchelela (dissolve 1 kuya 10 humus emanzini);
  • usakaze umquba emanzini ukuze ubole.
Ukugqoka i-chimila kuqala lapho izithombo zinika amapheshana okuqala.

Ngalesi sikhathi, isitshalo sondliwa nge-superphosphate engenani lika-40 g ngalinye ngemitha yesigcawu.

Lapho i-buds yokuqala ivela, usawoti we-potassium wengezwa enhlabathini - 10 g ngomitha wesikwele. Lapho izithelo sezivuthiwe, ungadla inhlabathi ngesisombululo sokhuni.

Uyazi? Ukuqukethwe kwekhalori yalo mkhiqizo kuncane - kuphela i-kcal engu-24 nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinga elincane le-energy kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali enempilo ngobhontshisi, ubhontshisi be-asparagus bavame ukufakwa ekudleni kwalabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba.

I-nitrojeni ayikwazi ukutshala isitshalo esikhaleni sezimbali kanye nezigaba ezalandela zentuthuko, njengoba kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa okuqinile kwengxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo bese ushiya umphathi ngaphandle kwezithelo.

Izifo nezinambuzane: ukuvimbela nokwelapha

Ngokuvamile ubhontshisi we-asparagus uyagula:

  • i-anthracnose;
  • i-downy isikhutha;
  • i-bacteriosis.

Ukuvikelwa kulezi zifo kulula. Konke okudingekayo ukunakekela kahle isitshalo, ukuhlanza izitshalo ezigulayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlaziya imbewu ehlwanyelwe.

Ukuvimbela lezi zifo, i-limestone kufanele ithulwe enhlabathini. Ukuze uvimbele isitshalo ekungeneni kwezifo ezifayo nezifo, kungcono ukuphatha izidakamizwa ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kwethusi.

Ngokuvamile lezi zibhontshisi zihlaselwa yi-slugs, futhi uma sisusa ukhula esakhiweni ngesikhathi futhi sihlale sisondla umhlaba ngomswakama, ngeke zifike esitshalweni. Uma, ngisho nakulokhu, i-slugs ibonakala, idinga ukususwa kuphela.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

I-Asparag yebhontshi idinga ukuvama nokujwayelekile kuqoqo, ngoba lingakwazi ukuvuselela futhi libe nzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uqoqa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ama-ovaries amasha afaka futhi ubhontshisi ukhula njalo kuze kuvele iqhwa lokuqala.

I-ovary kulezi ubhontshisi ivela uma kuthatha amasonto amabili emva kwesikhathi sokumbali. Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi ukuvela kwe-ovary, kuyokwazi ukuhlola isivuno sokuqala. Lesi siko ngeke sikwazi ukuqoqwa ngendlela enkulu, kuphela ngokukhetha ukuhleka phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-pods.

Kubalulekile! Izithelo ezigqamile ze-asparagus ubhontshisi ngeke zibe mnandi kakhulu, ngoba kunconywa ukuba zingabhidli, futhi zishiye ukuthi zome. Ngemuva kokumiswa, zingasuswa futhi zigcinwe ngonyaka ozayo, emva kokumisa ubhontshisi.

Impilo yamashalofini ama-asparagus ubhontshisi amancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma udinga ukugcina ubhontshisi ebusika, kufanele uwafake. Kungcono kakhulu ukusika ama-pods wezinyosi zibe yizicucu zesayizi oyifunayo, uwafake esikhwameni noma epayipi bese uwabeka efrijini.

Ukugcina ubhontshisi okhethiwe ngenzalo nakho okulula. Ngemuva kokuthi uthathe ama-pods owomile kudingeka wome, bese ukhetha okusanhlamvu okuvela kubo. Zigcinwa esiqandisini, hhayi efrijini, nakuba eziningi zigcinwe kahle ezimweni zendawo.

I-asparagus ubhontshisi - enye yezitshalo, okunakekelwa kuyo akukhathali umlimi wensimu. Akukho lutho olukhethekile nolwemvelo olungadingeki, kodwa ungakwazi ukujabulela umkhiqizo onjalo wokudla ebusika nasehlobo. Konke lokhu kuzokwehlisa noma yikuphi umlimi oyisilima ekuqondiseni ukukhula kwalaba ubhontshisi kusayithi lakho.