Isithombo se-black is ahlala njalo emasimini abalimi abaningi. Abantu bayayithanda futhi babelethe imibhede yabo ngokunambitheka kwabo okunomsoco, okunomusa, okuyingqayizivele, abacebile ezakhiweni zokulandelela, ukwakheka nokulula ukulima.
Wonke umuntu okhathalela impilo yakhe, labo abakhetha ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo ngemikhiqizo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi labo abanabantwana - lokhu kuvuna izimpande kuyimpoqo yokulima.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nini, kuphi futhi kanjani ukutshala isithombo somnyama, sizoxoxa esihlokweni sethu. Sizoxoxa ngazo zonke imininingwane zokunakekelwa kwesitshalo, futhi sifunde ngemithetho yokuqoqa nokugcina izithelo zayo.
Izici ezijwayelekile zomasiko
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezehlukene zakuqala futhi zokuhlwanyela kamuva. Kuyinto isitshalo esibandayo, okungukuthi, ikhula kahle emhlabathini kuze kube seqhwa futhi igcinwe ngokuphelele ebusika. Ungathola imbewu kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula, ngoba isikhathi sokukhula sinenkathi yeminyaka emibili. 
Okuyinhloko izici ezihlukile Lezi zinhlobo yi-shape yayo nxazonke, umbala omnyama wesikhumba, inyama emhlophe enomsoco futhi iveza ukunambitheka okubukhali.
Izithelo nezithelo zivuthwa ngokuphelele izinyanga ezingu-3-4 emva kokuvela kobuso bokuqala komhlaba, ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo esingaba ngu-200 kuya ku-600 g. Sifihliwe ngokuphelele enhlabathini, sishiya i-oblong kuphela, ekhanyayo eluhlaza, amaqabunga e-wavy emaphethelweni.
Uyazi? Izithelo zomsila omnyama zinomsoco ocebile kakhulu ushukela ozuzisayo, isitshalo se-fibre, amaprotheni, usawoti wamaminerali namafutha abalulekile. Bacebile kakhulu ezintweni ezinenzuzo ezifana ne-calcium, isulfure, i-magnesium ne-potassium.
Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zalezimpande zimi kanje:
- Ubhekana ne-bronchitis.
- Umthelela omuhle emaphethelweni emathunjini.
- Ijusi layo liwusizo ekwelapheni izifo ze-vascular and heart.
- Usiza ukubhekana nezinkinga zesibindi nesibindi senyongo.
- Ukuphelelisa ngokugcwele ukudla okunempilo.
- Ikhuthaza futhi ihlabelele isimiso sezinzwa.
Imithetho yokutshala isithombo
Uma ekugcineni uqiniseka ukuthi le mifino iyadingeka kakhulu wena nomndeni wakho, kufanele ucabange ukuthi ungakhula kanjani isithombo esimnyama engadini yakho. Kunemithetho elula nezincomo, okulandelayo okuzobhekana nalo msebenzi kahle.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala?
Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, udinga ukunquma uma ufuna ukuthola izithelo:
- Kukhona izinhlobo zakuqala. Zihlukaniswa ngezithelo ezincane futhi zatshala ngoMashi ukuvuna ngoJulayi.
- Midade Ripe zitshala esikhathini sokusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya kuphakathi kukaMeyi. Izithelo zizobe sezikulungele ukuvuna ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Kukhona nezinhlobo zezinkathi zonyaka-nonyaka ezidinga ukutshala ngaphambi kukaJulayi.
- Isithombo se-late-season udinga ukutshala phakathi kwehlobo, ukuze ekupheleni kwekwindla ukuvuna nokuvuna isivuno ebusika lonke.
Kubalulekile! Emaphakheji anembewu, uhlobo lwesithombo lukhonjiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi isikhathi lapho lezi zitshalo kufanele zitshalwe khona emhlabathini. Ngokunamathela kulezi zincomo, uzogwema amaphutha ngokukhetha isikhathi sokutshala. Ncipha ingozi yokubhubhisa imbewu noma ukuletha izithelo ukuba ziqhekeke.
Ukutshala kuphi?
Ngemuva kokuthi uhloniphe izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele futhi manje wazi ukuthi uzohlwanyela isithombo sakho esimnyama, kufanele ukhethe futhi ulungise isakhiwo. 
Ukuhlwanyela isithombo uyingxenye ephelele lapho ukhulume khona ngaphambili, i-ithanga noma i-legumes. Uzoba ngumlingani omkhulu wamazambane, anyanisi, i-dill, i-ulethisi. Into esemqoka akuyikutshala endaweni efanayo lapho iklabishi, i-turnip, isithombo, i-rutabaga noma isithombo esanda kukhula. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya okuningi, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele ukulungisa indawo ekhanyisiwe nensimu enamandla. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukutshala inhlabathi. Amaminerali amaminerali nama-humus azokusiza kahle.
Kubalulekile! Akukhuthazwa kakhulu ukwengeza umquba omusha emhlabathini. Lokhu kungabangela ukuqhekeka kwezithelo, kanye nokuhlasela okusebenzayo kwezinambuzane.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umhlabathi kufanele uhanjiswe ngaphambili ekujuleni okungaba ngu-35 cm, ukufaka umquba ngokubunjwa okulandelayo:
- ingilazi yomlotha;
- superphosphate (3 tbsp.);
- i-potassium chloride (1 tbsp.);
- urea (1 tbsp. l.).
Indlela yokutshala?
Ukuze uqale, kuzodingeka ulungiselele imibhede embalwa kude no-30-40 cm komunye nomunye. Bamba izimbobo ezingenalutho embhedeni ngamunye, ugcine ibanga elinganiselwa ku-15 cm. Emthonjeni ngamunye, funda imbewu encane futhi umboze umhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho, imithombo kumele ichithe ngokucophelela futhi ifafazwe nge-sawdust noma umlotha ukuze igcine umswakama. Amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele kungakapheli isonto.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezici zokulima nokusetshenziswa kwama-radishes.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Isithombo se-black is plant esingahloniphekile futhi inqubo yokulima yayo ngeke idinge kuwe kusuka eziqinile ngokomzimba kanye nesikhathi ukusetshenziswa izindleko. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo idalulwe kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo.
Ukuthinta
Isikhathi sokuqala sokumbumba imibhede izoyidinga emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-3-4 okuqala emhlabathini ngaphezulu. Ukukhululeka kuzodingeka kube phakathi kwemifula naphakathi kwezimbobo. Esikhathini esizayo, qiniseka ukuthi njalo unciphisa imibhede yakho ngesithombo, uqiniseke ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo alingaphasi kwe-15 cm. 
Ukuqina kwemibhede kuholela enombolweni enkulu yezinkinga ezihlotshaniswa nokushintsha ukuma nokuvinjelwa kwesithelo, ukutheleleka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Uma, ngenkathi ukukhula nombono wezitshalo zempande, kunikezwa ukudla kuphela ngokusebenzisa impande ephakathi, ukususa izimpande ezingeziwe zomzimba, ngokusigcoba emhlabathini, isithombo sikhula kancane futhi siphuze kakhulu.
Ukunisela
Akufanele kuvunyelwe ukudoba umhlabalapho isithombo sakhula khona. Phela, ikhwalithi kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo zayo ikakhulukazi kuncike kumswakama inhlabathi. Njalo uchithe umhlaba futhi uchele imifino yezitshalo zakho - lokhu kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokuvuna okunempilo, okunomsoco. Inhlabathi yobumba, lapho kudingeka khona ukuwasebenzisa kaningi.
Ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela okuqala akhuphuke, kubalulekile ukuwasha kanye kanye nezinsuku ezimbili. Emva kwalokho, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ngemva kokuphuza umhlaba kuyoba usizo ukuyikhulula. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okokuqala kuvame ukwenza ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga ambalwa okuqala esitshalo avele ngenhla. Endaweni ethile ngenyanga iphenduka isikhathi sesibili. Esikhathini esizayo, ukufaka umanyolo kungase kudingeke uma kwenzeka isifo noma ukubola kwesitshalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa ngesisombululo esifanayo esasifaka ngalo umhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu: i-potassium chloride (16 g), i-superphosphate (60 g) ne-urea (20 g). Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kwenziwa ngesilinganiso sebheke eli-1 emibhedeni engu-15 m.
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ama-fertilizer amaminerali abhekwa njenge "intandokazi" ayizintandokazi zalesi sitshalo. Uma ufuna ukutshala nokunisela inhlabathi, ungasebenzisa umanyolo ngendlela yezixazululo. Uma umswakama wenhlabathi uphakeme kakhulu, kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa uhlobo olomile lwamakholomu omsoco.
Ukuze ukhule kahle nokuvunwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, ungasebenzisa futhi umanyolo wokuthengisa, isibonelo, "Agricola 4".
Kubalulekile! Ungancoma ukuthi ucece umhlaba lapho isithombo se-blacks sikhula khona, nge-fertilizer ephilayo. Lokhu kuphazamisa impilo yekhwalithi kanye neshalofu.
Ukuvikeleka ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-black radish zilawulwa yizinambuzane ezifana ne-isanqante ehambayo, i-cruciferous flea, i-aphid, iklabishi leaf beetle, i-beetle ephuziwe kanye nama-slugs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangatheleleka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal kanye nama-virus. 
Ukuze uvikele izitshalo zakho kulezi zinkinga, kufanelekile ukwenza ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo. izikhambi zabantu. Isibonelo:
- isisombululo samanzi nesepha;
- imihlobiso yomhlonyane kanye ne-celandine;
- ikhambi leviniga (eyodwa isipuni ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi);
- ingxube yomlotha, i-lime ne-pepper, ihlanjululwa emanzini;
- Amaqabunga amanzi angafafazwa ngomlotha ohlanzekile, uthuli oludakayo noma u-tansy.
Kubuye kuthengwe imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nemvelo, njenge "Lipocid", "Fitoverm", "Inta-vir", ama-shampoos anti-flea (ama-caps angu-2-3 ngamabhakede ngamanzi).
Lapho ukhula, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga ezithile, ukutholakala kwezifo noma ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Isikhathi sokutshala sesithombo esimnyama sithinta ngqo isikhathi sokuvuna. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ziqala ukuqoqa kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, phakathi nonyaka kanye nasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuwa. 
Izinhlobo ezindala zifanelekile ukugcina isitoreji isikhathi eside phakathi nobusika; zingapheli izinsuku ezingamakhulu amabili. Into eyinhloko ukuvuna ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ukukhipha.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwesithombo somnyama kunqatshelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nesilonda.
Ngaphambi kokuba ufake isithombo endaweni epholile (+ 3 ° C) yokugcina isitoreji sonke sasebusika (i-cellar iphelele), ohlukaniswe namaqabunga futhi omiswe kancane. Isithombo singahle sigcinwe esiqandisini. Emabhokisini, isithombo sithwala ngomlotha, isikhunta noma isihlabathi. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngaphambi kokugcinwa, izithelo ngasinye ziyanconywa kwisisombululo sobumba, okusho ukuthi emva kokumisa, sakha uhlaka oluvikelayo esikhumbeni.
Isithombo se-black siyingqayizivele ezindaweni zayo zokuphulukisa ezimangalisayo. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko futhi uqinisekise ukuthi lesi isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ungasitshala ngokuphepha ensimini yakho, lesi sitshalo siyoba umngane wokuphila okunempilo, okujabulisayo kwakho nabathandekayo bakho.
