Umanyolo womhlabathi ungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukufakelwa (ukufaka kwangaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu) futhi ngokwemvelo - ngokuhlwanyela umquba ohlaza. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka isithombo se-oilseed kusukela ekubukeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-sideratnogo: yiziphi izindawo eziwusizo, indlela yokutshala kahle nokuhlwanyela lesi sitshalo.
Incazelo ye-botanical
Igama lesiLatin lesitshalo -Raphanus oliefera, ingeyomndeni weklabishi. Kwafika isithombo esivela e-Asia, kwaba khona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo esasakazwa njengemifino. Endle ayitholakali. Manje uye wathola ukuthandwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika futhi cishe yonke iYurophu.
Hlanganisa umnqumo - isitshalo saminyaka yonke. Ubude bayo obuphezulu bufinyelela kumamitha owodwa nengxenye. Amaflegi anomumo obunzima. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo akuzona imifino egcwele impande, kodwa kuphela i-pod encane enezinhlamvu. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ezimweni ezibandayo zezulu, okuqinisekisa ukungahloniphi kwesimo sezulu. Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-oilseed kanye nesimiso esibabayo kithi sisezintweni ezincane kanye nokutholakala kwemali enkulu yamafutha abalulekile, yingakho ibizwa igama layo.
Lesi sitshalo asifanelekile ukusetshenziswa - ayifuni izithelo ezidliwayo, ngokungafani nendawo evamile yensimbi noma i-daikon (isihlobo esiseduze sesitshalo). Izindlela eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamafutha okuhamba ngamafutha: njengokudla kwemfuyo, umquba ohlaza, uju plant kanye nomhlobiso wenhlabathi.
Izakhiwo eziyinzuzo eziyinzuzo zesitshalo
Naphezu kokuthi i-olidi isithombo ayiyona into engadliwayo yabantu, ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukuletha izinzuzo, noma kunjalo, inezinzuzo eziningi.
Uyazi? EGrisi lasendulo, isithombo (ubukeka nje "obudala" obubuhlungu) sasihlonishwa kakhulu - sasibekwa esitokisini segolide, futhi sasikhokhelwe ngegolide elihlanzekile, elilingana nesisindo kwisitshalo sesitshalo ngokwaso.
Njenga-siderata
Lesi sitshalo siyadingeka njengomanyolo wemvelo ohlaza okwenhlabathi. I-Radish ivuselela kakhulu inhlabathi - ngenxa yezimpande zayo eside, ivumela izakhi ukuba zondliwe ukuze zikhule kahle kakhulu emifuleni yawo. Ivikela inhlabathi ekukhuphukeni komhlabathi (ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zemvula), igcina umswakama endaweni engenhla, futhi ivimbela ukomisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombo sithinta ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, isakhiwo saso - ngokuzenzakalelayo sikhulula umhlaba, sakha amanzi ngisho nasezindlini ezijulile - lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni umoya omuhle kanye nokungena kwamanzi.
Uma utshani lungagciniwe ngesikhathi sasebusika, luzobola bese luba umanyolo omkhulu, lugcwalisa izingqimba ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi. Izinsalela zomsuka emhlabathini zigcwalisa umhlaba ngamaminerali kanye nezici zokulandelana ezizuzisayo ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus nezinye.
Isithombo sivikela futhi inhlabathi nezitshalo engozini yokuthuthukisa i-fungus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobumnyama bomhlabathi, isithombo asiyikunika ithuba lokukhula ukhula (isibonelo, utshani obunqunu kanye ne-ragweed). Amafutha abalulekile ekubunjweni kwesitshalo abesabisa izifo ezinjengamazambane, i-aphid, i-nematode, isibungu nokunye.
Like honey isitshalo
Isihlahla esinjalo sivame ukutshala hhayi kuphela ukucebisa nokuphatha inhlabathi, kodwa njengomsuka wempova omuhle uju wezinyosi. Izimpande zesikhumba isikhathi eside - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-40, kanti futhi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza i-nectar ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibucayi noma lapho kungekho khona ilanga.
Iqhakaza lapho izitshalo eziningi sezibophe izithelo - ngaleyo ndlela zihlinzeka ngezinyosi zokudla ngisho nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezinye izitshalo. Uju, olwakhiwa kusukela empoveni walokhu utshani obunamafutha, lunomsindo omnandi kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwamafutha abalulekile kwenza umkhiqizo wokuphulukisa.
Kubalulekile! Uju lwesithombo sikhanyisa ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fructose, ngakho-ke angeke ishiywe emasimini ebusika - lokhu kuzoholela ekubunjweni kweqabunga elinyene ku-honeycomb.
Like feed isitshalo
Izithako zesithombo ngesimiso semfuyo ukukhula kwawo okusheshayo, amahlumela amaningi kanye nenani lomsoco. Ngakho-ke, kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa kungenzeka ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-400 kg, futhi uma ukondliwa okwengeziwe kungeziwe, izinkomba zingakhuphuka zibe ngu-700 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala isitshalo ekutshoneni kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-40-50 kuphela, okuvumela ukuthi uqhubekele ukuguqulwa okwedlule ngonyaka - kuze kufike ku-4 ukugaya.
Futhi, njengesiko esingasemuva basebenzisa: ifolishi isithombo sebhitrudi, amabele, ama-pulses, triticale, i-amaranth
Imfuyo iyakuthanda lo mmbila omabili futhi omile. - I-Radish iveza ufulawa ophawulekayo, u-silage kanye ne-haylage. Ngokuvamile, isithombo sixubene nama-peas, ama-oats, ama-corn - lokhu kudla okunomsoco kwandisa ukondla ubisi lwezinkomo, futhi kuthinta ukunambitheka kobisi. Ezilwaneni ezondla ngaleyo ndlela, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yeboya, kunyuke ukwanda, futhi amathuba okugula okubangelwa izinambuzane ezidliwayo ayancipha.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo singakhulela emahlathini, lokhu kwenza sikwazi ukuhamba ngezinkomo, futhi sivumele ukuba sizenzele ngotshani ngisho nangokwindla.
Njengoba sideratov futhi wasebenzisa izitshalo ezifana: rye, phacelia, alfalfa, lupine, lwesinaphi, clover sweet, oats, rapeseed
Isicelo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwesithombo se-oilseed, akudingeki nje ngo-agronomy nokulima.
Ekuphekeni
Kuvela ukuthi, ngokuqondile, umkhiqizo ongenakutholakali, ungalungisa izitsha ezihlwabusayo nezomsoco ngempela. Ubuningi obuvame ukusetshenziselwa njengesisekelo samasaladi. - Kumele kuqala ugwetshwe emanzini abandayo cishe ihora. Futhi, amahlumela aluhlaza esitshalweni afakwa kwisobho seklabishi - ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid ekubunjweni kwayo, isithombo sifaka izitsha ngezinto eziwusizo, futhi sandisa kakhulu ukudla kwabo okunomsoco.
Embonini yokudla
Inani elikhulu lokudla okunomsoco kwalesi sitshalo - okuqukethwe kwamafutha ayingqayizivele abalulekile, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza amafutha ahlukahlukene ahlotshiwe kuwo. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke iveza amafutha angavamile kakhulu kakhulu. Amaphrotheni nawo akhishwa esitsheni (sakha cishe amaphesenti angama-30 emakhemikhali we-plant), kamuva asetshenziselwa ukudla okunomsoco wezemidlalo.
Uyazi? Amafutha abalulekile kakhulu adingekayo i-lavender, i-mint, i-lemon ne-orange, kanye namafutha e-bexisi e-rasex.
Ezokwelapha
Amafutha abalulekile, futhi izitshalo ezingavamile ezigculisayo zisetshenziswa njengesisekelo samalungiselelo ezinye zezokwelapha (ikakhulu amavithamini). Kukhona ama-herbal kanye nama-teas namaqabunga omisiwe ama-radish-isiphuzo - iziphuzo ezenziwe kule mithi zinomphumela wokuqeda, kunciphise ukucindezeleka ngisho nokukhanda ikhanda.
E-cosmetology
Ama-emulsions ama-radical ayadingeka ajwayele ukufakwa kumafutha okugaya - uma isetshenziswa esikhumbeni, leli thuluzi lisiza ukuphumula futhi lushelele isikhumba, futhi sinomthelela omncane wokufudumala. Amakhemikhali ajwayelekile angavamile afakwe kuma-conditioners kanye nezinwele zezinwele - ngemva kokusebenzisa ikhambi elinjalo, iphunga elimnandi elimnandi lihlala lisezinwele, futhi izinwele ngokwazo ziba zikhanya futhi zimile.
I-cumin, i-sage, i-bex, i-zizifus, i-okra, i-lagenaria, i-bergamot, i-cactus, i-chamomile, i-hops, i-rosemary nayo isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinwele.
Ekukhiqizeni
Ngezinhloso zezimboni, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amafutha e-diesel ukuhlanganisa kanye neminye imishini yobuchwepheshe. Futhi, i-emulsion ye-radish isetshenziselwa ukugcoba amadivaysi ensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela iwavikele ekubunjweni kokubola.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima ama-oilseed ama-radish
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwezithombo nokuvuna okuvuthiwe, kubalulekile ukunamathela kwezobuchwepheshe obufanele bokuhlwanyela le ndawo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezici zokutshala isithombo, isithombo seShayina nesimnyama, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesithombo emithi yokwelapha.
Lapho ukutshala
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo singabandeki, akufanele uhlwanyele enhlabathini efriziwe - kungcono ukuqala ukufika ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kodwa ukuhlwanyela kokugcina kungenziwa kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba - ukugaya kokugcina utshani uzoba nesikhathi sokukwenza ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Uma uhlwanyela inhlabathi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli futhi uhlume ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika, ungenza kanjalo u-aeration 3-4 we-intanethi yenhlabathi. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukutshala isithombo ngesikhathi sokufudumala, kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuyenza yile:
- entwasahlobo - emva kokudonsa inhlabathi (hhayi ngaphambi kokuqala kuka-Ephreli);
- ehlobo - ngasiphi isikhathi;
- ekwindla - kungakapheli ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Kulesi simo, isilinganiso sembewu ngayinye isikwele esingu-1. m kudingeka ukwandise umfelokazi - esikhathini esizayo isitshalo esinjalo sikhula sikhule kancane kancane.
Ezitshalweni ezibandayo zibandakanya: i-oregano, i-sorrel, i-catnip, i-statice, i-tiarella, i-arugula, inwabuzelayo i-zhivuchka, i-carnation yaseTurkey, i-miscanthus
Isilinganiso seSeeding
Uma umgomo wakho - ukutshala isithombo njengesi-siderata, ngakho kufanele itshalwe ngalendlela elandelayo: cishe ama-gramu angu-2 emigqeni eyodwa yesigcawu. m. Ukudla okufuywayo noma i-bevel elandelayo yezidingo zomndeni, ungahlwanyela kakhulu: 4-5 amagremu ngehora elilodwa. m wezwe.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Lesi sitshalo kufanele sitshalwe enhlabathini elungiselelwe. - umhlaba kufanele uqale ukukhululeka. Akunconywa ukutshala lesi siderat kushisa kakhulu ngosuku noma umhlaba owomile kakhulu - ukuphumelela kwezithombo kungase kube nesigamu. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa umquba owengeziwe nokugqoka - isithombo singakhula kahle emhlabathini ohluphekile.
Indlela yokutshala
Kungcono ukubeka imbewu enjalo ngomhlabathi nge-placer: lokhu kuzokuqinisekisa ukuhlwanyela ngokugcwele nokuvunwa kwembewu (ikakhulukazi uma isitshalo sitshalwe ngenhloso yokukhulula inhlabathi). Ngezinhloso zezimboni, isitshalo esinjalo ngokuvamile sihlwanyelwe emigqeni - kulula ukuyiqoqa futhi siyisebenzise kamuva. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemibhede lenza cishe ngo-15-20 cm. Ukujula kokuhlwanyela kufanele okungenani kube ngu-3-4 cm, ngakho-ke umhlabathi kufanele uqale ukulima. Uma imbewu ingahlanganisi ngokujulile enhlabathini, izomane zishaywe umoya noma zihlanjwe yimvula futhi ngeke zithole isikhathi sokutshala izimpande emhlabathini.
Uma usebenzisa isithombo njengesitshalo sokudla kuvame ukuhlwanyela kanye nama-peas - Kulesi simo, isilinganiso kufanele sibe yi-1: 5 (isilinganiso sesithombo kanye nama-peas).
Ukuze uqhubeke uqoqa uju, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe emigqeni ngobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-35-40 cm.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo zamafutha omuthi akufanelekile njenge-siderata yeklabishi omhlophe, daikon, nezinye izinhlobo isithombo: le mikhiqizo yilabo abamele umndeni ofanayo wesi-cruciferous.
Amahlumela okuqala nokugaya
Izitshalo zokuqala ezincane zokuqala zizobonakala zingekho emhlabathini kakade izinsuku ezingu-4-5 - ikakhulu uma behlwanyelwe ngenkathi efudumele (lesi sikhathi sizophindwa kabili ekwindla). I-radish blooms zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-40-42 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Ukudla kwezilwane nokuvunwa kwe-hay, lesi sitshalo sivame ukusika ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume izimbali - lokhu kunguzinsuku ezingu-38-40.
Uma isithombo sitshalwe njenge-siderata yezitshalo zasebusika, bese usiqeda izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo zasebusika. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuhlwanyela kokutshala kwe-isithombo akufanelekile umsebenzi wokulimala - kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhlwanyela kwesikhashana njengokugcina impahla yokudla kwemfuyo. Uma izitshalo eziphuthumayo zingaqhakazi ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala neqhwa, awukwazi ukuzitshela - zizogcina kahle iqhwa emhlabathini, zinikeze le ndawo yokugcina indawo emakhazeni. Entwasahlobo, isitshalo esinjalo siyobola masinyane futhi sizokunikeza umquba omuhle kakhulu wezitshalo zasentwasahlobo zezitshalo ezinkulu.
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele ukugqoka okwenzelwe izitshalo zakho: i-banana ikhasi, ama-eggshell, ama-nettle, ikhasi le-anyanisi, i-potassium humate, imvubelo, i-biohumus.
I-oilseed ye-Radish ingenye ye-sideratov ethandwa kakhulu namuhla. Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwazo kwezimo zezulu, kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuningi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini emincane - ezizindeni zomndeni zasendlini, futhi ngezinga elikhulu - ngesilinganiso sezimboni. Lesi sitshalo akuyona nje kuphela yabaholi ngokulandela ikhwalithi ye-aeration nomanyolo womhlabathi, kodwa futhi kubonisa ukusebenza okuhle endimeni ye-honey bearing plant.
