Ukulima okunempilo kuyisayensi yonke. Ukuthenga isakhiwo esikhulu semvelo nokutshala ezinye izitshalo kuso akusho ukuthola isivuno esihle nokwenza imali eningi. Esikhathini esiyinkimbinkimbi yezolimo, yonke imininingwane kanye nemininingwane ibalulekile, ngoba izitshalo nezitshalo zidinga indlela ekhethekile yokunakekelwa, futhi umhlaba, owanikeza izakhi zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa, udinga ukukhulelwa futhi akukho ngaphansi kwezinhlobo eziphilayo ezicutshungulwayo.
Uma ungumnikazi oziqhenyayo wesakhiwo sezwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhulu noma sincane, futhi njalo uhlwanyela okuthile kulo, ulwazi olulandelayo lukuwe. Inhlabathi idinga ukucebisa okuqhubekayo, ngoba ingasuswa futhi ilahlekelwe ukuzala kwayo. Kunezindlela zokufaka umanyolo emhlabathini, kanti kunezitshalo ezingasusa umhlabathi ophezulu kunokhula futhi zithuthukise ukwakheka kwamaminerali. Lezi zitshalo zihlanganisa ama-oats avamile. Masifunde ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ama-oats angasiza kanjani inhlabathi, nini nokuthi kufanele ihlwanyelwe kanjani njenge-siderat - ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, nokuthi kufanele ukwenze kanjani ngezitshalo ezikhulile.
Kungani behlwanyela izimpande
Ama-siderate akhuliwa hhayi ukudla noma ukudayiswa. Lezi yizitshalo ezinomakhemikhali okhethekile ongavuselela inhlabathi yenziwe ezinye izitshalo futhi uzilungiselele isikhathi esizayo sokuvuna. Aziqoqiwe futhi azivuni. 
Izitshalo ezinjalo zilima emhlabathini ngaphambi nje kokuba ziqhakaze - uma kunama-green stalks kakhulu kunayo yonke i-nitrogen nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile.
Kubalulekile! Isitshalo esinjalo njengezinyosi sibopha kakhulu umhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhula, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa ama-oats njenge-siderat emva kwezitshalo ze-beet ngeke kusebenze - kungathatha amanzi amaningi kakhulu ngenkathi ukuchelela noma omile ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume. Kodwa ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi kunenzuzo kakhulu. - Iziqu zalokhu utshani zimanzi, zondla futhi zigcina umswakama emhlabathini.
Izitshalo zazo zizuza ngokushesha okuthiwa u-green mass, okuyiwona, emva kokulima, ophenduka umquba, futhi uhlelo olujulile lwempande luthumba zonke izendlalelo ezingenhla zenhlabathi, okuvimbela ukhula ukuba luhlume. Lezo zitshalo ezikwazi ukuhluma azizuzi ukukhanya kwelanga ngenxa yesikhumba esincane esiphezulu futhi ekugcineni zife. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwempande lwezingxenyeni ezihamba kahle luwela emhlabathini, lukhuphule ukugeleza kweqhwa elinomkhumbi namanzi emvula, i-oksijeni, futhi livikela isendwangu esivundile ukuba singabikho kulezi zifunda ezilawulwa yimimoya enamandla. 
Ama-oats njenge-siderata: yikuphi ukubaluleka nokungalungile
Ngaphandle kwemifino, evame ukukhula njengama-siderats, rye, ibhali kanye nama-oats nawo athandwa kakhulu. Ama-oats angomunye wezitshalo zasendulo ezindala kakhulu, abantu bakutshale entwasahlobo nasebusika njenge-siderat, ngenkathi u-rye nokolweni bengakabi khona.
Inani le-oats kanje:
- Amaprotheni amaningi. Iziqu zalo zinezondlo - ziqukethe amaprotheni amaningi awusizo, okungaphezu kuka-alfalfa ne-clover.
- Ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali. Kukhona i-nitrogen encane ku-oats kune-rye, kodwa kune-potassium ne-phosphorus eningi kulo. Ithuthukisa umhlabathi wobumba obunamahloni.
- Aeration. Lolu utshani lunomthombo oqinile wezimpande - lukhulula inhlabathi enomdlandla ngezimpande ezinamandla futhi, ngaphezu kwe-vitamin enrichment, iqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-oxygen.
- Ukuqinisa. Ehlelekile, inhlabathi engazinzile, loluhlelo lwempande, ngokuphambene, lubopha, ukuze utshani buhle kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi.
- Izakhiwo ze-Herbicidal. Njengoba sikhula, lolu tshani lwakha ukuhluma okukhulu, iziqu zalo zikhona eduze komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke akukho ukhula oluphakathi kwalesi sitshalo lungabonakala - luvele lubomile.
- Ukungathobeki. Emhlabathini lo utshani buyiqede, lukhula emhlabathini, emhlabathini omnyama, emathunjini, emhlabathini nangesihlabathi. Iphupho lezolimo!
- Ukukhiqiza Ngokusekelwe kwekhulu, isivuno salesi sitshalo sinikeza ubukhulu obulingana no-100 kg wefriji eliphezulu.
Uyazi? Ama-oats asungulwa kuqala ekuhlukanisweni kwamazwe ngamazwe ngo-1753, nakuba kwaziwa abalimi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1 000. Bayibeka emndenini waseMyatlikovy ngenxa yemifino enhle, lapho kuvela khona izimbali futhi zivuthiwe.
Ukungalungi kwama-oats, umlimi ngamunye uyabheka:
- Inani encane lobuningi obuhlaza. Mhlawumbe entwasahlobo yezindawo eziphelile ze-oat eyodwa ngeke kube ngokwanele njenge-siderata, kodwa ukuze kugcinwe kahle indawo lapho inzalo ishicilelwa khona futhi ilandelwa kahle, lesi siko kufanelekile.
- I-nitrogen encane ekubunjweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho i-nitrogen eningi kulo mkhakha, kumele kuhlwanyelwe lapho i-alfalfa noma i-clover isivele ikhula khona, bese ihlalela amasiko amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Isidingo samazinga aphansi okushisa nokunisela njalo. Ama-oats afana nomthunzi, ukupholisa nokuphuza okuningi. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo kanye nentwasahlobo emanzi, kufanelekile, futhi kusesimo sezulu esishisayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyaqina futhi kumile.
Njengoba ubona, izinzuzo zalesi sigameko zilinganisa kakhulu ukungalungi.
Izici zokukhula
Kukhona izimfihlo eziningana, wazi ukuthi ungakwazi ukukhulisa ama-oats ngobuningi obuhlaza obuningi kanye nesimiso esinamandla, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inhlabathi. Etshalwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene, utshani luzohlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco, lapho isivuno sonyaka ozayo sizoxhomeke khona.
I-mustard, i-buckwheat, i-phacelia, i-lupine nayo isetshenziswa njengomanyolo ohlaza.
Yiziphi izitshalo okufanele zihlwanyele ngaphambili?
Ake sithi ngokushesha - okusanhlamvu akukwazi ukuhlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokusanhlamvu. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukubeka insimu ye-buckwheat, i-oats noma ukolweni, lesi sici ngeke sikusebenzele. Akukafaneli ukuhlwanyela ama-oats endaweni lapho amazambane azokhula khona kamuva. Inkathazo ebizwa ngokuthi "wireworm" iyathinta kokubili izitshalo zokutshala umquba ohlaza kanye namazambane okutshala, futhi lokhu kunqotshwa kokusanhlamvu kudlula zonke izinzuzo zayo. Ukuze uvimbele ukuvunwa kwezitshalo ezitshalweni ukuba zinyamalale, sebenzisa enye ingxenye phambi kwamazambane.
Uma amazambane ekhula ensimini ngonyaka odlule, futhi kulokhu uhlela ama-sevosmenu, ama-oats, ngokuphambene nalokho, ayoba usizo - uzobhubhisa izinsalela zama-mbatata esikhaleni emhlabathini. Kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo, lolu tshani luzokondla kahle umhlabathi, ngakho-ke, utshale ama-raspberries, ama-currants, i-pepper enhlobonhlobo yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, utamatisi, iklabishi, kanye nesobhoji kanye nezitshalo ze-strawberry ezweni elicebile. 
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokukhula okuhle endaweni epholile, ama-oats awabekezelelanga amaqhwa abonakalayo futhi akoma phakathi kwabo. Ukuze izitshalo zakho zingalahleki, zihlwanyele lesi sitshalo ngo-Okthoba noma ngoMashi, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kobusika.
Ukuhlwanyela nini futhi kanjani ukuhlwanyela i-siderat
Kuyinto yokusanhlamvu okubandayo futhi okumanzi-onothando. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi esibandayo, esinomanzi, okungcono kakhulu Okthoba. Ngokushesha lapho isivuno sokugcina sisuswa emasimini, kanti inhlabathi ingakaze igcwale izikhukhula zemvula ekwindla, imbewu iyafakwa emhlabathini. Frost, lokhu utshani ngeke kwenze, ngakho-ke, uma ebusika kuhlelwe kusenesikhathi, kungcono ukudlulisa ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo. Uma kunezinsuku ezingamahhala ezingamashumi amathathu namashumi amane ngaphambi kweqhwa, utshani buyoba nesikhathi sokuthola ubukhulu obuhlaza obudingekayo futhi bube umanyolo omuhle - i-perepret ne-peregnut ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ukutshala kwe-spring siderata kuncike ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukubeka imbewu kuqala ngoFebruwari, lapho ama-meltwaters evela ngaphansi kweqhwa. Uma ubusika busanda futhi bude, ama-oats asetshenziswa njenge-siderat ekupheleni kukaMashi, njengoba amaqhwa aphelile. Khona-ke sekusele inyanga nje kuphela ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweziqu, ukulima umhlabathi nokutshala izitshalo. Kungenzeka ukucebisa umhlabathi ngalesi sici kuze kube nguSeptemba, kubandakanya - izitshalo zakuqala nezokugcina. Khona-ke ikhefu ngenyanga lizothathwa futhi ukuhlwanyela ekwindla kwenziwa ngaphansi kweqhwa. 
Ngaphambi kokuba ulethe imbewu emhlabathini, ubaphathe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ukuze ususe zonke izifo ezifuywayo kuzo futhi ukwandise ukuhluma. Nciphisa imbewu enesixazululo semaminithi amabili bese uwageza ngaphansi kwamanzi agijima. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-gauze - imbewu ayigeli kanye namanzi bese ugeza kahle. Umhlaba uzodingeka ukhululiwe futhi uhlanzwe kusukela ezintabeni ezidala - udinga ukuphumula nomoya omningi. Letha imbewu ngokuhleleka okungahleliwe, ngobuningi, ungabeki ababusi nemibhede.
Ezindaweni eziyikhulu kufanele uthathe cishe u-2 kg wezinhlamvu ze-oat. Into eyinhloko ukuwahambisa ngokulinganayo ukuze kungabikho izindawo ze-bald ezitshalweni. Uma inhlabathi isomile, kunconywa ukuyifiphaza nge-hose, kodwa njalo nge-sprayer ukuze umhlaba ungabi mnandi futhi ugwetshwe phansi.
Uyazi? Ingqikithi yenani le-oat ihlanganisa amagama amabili nambili. Kulezi, ezintathu kuphela - izitshalo eziwusizo nezikhulile. Amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye asele abhekwa njengokhula olunonya. Amagama abo - engathandabuzeki, engenalutho, engenalutho futhi eyintandokazi yomncintiswano wokhula - oats bearded.
Indlela yokunakekela izitshalo
Lo utshani udinga ukuchelela okuningi. Uma inganikezwa ngesimo sezulu, kuzodingeka ungeze umswakama. Njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu, hlola isimo sezitshalo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihluma zihlobo luni, amaqabunga athuthuka, athuthuke ngendlela evamile noma eyomile esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Uma iziqu zama-oats azifuni ukukhula, mhlawumbe isiko sangaphambilini sichithile umhlaba kakhulu ngisho nangasese. Kule nkinga, engeza umanyolo omncane wamaminerali - lolu tshani luzohambisana ne-nitre ne-superphosphate. Ngokuvamile, ama-oats ayizivuno ezingenangqondo futhi awudingi lutho ngaphandle kokuswakama okwanele. 
Nini ukukhipha ama-oats
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela ukugaya, kufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingama-30 noma ezingamashumi amane - ziqondiswe ngobuningi obuhlaza obukhulile kanye nentshonalanga yezimbali. Uma impova iqala ukuvela kuso, sekuyisikhathi sokusika iziqu. Lapho ekwindla ekuhlwanyela uwela ezinsukwini zokugcina ngaphambi kokubanda. Uma utshala lolu tshani entwasahlobo, bese usika iziqu ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-hot May izinsuku.
Kubalulekile! Ama-oats akhipha i-loam nobumba, ahlanze umhlabathi kuma-bacterial putrefactive futhi asuse umswakama owandayo emhlabathini. Ngokushesha ngesisekelo se-oatmeal, ungatshala ukhukhamba - Ukuvuna kuzothuthuka kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ukulima ama-oats emhlabathini kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nesikhathi sokuba kakhulu. Uma utshala ama-oats ngoNovemba, ke ungangcwatshi emhlabathini, kwenze njalo maduzane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kuka-Ephreli. Iziqu ze-oblique ngeke zivumele umhlabathi ukuba ukhululeke ngokujulile, ngakho entwasahlobo izobe isilungele ukutshala nokutshala ngaphambi kokungazange kuhlanganiswe. Uma ubungqimba obuhlaza buvuleka kakhulu, ungaluvali enhlabathini yonke, kungenjalo kuzoba mnandi. Thatha ingxenye eya emgodini womquba noma ulungiselele ukuphakela uhlobo lwe-silage lwemfuyo. 
Izolimo yiyona imboni ehlonipha kakhulu. Kuhle ukuthi usebenze kanzima futhi usondele ekutshalweni kwezwe ngendlela efanele - futhi imiphumela ngokuqinisekile izobonakala. Ibhizinisi lokuhlwanyela alikwazi ukugijima. Beka imbewu ye-oat emhlabeni olungiselelwe, okhululekile, lapho kufika isikhathi sabo sezulu esinomanzi, bukela ukukhula kweziqu, zifake lapho amahlumela engaphansi kwamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu, futhi ungavumeli amanzi aqhubekele kusayithi.
Ngaphambi kokulima ama-oats emhlabathini, qiniseka ukuthi uyomunca ukuze ama-humus akhiwe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala okulandelayo kwezitshalo. Ukwazi le mithetho elula futhi uyisebenzise ngokuzikhandla, uzobuyisela ukuzala kwezwe lakho futhi ulilungiselele ngenkathi elandelayo ephumelelayo yokukhula.
